Grape expectationsScience news

Team: POMEX • Aragón Clara Edgar• Aviléz Téllez Irvin Antonio• Ramírez Vidal Pamela • Valverde Ortega Karla Ivon.

Index

• Objective

• What is happening ?

• The effect of warm clime in grapes

• Chemical effects

• So… why is it important ?

• New vineyards

• Actions to be taken

• Conclusion

Objetive

• Studying the effects of warm climate in wine properties and their consequences in wine Industry.

what is wine?

• The official European Union definition : 'The product obtained from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, whether or not crushed, or of grape must'.

The chemical composition of wine is about :87.7% water 11% alcohol

1% acid 0.2% tannins.

• The main difference between the production of red and white wine is that red wine is made by fermenting the juice in contact with the skins and flesh of the grapes, whereas white wine is made by fermenting just the juice after the skins and flesh have been removed in the press.

• This is because the colour and tannins which are vital to red wine are found in the skins of black grapes, and these components are best extracted during (and sometimes after) alcoholic fermentation.

Health Benefits of Drinking Wine

• Promotes Longevity

• Reduces Heart-Attack Risk

• Lowers Risk of Heart Disease

• Reduces Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

• Lowers Risk of Stroke

• Cuts Risk of Cataracts

• Cuts Risk of Colon Cancer

• Slows Brain Decline

What is happening ?

• Warming temperatures are already affecting vineyards from France to Chile.

The reason: climate change

The effect of warm clime in grapes

• The plant is extraordinary sensitive to temperature• Changes in temperature and humidity may leave grapes more

susceptible to fungal diseases and other microbial invaders.• Vineyard’s Displacement may change the properties of wine.

The effect of warm clime in grapes

• The heat can shut down photosynthesis altogether which will wash out the grapes’ color and alter the acid, resulting in the loss of some flavor and aroma.

• Temperature rise is proportional to Sugar increase

Chemical effects

• The acids give the juice its acidity, and act as an effective buffer to maintain the pH at around 3.2 - 3.3.

• They are also important contributors to the flavour balance of the juice and wine, providing the sharp acidity.

• Anthocyanin gives red wine color

Temperature and sugar concentration

Simulation how the quality of cabernet sauvignon grown will change by 2070

• Using low- and high-warming scenarios, the team predicted declines in acidity and the concentration of a compound called anthocyanin.

Simulation how the quality of cabernet sauvignon grown will change by 2070

New vineyards• Some wine producers in Champagne or Bordeaux already are

moving north and setting up vineyards in southern England.

• In other parts of the world, growers are expanding into areas previously not known for wine, setting up vineyards in India, Brazil and China.

So… why is it important ?

• Analysts estimate that U.S. consumers spent over $30 billion on wine in 2012.

• The list of the 10 countries with the highest wine consumption, based on the annual consumed volume per person over the legal drinking age in each country, including sparkling wines, is as :

Wine production between 2000-2012

VS

some of the best places to grow wine grapes in 2050 will overlap with panda habitat in China, as well as regions north of Yellowstone National Park where land is being set aside for bears, antelope, mountain lions and other species.

Actions to be taken • To change the vine’s orientation so that it faces a more

northerly direction, in order to limit direct exposure to the sun and keep grapes cooler as temperatures rise.

Actions to be taken

• In the laboratory scientists are experimenting with genetically modified grape varietals to help growers find more high-tech ways to adapt

Actions to be taken • In many regions, appellation rules govern wine-making

practices, such as irrigation and addition of ingredients to adjust alcohol or acid levels in the final product.

• As climate change unfolds, local appellation laws may have to change to permit irrigation or to allow for grape varietals that can tolerate warmer climates, scientists say.

Conclusion

The Earth’s climate is changing much faster than the wine business and it is advantageous for the wine industry to be proactive in assessing the impacts

References• Gaidos, S. (Frebruary 8, 2014). Grape expectations. Sciencen News, 20-

24.

• Heather, W. (n.d.). Retrieved mayo 2015, 10, from http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/food/6B.pdf

• (n.d.). Retrieved mayo 05, 2015, from http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/wine-good-you

• (n.d.). Retrieved mayo 10, 2015, from http://www.winesur.com/news/the-most-wine-consuming-countries

• (n.d.). Retrieved mayo 05, 2015, from http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/8-health-benefits-of-drinking-wine