Wine Historyl Info]

8/6/2019 Wine Historyl Info]

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Wine in the Ancient WorldEarliest Evidence is from the

Neolithic Era

8000-45000BC

Hajji Firuz Site found in

Zargos Mountains in Iran

Neolithic community kitchen

found pot with wine resignPot dated to 6000BC


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Wine in the Ancient World

Early Mesopotamia Wine Culture (Late Uruk Period 3500-3100BC)

Class War Between Beer and Wine Begins

An impression of a seal from Queen Pu-abls tomb shows a male

and female on either side of a wide-mouthed jar are shown

drinking barley beer through tubes, while others below raise high

their cups, probably containing wine, which is served from a

spouted jar.


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Wine in the Ancient WorldEgyptians began Modern

Viticultural Techniques

Clay pots found during 1st and2nd Dynasties with wine

residue

3rd Dynasty Hieroglyphics

show vine trellis trainingMany tombs from then on

were decorated with

viticultural and winemaking

scenes


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Wine in the Ancient World

Ancient Greece plants Vineyards throughout

the Southern Europe

As far as Modern Spain

Roman Empire conquers most of known

world and plant vineyards for local governors

Roman Empire Converts to Catholicism

Priests increase already large production to

convert population to Catholicism


7/17

Wine in European HistoryMonks during the Dark Ages Maintain Winemaking In fact increases as Pilgrimages increased

The reign of Charlemagne revived winemaking and advanced

the technique

Wine becomes a primary beverage with periodic problemswith drinking water from the 14th to the 16th Century.

The monk Dom Perignon accidentally invents Champagne in

17th Century

Robert Hooke 1664 and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1684Louis Pasteur discovered the role of Yeast in Fermentation

1860

Phylloxera nearly wipes out nearly every vineyard in the late

19th Century


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Early Vines in the New World

Viking, Leif Erikson, arrive in 1000AD and notes

the existence of enormous grape vines

1524 Giovanni Verrano notes wild vines in North

Carloina and their wine potential

French Huguenots in Florida make wine from Vitis

rotundifola in the mid 16th Century

Captin John Smith notes Foxy grapes and theirpotential for Sherry in 17th Century

In the 17th Century Samuel de Champlain notes

islands on the St. Lawrence overgrown with vines


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10/17

Thomas Jefferson and

His Passion for Wine

As Ambassador to France he gained an appreciation for

French Wine

While he cultivated native vines, he drank French wines

Selected French Wines for President Washington

Maintained the Presidential wine cellar for John Adams, his

administration, and continued for Madison and Monroe.

Jefferson after unsuccessfully planting vinifera varieties,

he later finds Alexander and Catawba


11/17

New Attempts Find a

Viable Native VarietiesJohn Alexander successfully cultivates a Vitis labrusca

variety later to be known as Alexander in late 1700s

Jean Jacques Dufour Swiss native who planted Alexander

vine in Indiana and created Little RhinelandJohn Adlum of Georgetown plants another labrusca

variety Catawba

Jean Jacques founds Brotherhood Winery in New York

Oldest remaining Winery (Founded 1816)

Nicholas Longworth built a winery in Cincinnati in 1820s

Made first American sparkling wine

Longfellows Ode to Catawba Wine


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Wine goes West

Pope Alexander VI recognizes California in 1493

Spanish Conquistadors arrive in 1542 and 1602

Vineyards planted in both encounters

King of Spain terminates all plantings in 1595 (150 years)

Franciscan Monks continue to plant for sacramental wine

Padre Juan Ugarte at Xavier Mission in Baja

Padre Junipero Serra and Gaspar De Portola begin missionsthroughout California coast in 1769

Gold Rush brings on new varieties

Agoston Haraszthy brings 300 new vinifera Varieties


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Wine and Prohibition

Prohibitionists gradually gain power

from mid 19th Century

Maine is a Prohibitionist State 1846

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Vermont in 1852Drys begin to publish propaganda U.S. Parmacopoeia

1917 WWI and 33 states go Dry

National Prohibition (Volstead Act of 1920

Only Sacramental and Family use keep wine alive

Act Repealed in 1933 but Wine Industry is Ruin


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ZinfandelAmericas Grape


15/17

A Zinful PastNot much was known until the past 20 yrs

Believed Agoston Haraszthy brought it to CA

due claims by Agostons son ArpadRecords show imported to Long Island (1829)

Found Zinfandal and Zenfandel in Boston

Known to exist in CA in 1852Dominate Red Varietal (1859)

Reported as a Claret Varietal in 1862

Sonoma Horticultural Society


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A Zinful PastDiscovered same as Black St. Peters

Phyloxera in 1890s & Prohibition in 1920

The Scientific Revolution in CA Wine

Zinfandel as a Provincial Red Varietal

The Development of Zin Styles (60s and 70s)White Zinfandel saves Old Vines

The Resurgence in popularity 1990s20K acres 1970, 34K 1990, 50K 1997


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Zinfandel: Historys MysteryInitially assumed to be a Hungarian Variety

Then amphelograpy linked it to Primitivo

Then thought to be linked to Plavac Mali

DNA fingerprinting confirmed Zinfandel is

genetically similar to Primitivo

New studies link Zinfandel to Croatian

Variety Crljenak

Now What?

Documents

Wine Historyl Info]