Windows Phone Guide for Symbian Qt Application Developers Formated

8/3/2019 Windows Phone Guide for Symbian Qt Application Developers Formated

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/windows-phone-guide-for-symbian-qt-application-developers-formated 1/108

Microsoft & Nokia9/16/2011

Rev1.0

Windows Phone Guide for

Symbian Qt Application

Developer



WindowsPhoneGuideforSymbianQtApplicationDevelopers

TableofContent

About this Document ............................................................................................................................ 4 TargetAudience.........................................................................................................................................4 ConventionsUsedinthisDocument..................................................................................................4

Chapter 1: Introducing Windows Phone Platform to Symbian Qt Application

Developers ................................................................................................................................................ 5 WindowsPhoneDeveloperTools........................................................................................................5 WindowsPhoneArchitecture...............................................................................................................6 WindowsPhoneApplicationDevelopmentFrameworks............................................................8 WindowsPhoneApplications.............................................................................................................10 Summary....................................................................................................................................................16 RelatedResources...................................................................................................................................16

Chapter 2: Windows Phone Application Design Guidelines .................................................. 17 DesigningaWindowsPhoneApplication......................................................................................18 WindowsPhoneApplicationStructure............................................................................................19 WindowsPhoneApplicationUserInterfaceDesign....................................................................26 WindowsPhoneApplicationDevelopmentTemplates.............................................................30 Summary....................................................................................................................................................31 RelatedResources...................................................................................................................................31

Chapter 3: Windows Phone Developer and Designer Tools .................................................. 32 ComparingWindowsPhoneandSymbianQtTools...................................................................32 DevelopmentLifeCycleandWindowsPhoneTools..................................................................33 WindowsPhoneUIDesignTools.......................................................................................................35 DevelopingApplicationsinVisualStudio.......................................................................................40 BuildingandDebuggingApplicationsinVisualStudio.............................................................44 WindowsPhoneApplicationDeploymentTools..........................................................................50 WindowsPhoneDocumentationTools...........................................................................................52 Summary....................................................................................................................................................56

Chapter 4: C# programming ............................................................................................................ 57 OverviewoftheC#programming....................................................................................................57 IntroductiontotheC#programminglanguage..........................................................................60 DifferencesbetweenC#andQtC++...............................................................................................71 Summary....................................................................................................................................................74 RelatedResources...................................................................................................................................74




Chapter 5: Introducing Windows Phone Application Life Cycle .......................................... 75 ExecutingMultipleApplicationsinWindowsPhone..................................................................75 LifeCycleEventsofaWindowsPhoneApplication....................................................................77 EventHandlersinWindowsPhoneApplications.........................................................................80 Implementingapplicationlife-cyclemanagement.....................................................................81 Summary....................................................................................................................................................85 RelatedResources...................................................................................................................................85

Chapter 6: Porting Applications to Windows Phone ............................................................... 86 RSSReaderExampleApplication.......................................................................................................86 DinerExampleApplication...................................................................................................................89 SudokumasterExampleApplication.................................................................................................93

Match’emPokerExampleApplication.............................................................................................97 Summary....................................................................................................................................................98 RelatedResources...................................................................................................................................98

Chapter 7: Windows Phone Example Applications ................................................................... 99 WindowsPhoneGeneralExamples...................................................................................................99 WindowsPhoneApplicationUIExamples....................................................................................100 WindowsPhoneDeviceIntegrationExamples............................................................................102 WindowsPhoneDataManagementExamples...........................................................................103 WindowsPhoneNetworkingExamples.........................................................................................105

Summary..................................................................................................................................................106 RelatedResources.................................................................................................................................106

Chapter 8: Using the API Mapping Tool .................................................................................... 107 What’stheAPIMappingtool............................................................................................................107 Howtousethetool..............................................................................................................................107 What'snext?............................................................................................................................................108




AboutthisDocument

IfyouhavebeendevelopingQtapplicationsforSymbian^3,SymbianAnna,orSymbian

BelleandareinterestedinbuildingyourapplicationsforWindowsPhone,thisguideis

foryou.

TheguidecoverswhatyouneedtoknowtoaddWindowsPhonedevelopmenttoyour

skillset,whileleveragingwhatyouhavealreadylearnedwhiledevelopingSymbianQt

applications.

TargetAudienceThisdocumentisforSymbianQt4.7applicationdeveloperswillingtodevelop

applicationsforWindowsPhoneOS7.1.

Qt4.7referencedocumentationisavailablein:http://doc.qt.nokia.com/4.7/index.html.

QtQuick1.0componentsdocumentationisavailablein:http://doc.qt.nokia.com/qt-

components-symbian-1.0/qt-components.html .

WindowsPhoneOS7.1developmentplatformdocumentationisavailablein:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff637516%28v=VS.92%29.aspx.

ConventionsUsedinthisDocument

Abbreviation Term

WP WindowsPhone

API ApplicationProgrammingInterface

IDE IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment

XAML ExtensibleApplicationMarkupLanguage

http://doc.qt.nokia.com/4.7/index.html



http://doc.qt.nokia.com/qt-components-symbian-1.0/qt-components.html




http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff637516%28v=VS.92%29.aspx








Chapter1:IntroducingWindowsPhone

PlatformtoSymbianQtApplication

DevelopersEversincethereleaseofWindowsPhone(WP)platform,developersfromaroundthe

globerushedtodevelopapplicationsforthisplatform.Now,WPdevicesareavailable

withmanufacturersallovertheworld.Alargenumberofapplicationsarealready

availableintheWPmarketplace.

ForWP,Microsoftwentbacktothedrawingboardtofigureoutwhatphoneusersreally

wantandbuiltaphonefromthegroundup.Theoperatingsystem,theuserexperience

andtheapplicationdevelopmentplatformhaveallbeenengineeredwithusersinmind.

TherevenueopportunitiesintheWindowsPhonemarketplace,accompaniedbyagreatsetofdevelopmenttools,makeWPaveryattractivedestinationfordeveloperstobuild

applicationsandgames.

WindowsPhoneDeveloperToolsAgoodandpractical-orientedapproachtostartwithWPdevelopmentistogetfamiliar

withtheWPapplicationdevelopmenttools.Microsoftrecommendsusingcertaintools

forWPapplicationdevelopment.WPapplicationdevelopmenttoolsetisfreeandcanbe

downloadedfromMSDeveloperAppHub.

Thetoolsetincludes:

AnIDE(fordevelopers):VisualStudioExpressforWindowsPhone

AUIdesigntool(fordesigners):ExpressBlendforWindowsPhone

SilverlightforWindowsPhoneandXNAGameStudioforWindowsPhone

WindowsPhoneemulatortotestanddebugapplications

Thetoolsaredesignedtoletyoudevelopconsumerapplications,businessapplications

andgames.WPtoolsareintroducedinmoredetailinchapter3.

http://create.msdn.com/en-us/home/getting_started







Chapter1:IntroducingWindowsPhonePlatformtoSymbianQtApplicationDevelopers 6

WindowsPhoneArchitectureBeforegettingintodetailsofWPapplicationdevelopment,it’simportanttogetfamiliar

withtheWPoverallarchitecture.WPutilizesalayeredsoftwareandapplication

architecturethatisdesignedtorunonmultiplephones.Toprovideaconsistentuser

experienceandfeaturesthatyoucanrelyon,WPalsodefinesaminimumsetofhardwarerequirementsthatallWPphonesmustmeet.

WindowsPhoneHardwareFoundation

TheWPhardwarespecificationincludesthefollowinghardwarerequirementsforWP

phones:

ARM7CPU

ADirectXcapableGPU

Camera

Multi-touchcapacitivedisplay Standardsensorsinclude:

o A-GPS

o Accelerometer

o Compass

o Proximityandlightsensors

o Gyroscope

TherearethreestandardbuttonsontheWPphone:Back,StartandSearch.Aswewillsee

insubsequentsections,thesebuttonsprovideaneasyandnaturalnavigationmodelfor

theuser.

InWP,Microsoftprovidesmostofthedevicedrivercode.Adevicemanufacturerhasto

writeverylittledevice-specificcode.Thisimprovestheconsistencyandqualityacross

variousdevices.WPtakesadvantageofhardwareaccelerationthroughencapsulation

layers,suchasDirectXorXNA.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff637514(v=vs.92).aspx








WindowsPhoneSoftwarePlatform

TheWPsoftwareandapplicationplatformarchitectureismadeupoffourmain

components,asillustratedinthefollowingpicture.

WindowsPhoneapplicationplatformarchitecture

WPRuntimes,i.e.SilverlightandtheXNAFramework,alongwithWindowsPhone–

specificfeatures,combinetoprovideamatureenvironmentonwhichtobuildsecure

andgraphicallyrichapplications.WPTools,namelyVisualStudioandExpressionBlend,

createacompletedeveloperexperienceforquicklycreating,debugging,deployingandupdatingapplications.

WPCloudServices,i.e.WindowsAzure,XboxLIVEServices,Notificationsservicesand

Locationservicesalongwithavarietyofotherwebservices,allowdeveloperstoshare

dataacrossthecloudandprovidesaseamlessexperienceacrossdevices.WPPortal

ServicesandtheWindowsPhoneMarketplaceproviderobustservicesallowing

developerstoregisterandcertifyandmarkettheirapplications.

ManagedCodeinWindowsPhone

Asyoualreadyknow,SymbianQtQuickandC++applicationsarebuiltdirectlyastarget

platformbinaryexecutable.Incontrast,WPonlysupports“managedcode”applications

usingC#orVB.NET;WPapplicationsarebuilttointermediatelanguagebytecodeand

associatedmetadata.

.NETCommonLanguageRuntime(CLR)managestheexecutionofsuchcodewithin

sandboxedenvironment.CLRprovidesgarbagecollectionandthereisnomemory

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/brada/archive/2004/01/09/48925.aspx







managementtoworryaboutorpointerstotakecareof.TheWPapplicationstackisbuilt

onthe.NETcompactframework.The.NETcompactframeworkisoptimizedforresource

constraineddevicesandisdesignedtobeportableacrossvarioushardwareplatforms.

WindowsPhoneApplicationDevelopment

FrameworksIt’stimetogetabitclosertotheWPapplicationdevelopment.AsaSymbianQt

developeryouhavebecomefamiliarwithusingQtQuick,numerousQtmodulesand

Symbiannativeframeworksinyourapplications.

InWP,applicationsaredevelopedusingvariousWPapplicationdevelopment

frameworks,mostimportantofwhichareSilverlightandXNAframeworksthat

encapsulateseveralimportantandessentialfundamentalfeaturesofapplications.WP

applicationdevelopmentarchitectureisillustratedinthepicturebelow.

WindowsPhoneapplicationdevelopmentarchitecture

InSymbian,thecross-platformQtistherecommendedapplicationdevelopment

framework.However,it’salsopossibletodevelopapplicationsutilizingSymbiannative

frameworks.ThefollowingtablegivesanoverviewoftheWPapplicationdevelopment

frameworksthatprovidefeaturescomparabletotheSymbianQtmodulesandSymbian

nativeframeworks.





SymbianQt

modules

Symbiannative

frameworks

Functionality WindowsPhone

application

development

frameworks

QtQuick,Qt

Mobility

AVKON,Sensor

Framework,Camera

Framework

ApplicationUI,

Device

integration

(sensors,camera)

Silverlight,Windows

PhoneFrameworks

QtQuick,Qt

Framework

GraphicsandGUI

modules,Qt

Mobility

Graphicspackage,

AnimationsAPI,

MultimediaAPIsandFrameworks

Graphics,

Animation,Media

XNAFrameworksfor

games,Silverlight

Presentationand

Mediaforconsumerandbusiness

applications

QtQuick,Qt

FrameworkEngine

andCoremodules

GenericOSServices,

NetworkingServices,

UserLibrary,XML

Services,Persistent

StorageandFileServer

Baseservices,

Networking,Text,

XML,storage

CommonBaseClass

Library

Symbian OSlayer WindowsPhone

SymbianQt,SymbiannativeandWindowsPhoneapplicationdevelopmentcompared

SeeApplicationplatformoverviewforWindowsPhone formoreinformationaboutWP

applicationdevelopment.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff402531(v=VS.92).aspx








WindowsPhoneApplicationsAsaSymbianQtdeveloperyouarewellawarethatinSymbianQtthepreferred

applicationdevelopmentframeworkisQtQuickintroducingQML-basedUIs.However,

Symbianapplicationdevelopmentplatformshaveevolvedovertimessocurrentlythere

co-existseveralapplications&gamesutilizingeitherQtwidgets,nativeSymbianframeworksorcustomizedUIs.

InWP,youcandevelopapplicationsusingSilverlightPresentationandMediaandXNA

Frameworks,withthesupportofWindowsPhoneFrameworksandCommonBaseClass

Library.Generally,ithasbeenrecommendedthatWPapplicationdevelopersuse

Silverlightforconsumer&businessapplicationsandXNAforgames.

However,youcancertainlydevelopgreatgamesusingSilverlightanimationor

wonderfulrichmediaconsumerapplicationsusingXNAframework.Inaddition,starting

fromWPOS7.1,itisalsopossibletomixSilverlightandXNAcontentinthesame

application.

ThefollowingtablesummarizescommonarchetypesofWindowsPhoneapplicationsand

theircounterpartsinSymbianQt.

SymbianQtapplications WindowsPhoneapplications

SymbiannativeorSymbianQtQuick

&Qtwidgetapplicationswithstackor

tabbasednavigationbetweenpages

Silverlightconsumerandbusinessapplications

withpagesconnectedbyflows

SymbianQtQuickorcustomizedUI

gameswithOpenGL-ES2Dand3D

graphics

XNAgameswith2D/3DgraphicsandXBOX

connectivity

SymbianandWindowsPhoneapplicationarchetypes

SeeSilverlightandXNAframeworksforWindowsPhoneformoreinformationabout

usingSilverlightandXNAinWPapplicationdevelopment.

Note:AdvertisementscanbepublishedbothinSilverlightandXNAbasedapplications

throughMicrosoftAdvertisingSDK.

SilverlightPresentationandMedia

Fordevelopingrichandevent-driveninternetapplication–styleconsumerandbusiness

applicationsinWP,Silverlightisthepreferredoption.

ComparabletothedeclarativeQMLuserinterfacelanguageusedinQt,Silverlightusesa

declarativelanguagecalledExtensibleApplicationMarkupLanguage(XAML)tospecify




http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/advertising-mobile-windows-phone-7-sdk(v=MSADS.20).aspx









userinterfaces.Youcanuseseparatecode-behindfiles,writteninC#orVB.NET,to

respondtoeventsormanipulatethecontrols.

AlargesetofSilverlightUIcontrolsisspecificallydesignedfortheWPOSlookandfeel

andsupportmulti-touch.Silverlightalsoprovideshighperformanceaudioandvideo.It

supportsbothvectorandbitmapgraphicswithhardwareacceleration.

BubbleLevelSilverlightisabasicexampleofaSilverlightapplication.Itdemonstratesthe

usageofaccelerometersensortocalculatetheinclinationofthedeviceandpresentsthis

asatraditionalbubblelevel.BubbleLevelSilverlightisaWPSilverlightportofasimilar

SymbianQtapplicationBubbleLevelQt.

ThefollowingemulatorscreenshotsillustratetheuserinterfaceofBubbleLevelSymbian

QtandWPSilverlightversions.

QtSimulatorscreenshotofBubbleLevelSymbianQtUI





WPEmulatorscreenshotofBubbleLevelSilverlightUI

SeeBubbleLevelSilverlightformoreinformationaboutBubbleLevelSilverlightand

portingexperiencesbetweenSymbianQtandWPSilverlight.

http://projects.developer.nokia.com/bubblelevelsilverlight/








XNAFrameworks

Fordevelopinghighperformancegamesenablingimmersiveandfungamingand

entertainmentexperiencesinWP,XNAframeworkisthepreferredoption.

TheXNAframeworkiscomposedofsoftware,servicesandresourcesfocusedon

enablinggamedeveloperstobesuccessfuldevelopingonMicrosoftgamingplatformslikeWindowsPhone,Xbox360,ZuneHDandWindows7.

TheXNAframework,originallydevelopedforXbox,provideshardwareaccelerated2D

and3Drenderingandbitmapgraphics.XNAalsoprovidesgamerservicessuchas

authenticationandconnectivitywithXboxLive,aswellasProfilesandLeaderboards.

MotoTrialRacerXNAisabasicexampleofaXNAgame.It’samotorcycleracinggame

demonstratingtheusageofXNAGameStudio4.0andespeciallyBox2D.XNA.MotoTrial

RacerXNAisaWPXNAportofasimilarSymbianQtgameMotoTrialRacerQt.

ThefollowingdevicescreenshotsillustratetheuserinterfaceofMotoTrialRacerSymbian

QtandWPXNAversions.

DevicescreenshotofMotoTrialRacerSymbianQtUI





DevicescreenshotofMotoTrialRacerWPXNAUI

SeeMotoTrialRacerXNAformoreinformationaboutMotoTrialRacerXNAandporting

experiencesbetweenSymbianQtandWPXNA.

WindowsPhoneFrameworks

WindowsPhoneFrameworksdefinecommonbuildingblocksforWPapplications,such

asapplicationframeandpagestructuresandapplicationactivation/deactivationmechanisms.Inaddition,WindowsPhoneFrameworksprovideWPapplicationsthe

interfacetosystemandhardwareresources.

InQt,WebKitbrowserandwidgetscanbeutilizedfordisplayingHTMLandotherweb

content.IfyouneedtouseHTMLinyourWPapplication,youcanusetheWindows

PhoneFrameworksInternetExplorerbasedwebbrowsercontrolforHTMLUI.

WindowsPhoneFrameworkslayeralsoprovidesinterfacestovarioussensors,suchasthe

accelerometer,compassandgyroscope.Cameraaccessisalsoprovided.Asa

comparison,inSymbianQtaccesstodevicesensorsisavailablethroughQtMobility

SensorsAPI.CameraisaccessiblethroughQtMobilityMultimediaAPI.

Microsoftprovidesapushnotificationservice,calledMicrosoftPushNotificationService,

aspartofWindowsPhoneFrameworks.InSymbianQt,real-timepushnotificationscan

beaddedtoclientapplicationsusingQtNotificationsAPI.

http://projects.developer.nokia.com/xnamototrialracer/








CommonBaseClassLibrary

InSymbianQt,commonservicesareavailablethroughavarietyofQtFramework

modulesand,tosmallextent,throughQtQuickandQtMobility.InWP,corresponding

baseservicesareprovidedbyCommonBaseClassLibrary.WPCommonBaseClass

Libraryencapsulatesalargesetofcommonfunctionsandcoreservicessuchasbase

classes,collections,threading,textprocessingandIO.

TheWPCommonBaseClassLibrarylayeralsoincludes:

Networkingstacks:suchasHTTPandtheWindowsCommunicationFoundation

(WCF).WCFprovidesaneasyinterfacewithXMLandSOAPservicesacrossthe

Web,withfeaturessupportingtheXMLdatatransfer,serialization,deserialization

andXMLparsing.

Databasesupport:OneofthenewfeaturesinWPOS7.1issupportforlocalSQL

databases.YoucanwriteSQL-likequeriesinC#usingLanguageIntegratedQuery

(LINQ)toqueryXMLdata,storedinisolatedstorageorinremotedatabasessuch

asSQLAzure.





SummaryInthischapterwelookedattheWPoverallarchitectureandapplicationdevelopment

frameworkscomparedtothecorrespondingSymbianQtandSymbiannative

programmingmodules.NowthatyouhaveanoverallpictureoftheWPplatformanda

high-levelideaofhowtheWPprogrammingframeworksmaptotheSymbianQtandSymbiannativeprogrammingmodules,it’stimetogooneleveldeeper.Inthenext

chapter,wewilllookattheapplicationdesignanduserinterfaceguidelinesofWP

applications.

RelatedResourcesTolearnmoreaboutthetopicscoveredinthisblog,visit:

AppHub–CentralPlaceforWindowsPhonedevelopment.Gettingstarted,

downloadtoolsandreadallaboutWindowsPhonedevelopment

MIX’10presentationonWindowsPhone7ArchitecturebyIstvanCseri

WindowsPhone7DevelopmentforAbsoluteBeginners.Videoseriesthatwill

helpaspiringWindowsPhone7developersgetstarted.

AppHubJumpStartTutorials

IntroductiontoWP7programmingonCodeproject.com

OtherResourcesyoumayfinduseful:

OverviewoftheWindowsPhone7ApplicationPlatform

WindowsPhone7TeamBlog

WindowsPhoneProgramming





http://live.visitmix.com/MIX10/Sessions/CL18


http://channel9.msdn.com/Series/Windows-Phone-7-Development-for-Absolute-Beginners


http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/article/wp7_jump_start


http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/108022/Introduction-to-Windows-Phone-Programming-Part-1.aspx




http://www.microsoft.com/windowsphone/en-us/default.aspx














Chapter2:WindowsPhoneApplicationDesignGuidelines 17

Chapter2:WindowsPhoneApplication

DesignGuidelines

Microsoft’sWindowsPhone(WP)usesanoveldesignsystemcalledMetro.Whenyou

takeafirstlookatWPstartscreenandWPdesignconcepts,youwillfindsome

differencescomparedtotheSymbianQtdesignyouarefamiliarwith.WPMetro

concentratesoncleanandsimpledesignthatoperatesquickly,surfacesnewinformation

automatically,integratesinteractionsdirectlywithcontentandemphasizesoncolorand

typography.

IncontrasttotheapplicationandmodulefocuseddesignofSymbianQt,WPusesan

information-centricdesign.Insteadofadynamicandcustomizablearrayofapplication

iconsandshortcutsinSymbianQthomescreen,thestartscreenofaWPconsistsof

dynamictilesthatdisplayinformationataglancetotheuser.

Thetilesaredynamicandtheycontinuouslydisplaytheup-to-datestatusofthe

applications.Forexample,theyshowyouthenextappointmentonyourcalendarorthe

numberofnewemailswaitingforyourattention.Userscanpersonalizetheirphonesby

pinningthetilesthattheycaremostabout.

WPalsointroducesanewparadigmcalledhubs.Hubsbringrelatedinformation

together.Therearesixhubs:People,Pictures,Music+Videos,Marketplace,Officeand

Games.ThePeoplehub,inthepictureshownbelow,aggregatesyouraddressbook

contactsandFacebookfriends.

WindowsPhonePeoplehub

http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=189338



http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh202905(v=VS.92).aspx



http://www.microsoft.com/windowsphone/en-us/features/default.aspx#start-screen-live-tiles


http://www.microsoft.com/windowsphone/en-us/features/default.aspx#people-hub











DesigningaWindowsPhoneApplicationAsaSymbianQtdeveloperyouarewellawarethattherecommendedapplication

developmentframeworkinSymbianisQtQuick.However,theSymbianplatformhas

evolvedovertimesoatthemomentseveralapplicationsandgamesstillutilizeQt

widgets,nativeSymbianframeworks&developmentguidelinesandevencustomizedcomponents&designconcepts.Inthischapter,thecomparisonsbetweenSymbianQt

andWPapplicationdesignaremostlyfromtheQtQuickframeworkperspective.

GeneralApplicationDesignprinciples

EventhoughthenewlyintroducedQtQuickcomponentsbroughtmoremobiledevice

focusedapproachtoSymbianQtdevelopment,thecross-platformnatureofQt

FrameworkaddsanewdimensiontoapplicationdesignonSymbianQtcomparedto

WP.

WhilethedesignoftheWPapplicationisdifferentfromthatoftheSymbianQt,thecoredesignprinciplesareverysimilar.CommontoapplicationdevelopmentinSymbianQt

andothermobileplatforms,inWPyouneedtokeepinmindthecompactscreen,lower

CPU,limitedmemoryandgeneralchallenges&possibilitiesofmobilitywhiledesigning

theapplications.

However,usabilityistheprimarygoalbehindapplicationdesignonbothSymbianQt

andWPplatforms.Theapplicationneedtobesimpleandfocusonkeyscenariosthat

mostuserscareabout.SeeSymbiandesignguidelines andUserexperienceDesign

GuidelinesforWindowsPhone formoreinformationaboutgeneralapplicationdesign

principles.

VisualElementsandDirectManipulation

SimilartoSymbianQt,visualelementsanddirectmanipulationofobjectsbytouchare

thekeycharacteristicsoftheWPapplication.WPprovidesacompletesetofUIcontrols

designedforthephone.InSymbianQt,QtQuickcomponentsareoptimizedforsmall

screenhandhelddeviceswhereasotherQtFrameworkUIcontrolsaredesignedforcross-

platformusage.

WPutilizesalargesetofcoresingletouchandmulti-touchgesturesincludingtap,

doubletap,pan,flick,‘touchandhold’and‘pinchandstretch’.WPtouchgesturesaresemanticallysimilartothegesturessupportedinSymbianQt.Visualandinteraction

designplayakeyroleindevelopingsuccessfulWPapplications.

http://www.developer.nokia.com/Resources/Library/Symbian_Design_Guidelines/index.html














WindowsPhoneApplicationStructureWPapplicationstructureisbasedonaSilverlightpagemodelwhereuserscannavigate

forwardthroughdifferentviewsofcontentvialinksandmovebackwardusingthe

hardwareBackbutton.

TherearetwodefinitionsinthecontextoftheSilverlightforWindowsPhonepagemodel:

Page:auser-recognizablecollectionofpersistentstatecontaininginformation,

memorablecontentorlinks

Screen:ageneralUIscreensuchasapop-upwindow,dialogboxorsplashscreen

thatdoesnotcontainmemorablecontentandisnotauser-recognizable

collectionofpersistentstate.

WindowsPhoneApplicationFrameandPage

WPapplicationvisualstructureconsistsofaframeandpagesthatarethecoreelements

ofSilverlightforWindowsPhonepagemodel.Youcancreateasmanydifferentpagesas

neededtopresentthecontentinyourapplicationandthennavigatebetweenthose

pagesusingtheframe.

AframeintegrateswiththeWindowsPhonelookandfeeltoprovideconsistent

appearancebetweenapplications.EachWPapplicationhasasingleframethatcontains:

Apagewhereapplicationcontentisrendered.Thisisthecontentwherewidgets

orgraphicsarerendered.

Areservedspaceforthesystemtray/statusbarandapplicationbar,exposingalsocertainproperties,suchasscreenorientationoftheapplication.





WindowsPhoneapplicationframeandpage





SilverlightforWindowsPhonepagemodelhaslotsofsimilaritieswiththeSymbianQt

Quickapplicationview,thusmakingthetransitiontoWPUIdevelopmenteasier.For

comparison,thebasicapplicationviewofSymbianQtQuickapplication(illustratedinthe

screenshotbelow)consistsofthefollowingareas:

Statusbar(alsoreferredtoassystemtray)displayingsystemstatusiconsand

feedbacksuchassignalstrength,batterylife,Wi-Ficonnectivityandsystemtime. Contentareareservedforapplication-specificcontrolsanddata.Infull-screen

viewcontentareaistheonlymandatoryviewelement.

Toolbarcontainingabackbutton,amenubuttonanduptotwoadditional

buttonsbetweenthem.

ApplicationviewusingQtQuickcomponents





ForfurthercomparisonbetweenWPandearlierSymbianapplicationviews,theSymbian

styleapplicationviewsconsistofthefollowingareas:

StatusPanedisplayinginformationaboutthecurrentapplicationandaboutthe

generaldevicestatus(suchassignalandbatterystrength).StatusPanecontains

thetitlepane,contextpane,navipane,signalpane,batterypane,clockpaneand

theuniversalindicatorpanesub-panes. MainPanedisplayingtheapplicationcontentandstate.

ControlPanedisplayingthelabelsassociatedwiththetwosoftkeysproviding

navigationandmenus.

ApplicationviewsfromSymbian^3,SymbianAnnaandSymbianBelle





WindowsPhoneApplicationStatusBarandApplicationBar

InWPpagemodel,thereisareservedspaceforthestatusbarandtheapplicationbarin

theapplicationframetopandbottomareas.WPstatusbarandapplicationbar(seethe

picturebelow)havesimilarpurposeandlocationtostatusbarandtoolbarinSymbian

Qt.

TheWPstatusbarincludesindicatorsforavarietyofsystem-levelstatusinformation.The

usermayinteractwiththestatusbar,asitupdatestoprovidedifferentnotificationsand

keeptheuserawareofthingsthatareimportant.

TheWPapplicationbarprovidesaplacetopromoteandlaunchthemostcommon

applicationtasks.Forthelesscommontasks,applicationsmayincludeasinglemenuinto

theapplicationbar.

StatusbarandapplicationbarinWindowsPhoneapplicationarea





TypicalStructureofaWindowsPhoneApplication

ThefollowingdiagramshowsthestructureofatypicalWPdata-boundapplication.

TypicalWindowsPhoneapplicationstructure

Whenstartingtheapplication,theuseriswelcomedwithasplashscreenthatiscreating

aperceptionoffastresponseandgivingtheuserimmediatefeedbackthatthe

applicationislaunching.Splashscreensarefixedsizeimagefiles.Forindicatingprogressinapplicationlaunchingsequence,animatedsplashscreensmaybeused.

Usuallytheapplicationstartswiththehomepagethatisthemainnavigationpage

containinglinksforsearch,settingsandotherpagewidgets.Dependingonthe

applicationrequirements,thehomepagecanalsobetheprimarycontentpageatthe

sametime.

Consideranapplicationthatshowsinformationaboutbaseballteamsandtheirplayers.

Theprimarycontentpage,markedasthewidgetspageintheabovediagram,hasthe

contentofinterest,forexamplealistofallbaseballteams.

Thisisapossibleapplicationusagescenario:

Theuserclicksoneoftheteamlinkstovisittheteamdetailspage(“Widget

DetailsPage”)whichcanprovidemultipleviews.Theteamdetailspagemay

employapivotcontrolorpanoramatodisplaydifferentviewssuchastheteam

summaryandthelistofallplayers(“ListofGadgetsPage”)fromthatteam.





Theuserselectsoneofthebaseballplayers.Accesstoplayerinformationis

restrictedsotheuserneedstogivecredentials(“LoginScreen”)beforethe

applicationtakestheusertothepagewithplayerstatistics(“GadgetDetails

page”).Theplayerstatisticspageusescontrolssuchastextblocks,multi-scale

imagesorothermultimediacontrols.

Theusercanalsousethesearchwidgettosearchanddirectlyaccesstheteampage(“WidgetDetailsPage”)ortheplayerpage(“GadgetDetailsPage”).





WindowsPhoneApplicationUserInterfaceDesignWhiletherearesimilaritiesinthedesignprinciplesoftheapplicationsonSymbianQt

andWPplatforms,paycloseattentiontotheuserinterfaceoftheapplicationforWP.Itis

besttotakeadvantageoftheuniquefeaturesandstrengthsofWPplatform.

Fortheuserinterfacetoprovideaconsistentexperienceacrossapplications,WPapplicationsneedtoadoptthenewUserexperiencedesignguidelinesforWindows

Phone.CorrespondingguidancetoSymbianQtQuickapplicationUIdesignisprovided

inSymbiandesignguidelines.SeeSymbian^3UIstyleguidefordesigningnative

Symbian^3applicationUIs.

QMLandXAML

QtQuickutilizesdeclarativeJavaScript-basedQMLuserinterfacelanguagetodescribe

userinterfacesandtheirbehaviorintermsofQMLelementsandQMLdocuments.

SimilarlyWPutilizesdeclarativeXML-basedXAMLuserinterfacelanguageandXAMLdocumentstodescribeapplicationuserinterfaceandelementsinit.

InQt,QMLdocumentisinstantiatedbytheQtC++applicationinvokingtheQML

runtime.SimilarlyinWP,XAMLactsasaninstantiationlanguage.XAMLcontainsthe

actualcodeneededforUIandXAMLdocumentelementshaveadirectmappingtothe

CommonLanguageRuntime(CLR)objects.EventhandlingandXAMLcontrol

manipulationcanbedoneusingseparatecode-behindfileswritteninCLRlanguage(C#

orVB.NET).

ThefollowingcodesnippetsprovideanexampleofsyntaxusedinSymbianQtQMLand

WindowsPhoneXAMLdocuments.

Button {

anchors {

left: sign.right

right: parent.right

verticalCenter: sign.verticalCenter

margins: (parent.width - (sign.x + sign.width)) / 4

}

height: width

source: "images/calibbutton.png"

mouseAreaScale: 2

smooth: true

onClicked: sign.frontSide = !sign.frontSide

}

ExampleofSymbianQtQMLdocumentsyntax








http://www.developer.nokia.com/info/sw.nokia.com/id/a80c6de9-d56c-472d-af19-7a3eca265f50/Symbian_3_UI_Style_Guide_v1_0_en.pdf.html













<Button Name="CalibrateButton" Width="158" Height="98"

HorizontalAlignment="Right"

Content="Calibrate" Margin="0,0,30,0" BorderThickness="2"

Foreground="Black"

Click="CalibrateButton_Click" Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}">

</Button>

ExampleofWindowsPhoneXAMLdocumentsyntax

Commonfunctionality

WPfeaturesaversatileapplicationbar.Theapplicationbarcanincludeupto4ofthe

mostcommonviewsorapplicationtasks.Youcanalsouseapplicationbarmenusfor

additionalcontext-sensitivetasks.InSymbianQtyoucanusedynamicQtQuickToolbar

toprovidesimilarfunctionalityi.e.menusandcommonlyusedactionsforapplications.Thefollowingtableillustrateshowdevicestatusinformation,navigationfunctionalityand

commonoperationsareprovidedbydifferentviewelementsinSymbianQtQuick,native

SymbianandWPapplications.

SymbianQt

Quick

Symbiannative Functionality WindowsPhone

Statusbar Statuspane Informationabout

device,titles

Statusbar

Pagetitle

Toolbar Controlpaneand

Toolbar

Navigation,Menus,

Buttonsforviewsor

actions

Backbuttonforback

navigation

Tabbar Navipane

Viewandactionson

Applicationbar

SymbianQtQuick,SymbiannativeandWindowsPhoneviewelements

Navigation

OnWP,theusernavigatesforwardbylaunchingapplicationsfromtheInstalled

ApplicationslistorfromaTileonStartscreeninadditiontoothermeans,suchas





tappingonatoastnotificationassociatedwithanapplication.WP7.1OSaddstheability

toswitchtoapreviouslyrunningapplicationbypressingandholdingthehardwareBack

button,inasimilarfashiontoSymbianQtapplicationswitchingmechanismthrough

hardwareHome/Menubutton.

TypicalSymbianQtapplicationconsistsofpagesthatcanbenavigatedthroughusing

tabs,GUIcontrols,softkeysandtoolbars.InSymbianQt,hardwarebuttonsarelinkedtosoftkeysthataredisplayedinToolbar(inControlpaneinnativeSymbianstyle

applications).Softkeyscanbeutilizedandconfiguredtosupportcommonnavigation

functions,suchasBack.

TypicalWPapplicationisacollectionofmultiplepageswheretheusernavigatesthrough

differentActivitiesusingwidgetssuchasbuttonsandlinks.OnWP,thehardwareBack

buttonallowstheusertonavigatebackwardsthroughthepagesofarunningapplication

orthroughthestackofpreviouslyrunningapplications.TheBackbuttonalsocloses

menusanddialogs.ThisWPfunctionalityissimilartonavigationusingBackbuttonin

SymbianQtToolbar.

AsaWPdeveloper,youshouldconsiderwhattheBackbuttonmeanstoyouruserand

plantooverrideitappropriately.TheothertwohardwarebuttonsontheWPphone,

namelySearchandHome,havefixedbehavior.

ControlsandtheApplicationInterface

TheWPdevelopmenttoolsandSDKincludearichcollectionofSilverlightcontrolsthat

aredesignedspecificallyforusabilityandaesthetics.Whileyoucancreateyourown

controls,itisbesttousethestandardcontrolswhereverpossible.Thesestandard

controlsrespondtothemechangesandprovideaconsistentuserinterface.

TherearesomesimilaritiesandsomedifferencesbetweenSymbianQtandWPSilverlight

controls.InSymbianQt,therecommendedGUIcontrolsareQtQuickcomponentsand

thesupportingQMLelements.

AnotheroptionforGUIcontrolsinSymbianQtapplications,Qtwidgets,isstillutilizedon

someapplications.However,QtwidgetsarenotrecommendedforQtmobileapplication

developmentanymore.

ThefollowingtableshowsexamplesofcommonSymbianQtQuickcontrols(i.e.QtQuick

componentsandQMLelements)mappedtotheirWPSilverlightcounterparts.






http://doc.qt.nokia.com/4.7/qdeclarativeelements.html












AnothernotificationmechanisminWPistoastnotificationsthatprovidetimesensitive

information,suchasanSMS.Thetoastnotificationsareshownontopofthescreenfor

about10seconds,buttheusermaychoosetoignorethem.InSymbianQt,similartimer

basednotificationisinfobanner,thatisdisplayedontopoftheactiveapplication.

ThirdnotificationmechanisminWPisrawnotificationsthataredesignedtobeusedin

runningapplicationsandrequireuseraction.SimilarnotificationmechanisminSymbianQtisdialogsthatcontaintextualinformationaboutthenotification,buttonsfor

acceptingauserresponseanddescriptiveiconstoreflectthenatureofthenotification.

WindowsPhoneApplicationDevelopmentTemplatesQtCreatorprovidesafewstandardprojecttemplatesandallowscreationofcustom

projecttemplatesforsettingupbasicQtQuickandQtapplications.VisualStudio

providesnumerousbuilt-intemplatesforWPapplicationdevelopmenttosupport

applicationbasicdesign,thusmakingyourlifeeasier.

YoucanchoosetheWindowsPhoneapplicationtemplatebasedonthefunctionalityof

theapplicationyouaredeveloping.Forexample,theXNA-basedGameapplication

templategivesyourapplicationafoundationtoprovidegame-likefeaturesandmedia

suchasOpenGLESgraphics.





SummaryInthischapterwelookedatthesimilaritiesanddifferenceswhendesigningapplications

forSymbianQtandWPplatforms.WhenyouplanyourWPapplication,youwillbeable

toleverageyourexistingworkandprogramminglogicfromSymbianQtQuick

applications.Inaddition,wecomparedthegeneralstructuresandconceptsinSymbianQtandWP

applicationuserinterfacedevelopmentandintroducedtheWPMetrodesignthatuses

WPinterfaceguidelines.YoualsofoundoutthattheWPSilverlightoffersalargelibrary

ofUIcontrolsandgesturesthathavesomecounterpartsinSymbianQtplatform.

RelatedResourcesTogodeeperintothetopicdiscussed,visit:

WindowsPhoneUserExperienceDesignGuidelines WindowsPhoneDeveloperTools

SilverlightforWindowsPhonetoolkitonCodePlex

DesignresourcesforWindowsPhone

MetroDesignLanguage

OtherResourcesthatyoumayfinduseful:

ApplicationPageModelforWindowsPhone

FrameandPageNavigationOverviewforWindowsPhone





http://silverlight.codeplex.com/releases/view/52297


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff637515(VS.92).aspx


http://www.microsoft.com/design/toolbox/tutorials/windows-phone-7/metro/


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg278407(v=VS.92).aspx












Chapter3:WindowsPhoneDeveloperandDesignerTools 32

Chapter3:WindowsPhoneDeveloperand

DesignerTools

WiththereleaseoftheWindowsPhone(WP)developertools,Microsoftbringstheuser-

friendly,highproductivityVisualStudioDevelopmentenvironmenttoWP.AsQt

developeryouarefamiliarwithQtCreatorandQtSDKsoyoucanquicklymigratetoWP

developertoolsandworkwithease.

ComparingWindowsPhoneandSymbianQtToolsInSymbianQtapplicationdevelopment,QtCreatorisacross-platformIntegrated

DevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)tailoredtotheneedsofQtapplicationdevelopers.

EquivalentIDEfornativeSymbianC++applicationdevelopmentisCarbidec++integratingdevice&platformspecificSymbianSDKsandemulators.

InWP,VisualStudio2010ExpressforWindowsPhoneprovidesafull-featuredIDEfor

WPapplicationdevelopment.VisualStudio2010facilitatesdesigning,developingand

debuggingofWindowsPhoneapplications.It’sworthnoticingthatVisualStudioandQt

VisualStudioAdd-incanalsobeusedforQtapplicationdevelopment.

OtheressentialWPtoolsthathelpyouthroughthedevelopmentcycleoftheWindows

Phoneapplicationare:

ExpressionBlend

XNAGameStudio

WindowsPhoneEmulator

SilverlightforWindowsPhoneToolkit

VisualStudioandtheotherabove-mentionedWPapplicationdevelopmenttoolsoffer

similarfunctionalitythatisprovidedbyQtCreatorandtheSymbianQtapplication

developmenttools.Thefollowingtablegivesanoverviewofthefunctionalityofthemost

importantdevelopmenttoolsonbothQtandWPplatforms.

http://qt.nokia.com/products/developer-tools/






http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc296227.aspx



http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb200104.aspx
















QtandWindowsPhoneapplicationdevelopmenttools

TheWPtoolsetensuresthattheentireteamofdesigners,developersandtestersfamiliar

withQttoolsetfinditeasytomigratetotheWPdevelopment.

DevelopmentLifeCycleandWindowsPhoneToolsWPtoolsetisdesignedtoaddresstheco-operationandneedsofdifferentmembersin

applicationdevelopmentteam.InasimilarfashiontoQtQuickDesignerandQtCreator

inSymbianQt,ExpressionBlendandVisualStudiofacilitateaclosecollaboration

betweenWPdesignersanddevelopers.

Boththesetoolssharethesamefilestructureandsourcefiles.ExpressionBlenduses

XAMLforUIdesignandtheXAMLisconsumedbyVisualStudio.Thissystemallows

Functionality Audience Qttools WindowsPhonetools

PrimaryUI

design:Colors,

gradientsand

animation

UIdesigners QtQuickDesigner,Qt

Designer

ExpressionBlend

UIdesign UIdesigners

and

programmers

QtQuickDesignerand

QtDesignerintegrated

toQtCreatorIDE

VisualStudio2010

ExpressandExpression

BlendforWindows

Phone

Application

development

(coding)

Programmers QtSDKincludingQt

CreatorIDE

VisualStudio2010

ExpressforWindows

Phone,SilverlightforWindowsPhoneToolkit

Game

development

(coding)

Programmers QtSDKincludingQt

CreatorIDE

XNAGameStudio

Testing/

Emulation

Testers QtSimulatorinQtSDK,

QMLViewer

WindowsPhone

EmulatorinVisual

Studio2010Express

Documentation Development

teamand

stakeholders

Doxygen,QtAssistant NDoc,Sandcastle,

Doxygen,Microsoft

HelpSystem





separationofresponsibilitiesbetweenthedesignerandthedeveloperwhileallowing

themtoworktogetherseamlessly,asillustratedbelow.

WPtoolsetsupportsdevelopmentteamco-operation

ManagingprojectsinVisualStudio2010

LikeQtCreator,VisualStudio2010ExpressforWPisafully-featuredIDE.VisualStudio

2010allowsyouto:

Managetheentirestructureofthedevelopmentproject,thesourceandthe

resourcefiles

Configuretheapplicationcodebase,knownasVisualStudioSolution,asacollectionofprojectsinaseparatefunctionalunit

WithVisualStudio2010,youcanmanagesourcefiles,sharecodeandmanagethework

amongteammembers.VisualStudiointegratesacompilerandadebugger.Youcan

accessboththecompilerandthedebuggereitherfromtheGUIorfromthecommand

line.

CreatinganewbasicSilverlightapplicationwithVisualStudioisstraightforward.Westart

WPdevelopmentbycreatingasimpleShoppingList exampleapplicationstepbystep.

1.

StartVisualStudio2010ExpressforWPfromStartmenu.2. InVisualStudio2010,openFilemenuandclickNewProject.

3. IntheNewProjectdialogbox,chooseVisualC#templatesfromtheInstalled

templates.

4. ChooseSilverlightforWindowsPhonetemplatesandselectWindowsPhone

Application.





5. IntheNametextbox,enternameShoppingList forproject.Selectlocationfor

ShoppingList projectandclickOK .

6. Intheopeningdialog,selectWindowsPhone7.1fromtheTargetWindows

PhoneOSVersiondrop-downlistandclickOK .VisualStudio2010createsthe

newproject.

TheSolutionExplorerpanedisplaysthesolutionthatyoucreated.Thissolutionhasonly

asingleprojectcontainingthesources,resourcesandproperties.

NewWindowsPhoneSilverlightapplicationinVisualStudio

Note:UnlikeQtCreator,VisualStudio2010ExpressforWPdoesnotprovideintegration

withsourcecontrolsystems.TheVisualStudioProfessionaleditionprovidesfeaturessuch

asintegrationwithvarioussourcecontrolsystemslikeSubversion.Youcanalsouse

VisualStudioTeamSystem,whichisdesignedforgreatercommunicationand

collaborationamongthedevelopmentteams.

WindowsPhoneUIDesignToolsTheWPdevelopertoolsforUIdesigninclude:

VisualStudioUIDesigner

ExpressionBlend





AsabasistoapplicationUIdesignandUIdesigntools,WPusesaspecificXMLmarkup

language,XAML,fortheUIspecification.InQtQuick,UIspecificationisconstructed

usingJavaScript-basedQMLUIdefinitionlanguage.

VisualStudioUIDesignerforWindowsPhone

VisualStudioUIDesignerforWPhasasimilarpurposeandsetoffeaturescomparedtotheQtQuickDesigner&QtDesignerintegratedtoQtCreatorsoQtapplication

developerswillfinditeasytouse.

BasicapplicationUIdesignwithVisualStudioUIDesignerissimple.Inourexample

project,themainpagefortheShoppingList application,MainPage.xaml ,isalreadyopen

intheVisualStudioUIDesignerforediting.

Tochangethetitlesoftheapplicationandthecurrentpageandtoaddatextblockto

application’scontentarea,dothefollowing:

1.

Right-clicktheapplicationtitleMYAPPLICATIONinVisualStudioUIDesignerandselectProperties.

2. InthePropertieswindow,selectTextandenterSHOPPINGLIST .

3. Similarly,changethetitleofthepagebyenteringMyList intheTextpropertyof

thepagetitle.

4. DragaTextBlock fromtheToolbox.Placeitontopofthecontentpanel.

5. Updatethetextblock’sTextpropertytoItem.





ApplicationandpagetitlechangedinShoppingList application

TocreatelayoutfortheShoppingList application,dothefollowing:

6. DragaTextBoxfromtheToolboxandplaceitbelowthetextblock.

7. Updatethetextbox’sTextpropertytoemptystring.

8. AbovePropertiestab,clickTextBox1andentertxtItemtochangetheIDofthe

textboxtotxtItem.

9. Resizethetextboxbydraggingitslowerrightcornersothatitswidthis300or

byentering300totextbox’sWidthproperty.

10.DragaButtonfromtheToolboxtotherightofthetextbox.

11.Changethebutton’sContentpropertyto Add anditsIDtobtnAdd .

12.Resizethebuttonsothatitswidthis140.

13.DraganotherTextBoxandplaceitunderneaththetxtItemtextbox.

14.Resizethenewtextboxsothatitcoverstherestofthephonescreen.

15.UpdatetheIDofthenewtextboxtotxtList .

16.UpdatetheTextpropertyofthenewtextboxtoNothinghereyet!.





CompleteUIlayoutforShoppingList application

17.Tostartdebugging,compiletheapplicationandlaunchitbypressingF5orby

clickingStartDebuggingiconinVisualStudio2010.

VisualStudio2010buildstheShoppingList applicationanddeploysittotheWP

Emulatorthatrunstheapplication.YoucanentertextandclickAddbuttonbutthe

applicationdoesnotrespondbecausethereisnoeventhandlingcodeyetforthe

buttonyouinsertedintheprevioussteps.ThefollowingscreenshotillustratesShoppingList applicationlayoutinWPemulator.





ShoppingList applicationlayoutinWPemulator

ExpressionBlendforWindowsPhone

ExpressionBlendforWPisavisualUIdesigntoolthatissuitablefordesigners.QtQuick

DesignerandQtDesignerarecloseequivalentstoExpressionBlendinQtdevelopment

toolset.

ExpressionBlendcanbelauncheddirectlyfromVisualStudio’sviewmenu.With

ExpressionBlend,youcan:

DraganddropUIelementstodesigntheUI

Youcanlayoutthecontrolsaccuratelyuptopixels.Youcaneasilycreateanduse

colorpalettesandgradients

Addspecialeffects,suchasreflectionsandshadows

ImportPhotoshopfilesandotherapplicationresourcestotheWindowsPhone

application

Createfineapplicationbehaviorandanimationswithoutanyprogramming

Thefollowingimageshowsthe ShoppingList applicationXAMLUIinExpressionBlend.





ShoppingList applicationUIinExpressionBlend

ExpressionBlendistargetedforUIdesignersandVisualStudioUIDesignerfor

programmers.ProgrammerscanuseVisualStudioUIDesignertointegratethe

applicationlogictotheUIdesignedwithExpressionBlend.However,VisualStudioUI

DesignercanalsobeusedtodesignUIforapplications.

BothExpressionBlendandVisualStudioUIDesignerhave:

Asinglecontrolsetthatprovidesaccuratefidelitytotheirrun-timevisualrepresentation.Thisfeatureallowsyoutoeasilyvisualizetheapplication.

Sameprojectstructureandsharethesamesourcefilesfordesignersand

developers.

UseorproduceXAML,whichisaSilverlightXMLdeclarativemarkuplanguage

usedforinterfacedesign.Thisfeatureallowsadesignertoworkonthedesign

usingExpressionBlendwhilethedeveloperusesVisualStudiotodesignthelogic

behindtheapplication.Youcanestablishasmoothdesignanddevelopment

workflow.

DevelopingApplicationsinVisualStudioVisualStudiohasasimpletouse,full-featuredandaconfigurablesourceeditor.The

editortoolhasvariousfeaturesthatarefamiliartoQtCreatoreditorusers.Thefeatures

oftheVisualStudioeditorinclude:

Richediting





Formatcode

Auto-completionofcode

Outlineorhidecode

VisualStudioeditoriscustomizable.VisualStudioeditorallowsyoutodefinevarious

keyboardshortcutsorcreateyourownmacros.Macroshelpyoutoautomaterepetitive

actionsbycombiningaseriesofcommandsandinstructions.YoucaneasilycustomizeVisualStudioEditortouseshortcutsandkeyboardcombinationsyouarefamiliarwith.

InQtCreator,eachopenedfileusesapartofthemaineditorwindowthatcanbesplit

horizontallyandvertically.ThedefaulteditorviewinVisualStudiousestabbedwindows

forseparatefiles.Youcanchangethisbehaviortosuityourneeds.Youcanchangethe

wayinwhichvariouswindowsaredockedwithinVisualStudioShell.

Let’sreturntoourShoppingList exampleapplication.ToaddlogictotheShoppingList

application,dothefollowing:

18.Tostopdebuggingandtoclosetherunningapplication,pressShift+F5orclickStopDebuggingiconinVisualStudio2010.

19.DoubleclickAddbuttonofMainPage.xamlinVisualStudioUIDesigner.The

VisualStudioeditoropensupanddisplaysMainPage.xaml.cswithamethod

btnAdd_Click.

VisualStudioEditor

20.ToaddlogicfortheitemsthatareaddedtotheShoppingList application,editthe

btnAdd_Click method.Startbyenteringthefollowingcode:

string tStr = txtItem.Text;





Note:Whenyouenterletters,VisualStudioeditordisplaysthecontext-sensitiveauto-

completiondialogbox.TheVisualStudioequivalentforQtCreatorcodecompletionis

calledContentAssistant.

Auto-completiondialogboxinVisualStudioeditor

Note:YoucanalsoutilizeVSIntelliSenseandCodeSnippetstoenhanceyourcoding

efficiency.VSIntelliSenseandCodeSnippetsareintroducedshortlyinthefollowing

chapters.

VSIntelliSenseinVisualStudioVSIntelliSenseisaVisualStudiofeatureusinghistory,codecontextand.NETreflection

forintelligentauto-completioninVisualStudioeditor.VSIntelliSensecansuggestand

completevariablenames,parameters,classesandmethodnames.VSIntelliSensecan

alsogenerateappropriatecodewhereneeded,asshowninthecodebelow:

Tocompletetheeventhookup,VisualStudiogeneratesanemptystubfortheeventhandlerbutton1_Clickmethod.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hcw1s69b.aspx







CodeSnippetsinVisualStudio

CodeSnippetsinVisualStudioareanequivalenttocodesnippetsinQtCreator.Code

SnippetsallowsyoutoinsertcodefragmentswithafewclicksinVisualStudioeditor.

VisualStudiocontainsalargenumberofsnippets.Thesesnippetshelpyoutocreateown

snippets.Youcanalsocreateanindexandsearchforthecodesnippetsbyusingtheself-

definedterms.

ToaddacodesnippettoShoppingList application,dothefollowing:

21.FocuscursortonewlineinthebtnAdd_Click methodofMainPage.xaml.cs.

22.TostarttheInsertSnippetprompt,pressCTRL+KCTRL+XinVisualStudio

editororselectInsertSnippetfromVisualStudioEditmenu.

23.InsertacodesnippetforifstatementtothecodebyselectingVisualC#

followedbyI.InsertSnippetpromptisillustratedbelow:

CodeSnippetinVisualStudioeditor

24.Theinsertedifstatementcodesnippetcanbeusedtowraptheeventhandling

codeinShoppingList application.

private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{


if (true)

{

}

}





25.EnterthefollowingcodeinthebtnAdd_clickmethodtocompleteevent

handling:

private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{


if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(tStr))

{

if (txtList.Text.== "Nothing here yet")

{

txtList.Text = "";

}

txtList.Text += txtItem.Text + Environment.NewLine;

txtItem.Text = "";

}

}

Note:VisualStudiosupportsvariousrefactoringmechanisms.Youcanselectanypieceof

codeandright-clickthecodetoaccesstherefactoringmenu.

BuildingandDebuggingApplicationsinVisualStudioVisualStudio2010ExpressforWPallowsyoutobuildtheVisualStudiosolutionon

demand.Itallowsyoutoseparatelybuildeachprojecttomakeapartofthecomplete

solution.

VisualStudiousesanXMLbased,declarativebuildsystemcalledMSBuild.MSBuildis

equivalenttocross-platformqmakebuildsysteminQtCreator.Youcanaccessthebuilds

eitherfromtheVisualStudioGUIorbyusingthecommandlineforbatchprocessing.

MSBuildisflexibleandallowsyoutocreateaspecifictargeteitherasadebugbuildoras

areleasebuild.

VisualStudiobuildpropertieswindowisshowninthefollowingscreenshot.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0k6kkbsd.aspx








BuildpropertiesinVisualStudio


TheWPEmulatorprovidesavirtualizedenvironmentinwhichyoucandeploy,debug

andtestapplications.TheWPEmulatorisdesignedtoprovideacomparative

performanceofanactualdeviceandmeetstheperipheralspecificationsrequiredforWP


ToaccesstheWPEmulatorfromVisualStudio,doanyofthefollowing:

Right-clickprojectfileinSolutionExplorerandclickDeploy

PressF5inthekeyboard,thisstartstheEmulatoralongwiththedebugger

PressCTRL+F5,thisstartsonlytheEmulator

Cross-platformemulatorforQtdevelopment,QtSimulator,enablesapplicationrun-time

emulationofseveralmobiledevicesandmultiplemobileplatformssupportingQt.With

QtSimulatoryoucansimulatevarioussystemeventsandconfigureavarietyofglobal

settings,parametersandpropertiesinplatformenvironmentanddevicehardware.WP

hasspecifichardwarerequirementsandspecifictargetplatformsoinWPEmulator

supportforadjustingdevicehardwareparametersislimited.

DebuggingApplications

VisualStudioExpress2010forWindowsPhoneincludesasymbolicdebuggerthatyou

canusewiththeWPEmulatororwitharemotedevice.Oncetheapplicationloadsinto

thedebugger,youcanviewthevariablesoftheapplicationandcontroltheexecution.





VisualStudiodebuggerfunctionalitycorrespondscloselytoQtCreatordebuggerplugin

actingasaninterfacebetweentheQtCreatorcoreandexternalnativedebuggerssuch

astheGNUSymbolicDebugger(GDB),theMicrosoftConsoleDebugger(CDB)anda

QML/JavaScriptdebugger.

Toworkwithdebugger,dothefollowingwithShoppingList exampleapplication:

26.Tostartthedebugger,pressF5

27.IntheShoppingList applicationtextbox,enternapkinsandclickAdd.Refertothe

imagebelow.

TestingShoppingList applicationinWPemulator

Note:Todemonstratedebuggingprocess,“napkins” isaddedafter“Nothinghereyet!”

onpurposeinthisversionoftheShoppingList exampleapplication.

28.StopdebuggingbypressingShift+F5.InVisualStudioeditor,clickthegreen

areatotheleftofthefollowingcodeline.


AnotheroptionistorightclickthecodelineandselectBreakpoint->Insert

Breakpoint.VisualStudioinsertsabreakpointatthatline.





BreakpointinVisualStudioEditor

29.LaunchthedebuggeragainusingF5,entertextintotheShoppingList application

textboxandclickAdd.Whentheapplicationstopstothebreakpointinthe

debugger,restthemousepointerovertxtIteminthecode.

30.Click‘+’iconintheopeningpop-uptoviewthedetailsofvariabletxtItem.

TrackingVariables

YoucanviewthedetailsofthevariablessuchastheType,FieldsandProperties.The

dialogscreenshotbelowshowshowyoucanscrollupanddowntheTypeHierarchyto

inspecttheobjects.





InspectingvariablesinVisualStudio

Youcansetawatchonvariablestokeepthemunderobservationcontinuously.

TotrackvariablesinShoppingList exampleapplication,dothefollowing:

31.Right-clicktxtListandclickAddWatch.TheWatchwindowdisplaysthe

variabletxtList.

32.Click‘+’iconneartxtListtoexpandtxtList.

TrackingvariablesinWatchwindow

33.Toinspectwhythecontroldoesnotenterthefollowingifstatement,pressF10tostepthroughthecode.





if (txtList.Text == "Nothing here yet")

{

txtList.Text = "";

}

YoucanobserveintheWatchwindowthatthevalueoftxtList.Textis

“Nothinghereyet !” .Itgetscomparedwith“Nothinghereyet ” (withoutexclamationpoint),thisisabuginthecode.Modifythecodetoincludethe

exclamationpointincomparison.

if (txtList.Text == "Nothing here yet!")

Note:Whileinthedebugger,youcanusetheVSimmediatemodewhereyoucanwrite

themanagedcodeinstructionstomodifyorviewthevariablesorexecutecodetohelp

withdebugging.

VisualStudioImmediateWindow

34.Oncethecodeisupdated,re-launchthedebuggerbypressingF5.

35.TotesttheShoppingList application,additemstotheShoppinglist.





FullyfunctionalShoppingList applicationinWPemulator

ANoteaboutDebugging

YouwillobservethatyoucaneasilydebugaWPapplicationusingthemanaged

programmingenvironment.ThedebugginginWPapplicationisdoneentirelyatthe

applicationlevelusingtheC#codeandtypes.

Note:The.NETframeworkincludestwoclassescalledDebugandTrace,whichhelpyou

towriterun-timedebugmessagestotheoutputwindow.C#alsosupportsanassert

statement,whichisevaluatedatruntime.Ifthestatementreturnstrue,VisualStudio

doesnotrespond.Butifthestatementreturnsfalse,theprogramentersthedebugger.

WindowsPhoneApplicationDeploymentToolsForaWPdeveloper,themostconvenientwaytotestanapplicationduringdevelopment

phaseistouseVisualStudiotodeployittothevirtualizedenvironmentofWindows

Phoneemulator.WindowsPhoneemulatoraddressesmanydevelopmentandusage

scenarios,butintheendit’snaturallyessentialtohavetheabilitytotestandexecuteapplicationinaphysicalWindowsPhonedevice.





DeployingapplicationstoWindowsPhonedevice

TostartdeployingapplicationsintoWindowsPhonedevice,youneedtoregisteryour

deviceusingWindowsPhone DeveloperRegistrationToolinstalledaspartofWindows

PhoneSDK.Fordeviceregistration,youneedaWindowsLiveIDandavalidAppHub

developeraccountasaprerequisite.Thus,yourdevicemustbeconnectedtoyourhost

computerwhereZuneisinstalledandrunning.

TodeployyourapplicationintoWindowsPhonedevice,youcanuseVisualStudio.For

deployment,youneedaregisteredWindowsPhoneDevicethatmustbeconnectedto

yourhostcomputerwhereZuneisinstalledandrunning.Todeployapplication,just

selecttargetWindowsPhoneDeviceinVisualStudioStandardtoolbar,choose

preferredbuild(DebugorRelease)fromSolutionConfigurationslistboxandpressF5

tostartdeployment.

Note:IfyouareusingVisualStudio2010ExpressforWindowsPhonetodeployyour

applicationtodevice,theSolutionConfigurationslistboxcanbedisplayedinStandard

toolbarbyselectingTools->Settings->ExpertSettings.

AnotheroptiontodeployyourapplicationintoWindowsPhonedeviceistouse

WindowsPhoneApplicationDeploymentToolinstalledaspartofWindowsPhoneSDK.

PrerequisitesareequaltoVisualStudiodevicedeployment.

Note:FordeployingapplicationsthatinteractwithMediaAPI,youshoulduseWindows

PhoneConnectToolfordeviceconnectioninsteadofZune.

SeeDeployingandtestingonyourWindowsPhoneformoreinformationabout

deployingapplicationstodevice.

DistributingapplicationsthroughWindowsPhoneMarketplace

Whenyourapplicationimplementationiscompleted,youcansubmityourapplicationto

theWindowsPhoneMarketplace todistributeittootherWindowsPhoneusers.

WindowsPhoneMarketplaceTestKittool(installedaspartofWindowsPhoneSDK)can

beusedtomakesureyourapplicationmeetstheWindowsPhoneMarketplace

publishingrequirements.

OnceyourapplicationmeetstheprerequisitesforWindowsPhoneMarketplace,youcan

submityourapplicationtoAppHubforWindowsPhoneApplicationcertification.After

thatyourcertifiedapplicationcanbepublished,distributedandmaintainedthrough

WindowsPhoneMarketplace.

In a nutshell, the Windows Phone application distribution lifecycle consists of thefollowing general steps:

1. Register as a Windows Phone Developer in App Hub2. Develop and test your application







http://zune.net/en-US/products/software/download/default.htm

















http://create.msdn.com/en-US/home/about/app_submission_walkthrough















3. Assemble the prerequisites for Windows Phone Application Certification4. Submit your application to App Hub for certification5. Publish your application into the Windows Phone Marketplace6. Add links to your application in the Windows Phone Marketplace Catalog7. Update your application in the Windows Phone Marketplace

SeeDevelopingandpublishingapplicationsoverviewforWindowsPhoneMarketplaceformoreinformationabouthowtopublishyourapplicationstotheWindowsPhone

Marketplace.

WindowsPhoneDocumentationToolsQTCreatorhasanintegratedbrowser-likehelptoolcalledQtAssistantthatcanalsobe

utilizedasanapplication-specificdocumentationtool.However,inmostoftheSymbian

QtapplicationsAPIdocumentationisconstructedutilizingexternaldocumentationtools,

suchasDoxygen,thatcanbeusedstand-aloneorintegratedtoQtCreatorasaplugin.

WPdevelopersbenefitfromMicrosoft’sfeature-richHelpSystemthatisintegratedto

VisualStudioandutilizesbothlocallyinstalledandMSDNOnlinecontent.For

constructingAPIdocumentation,youcanuseexternaldocumentationtoolsorinclude

XMLtagsinspecialcommentfieldsinWPapplicationsourcecodeandVisualStudio

compilercreatesaXMLdocumentationfileforyou.

Note:VisualStudioeditorhasafeaturethatmakesiteasytocreatebasiccode

commentsforXMLdocumentationfile.Placethecursorjustaboveaclassoramember

andtypethe‘ / ’characterthreetimes.VisualStudiocreatesaskeletonforcodecomment

block.Whenyoupressthe‘<'keyfornewtagincodecommentblock,VSIntelliSense

selectorshowsalistofavailablecodecommenttags.

ToaddcommentsandtocreateXMLdocumentationfilefortheShoppingList example

application,dothefollowing:

36.StopdebuggingbypressingShift+F5.InVisualStudioSolutionexplorer,

double-clickMainPage.xaml.cstoopenitupinVisualStudioeditor.

37.FocuscursortothelinebeforebtnAdd_Click methodofMainPage.xaml.csand

typethe‘ / ’characterthreetimes.VisualStudiocreatesthefollowingskeletonfor

methodcommentblock:









Skeletonfor btnAdd_Clickmethodcommentblock

38.Addmethodsummarycommentinside<summary>tagsasillustratedbelow.

Clickthe‘<'keyandselect<code> tagstomarktxtItemandtxtListas

codeinside<summary> tags.





Adding <code> tagsforcodeobjectsinside <summary> tags

39.Completethemethodcommentsbydescribingparametersinside<param>tags

andaddfurthercommentstoShoppingList applicationclassesandmethods.

40.Whenready,right-clickShoppingList applicationprojectfileinVisualStudio

SolutionexplorerandchooseProperties.

41.IntheleftpaneoftheShoppingListpropertieswindow,clickBuild.42.ChecktheXMLdocumentationfilecheckboxandchooseanameandlocation

fortheXMLdocumentationfiletobecreated.

43.BuildyourprojectbypressingF6andVisualStudiocompilercreatestheXML

documentationfile.LocateandviewthegenerateddocumentationfileinXML

format.





XMLdocumentationfileforShoppingList application

Tocreatefinaldocumentationdirectlyfromcodecommentsorfromthecompiler-

generatedXMLdocumentationfile,thereisavarietyoffreedocumentgenerationtools

availablefor.NET,suchas: NDoc

Sandcastle

Doxygen

http://ndoc.sourceforge.net/


http://sandcastle.codeplex.com/


http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/index.html









SummaryInthischapterwelookedattheWindowsPhonetoolsetforapplicationdevelopment.

WPtoolsethassimilaritieswiththeQtdevelopmenttoolssoQtdevelopersfindtheWP

toolseteasytomigrateto.Thefeature-richtoolsinWPtoolsetaredesignedtosupport

everystepintheentireapplicationdevelopmentlifecycle.Thedesign,developmentandtestingtoolsseamlesslysupporttheco-operationofthewholeapplicationdevelopment

team.ThetightintegrationbetweentheWPtoolshelpsyoutostreamlinethedesignand

develop&testtheworkflow.WPtoolsprovideanend-to-endfunctionalityandare

highlycustomizable.

RelatedResources

TogetmoreinformationaboutWindowsPhonedevelopertools,visit:

ExpressionBlend

XNAGameStudio


SilverlightforWindowsPhoneToolkit


Exercise:CreatingWindowsPhoneApplicationswithMicrosoftVisualStudio

Howto:BuildandDeployaWindowsPhoneApplicationUsingVisualStudio

DebuggingWindowsPhoneApplications

DeployingandTestingonYourWindowsPhone









http://c/Users/juvalive/Desktop/APImapping/%E2%80%A2%09http:/msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/wp7trainingcourse_hellophonewp7lab_topic2









http://c/Users/juvalive/Desktop/APImapping/%E2%80%A2%09http:/msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/wp7trainingcourse_hellophonewp7lab_topic2








Chapter4:C#programming 57

Chapter4:C#programming

MicrosoftWindowsPhone(WP)applicationsaredevelopedusingVB.NETorC#

programminglanguagesandcorrespondinglibraries.Inthepreviouschapterwealready

tookafirstlookattheC#programminglanguagewhiledevelopingtheShoppingList

exampleapplicationandgettingfamiliarwiththeWPapplicationdevelopmenttools.

ThischaptermapstheessentialWPC#languagefeaturestothesimilarC++language

featuresinQt.OverviewoftheC#programminglanguageisprovidedandthemost

importantWPC#featuresaredescribedtohelpyouwritesafeandqualitycode.

CommonidiomsandprogrammingconceptsinWPC#arecomparedtoQtC++and,in

addition,examplecodesnippetsareprovidedtohelpyougetfamiliarwithWPC#code

fasterandenhanceproductivity.

OverviewoftheC#programmingC#isanelegantandtype-safeobject-orientedprogramminglanguagethatenables

developerstobuildavarietyofsecureandrobustapplicationsthatrunonthe.NET

Framework.C#syntaxishighlyexpressive,yetitisalsosimpleandeasytolearnto

anyonefamiliarwithC,C++orJava.

C#syntaxsimplifiesmanyofthecomplexitiesofC++andprovidespowerfulfeatures

suchasnullablevaluetypes,enumerations,delegates,lambdaexpressionsanddirect

memoryaccess,whicharenotfoundinJava.C#supportsgenericmethodsandtypes,

whichprovideincreasedtypesafetyandperformance,anditerators,whichenableimplementersofcollectionclassestodefinecustomiterationbehaviorsthataresimpleto

usebyclientcode.Language-IntegratedQuery(LINQ)expressionsmakethestrongly-

typedqueryafirst-classlanguageconstruct

Asanobject-orientedlanguage,C#supportstheconceptsofencapsulation,inheritance

andpolymorphism.Allvariablesandmethods,includingtheMainmethod,the

application'sentrypoint,areencapsulatedwithinclassdefinitions.Aclassmayinherit

directlyfromoneparentclass,butitmayimplementanynumberofinterfaces.Methods

thatoverridevirtualmethodsinaparentclassrequiretheoverridekeywordasawayto

avoidaccidentalredefinition.InC#,astructislikealightweightclass;itisastack-allocatedtypethatcanimplementinterfacesbutdoesnotsupportinheritance.

ThefollowingchaptersgiveanoverviewofWindowsPhoneC#applicationsin.NET

frameworkandtheC#programmingguidelinesandconventions.SeeIntroductiontothe

C#languageforwideroverviewoftheC#programminglanguage.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/z1zx9t92(VS.100).aspx










ManagedProgrammingin.NETframework

InSymbianQt,theC++codeiscompiledandbuiltdirectlytoexecutableforSymbianQt

targetplatform.WPsupportsmanagedprogramminginC#(andVB.NET),asvisualizedin

thefollowingimage:

Managedprogrammingvisualized

InWP,theC#compiler(andsimilarly,theVBcompiler)compilestheC#(orVB.NET)code

toanintermediatelanguage(IL)bytecodethatconformstotheCommonLanguage

Infrastructure(CLI)specification,andtoassociatedmetadata.TheCommonLanguage

Runtime(CLR)executesthebytecode.TheC#usesmetadatatomanagetypesafety,

exceptionhandlingandarraybounds.CLRalsomanagesmemoryandperformsgarbage

collection.

OverviewofaWindowsPhoneC#applicationWPC#applicationscanconsistofoneormore.csfiles.Eachfilecancontainzeroor

morenamespaces.Anamespacecancontaintypessuchasclasses,structs,interfaces,

enumerationsanddelegates,inadditiontoothernamespaces.Thefollowingcode

snippetoutlinesaskeletonforaWPC#applicationcontainingthesebasicelements.







// A skeleton of a C# application

using System;

namespace YourNamespace

{

class YourClass

{

}

struct YourStruct

{

}

interface IYourInterface

{

}

delegate int YourDelegate();

enum YourEnum

{

}

namespace YourNestedNamespace

{

struct YourStruct

{

}

}

class YourMainClass

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

// Your program starts here...

}

}

}





TheC#LanguageSpecificationdoesnotdefineanexplicitcodingstandardforC#

applications.C#codingconventionsdescribesgeneralconventionsandbestpracticesfor

layoutandcodecommentingandprovidesguidelinesforC#languageusage.Common

namingconventionsforC#applicationsarecoveredinGuidelinesforNames.Secure

codingguidelinesanddesignguidelinesforclasslibrariesprovideaunified

programmingmodelthatpromotesquality,securecodeandconsistencyinC#applicationdesign.

IntroductiontotheC#programminglanguageInthischapter,thefollowingessentialidiomsandconceptsofWPC#programming

languageareintroducedandcomparedtotheSymbianQtC++programminglanguage:

ManagedProgramming

Threading

Timers

DataBinding

MemoryManagement

BaseClass

ClassReference

ClassDeclaration

Polymorphism:Baseclass

Polymorphism:Derivedclass

Interfaces:Interface

Interfaces:Implementation

Properties:Definingaproperty Properties:Auto-implementedproperties

Struct

ExceptionHandling

EventHandling

Thefollowingtableaddressestheabove-mentionedessentialprogramminglanguage

idiomsandprovidesaquickcomparisonbetweenWPC#andSymbianQtC++

programminglanguages.Seetheattachedlinksformoreinformationaboutthetopics.

InadditiontoWPC#andSymbianQtC++languages,implementationofsomefeatures

includesusageofUIdescriptionlanguagesXAMLandQMLrespectively.

http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=199552



http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff926074.aspx



http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229002.aspx



http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8a3x2b7f.aspx

















Comparison WindowsPhoneC# SymbianQtC++

Managed

Programming

WPC#codeiscompiledtointermediate

languagebytecodeandmetadata.Byte

codeisexecutedbyTheCommon

LanguageRuntime(CLR)thathandlesmemorymanagementandperforms

destructionofobjectsthroughgarbage

collection.

QtC++codeiscompileddirectlytotarget

platformexecutable,thereisno

intermediatelanguageinbetween.Qt

C++developerisresponsibleformemorymanagement.

Threading

WPC#applicationshavetwothreads,the

UIthreadandthecompositionthread.

TheUIthreadisthemainthreadin

Silverlightapplicationtakingcareofthe

XAMLhandling,first-timedrawingof

visualobjects,pre-framecallbacksand

executingotherusercode.

Thecompositionthreadhandlessome

workthattheUIthreadwouldnormally

handle.Thecompositionthreadcombines

graphicstexturesandpassesthemtothe

GPUfordrawing.Simplestoryboard-

drivenanimationsarealsopassedtoGPU

processingbycompositionthread.

ToavoidblockingthemainUIthread,

applicationdeveloperscanutilize

secondarybackgroundthreadsor

BackgroundWorkerclasstoperform

time-consumingtaskssuchasdownloads

anddatabasetransactions.

Movingdatafrombackgroundthreadto

theUIthreadcanbeimplementedusing

sharedvariablesandanevent,orby

sendinganotificationtotheUIthread

usingDispatcher.BeginInvoke

method.BackgroundWorkerclasshas

ownevent-basedmechanismfor

backgroundprocessing.Readmorefrom:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-

us/library/ff967560(v=vs.92).aspx#BKMK_T

hreads

SymbianQtC++applicationshaveone

mainthreadinwhichmaineventloopis

runningandUIcontrolscanbeaccessed.

UIoperationsareonlyallowedfromthe

applicationmainthread.

Whenasynchronousoperationsarelikely

totakealongtimeandlotofplatformresources,usageofQt’splatform-

independentQThreadthreadsseparately

maybeagoodimplementationsolution.

Tocreateathread,subclassQThreadand

re-implementtherun()function.

class MyThread : publicQThread

{

Q_OBJECT

protected:

void run();

};

void MyThread::run()

{

...

}

EventhandlingbetweenSymbianQt

applicationthreadscanbeimplemented

usingasynchronousnotificationsthrough

signalsandslotsmechanism.

Notethatsimilarthreadingsystemisalso

availablethroughQMLWorkerScript

Element.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff967560(v=vs.92).aspx#BKMK_Threads











Timers

TimerclassinWPC#providesasimple

timerthatexecutescallbackmethodsat

specifiedintervals.Timer runsina

differentthreadthantheapplicationmain

UIthreadand,inordertoaccessobjects

oftheUIthread,itisnecessarytoinform

theDispatcherTimeroftheUIthreadusingDispatcher.BeginInvoke .

Toimplementtimerdirectlyintothe

applicationmainUIthread,

DispatcherTimerclasscanbeused.

DispatcherTimertimerisintegrated

intotheDispatcherqueuewhichis

processedataspecifiedintervaloftime

andataspecifiedpriority.

ReadmoreaboutTimerfrom:


us/library/system.threading.timer(v=vs.95).

aspx

ReadmoreaboutDispatchedTimer

from:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-

us/library/system.windows.threading.dispa

tchertimer(v=vs.95).aspx

QObject,thebaseclassofallQtobjects,

providesthebasictimersupportin

SymbianQt.Whenyourapplicationis

runningineventloop,youcanstarta

timerwithQObject::startTimer().

ThemainAPIfortimerfunctionalityis

QTimer .QTimer classprovidesregular

timersthatemitasignalwhenthetimer

fires.

QTimer *timer = newQTimer(this);

connect(timer,SIGNAL(timeout()), this,SLOT(doSomething()));

timer->start(1000);

Thistimermechanismcanalsobeusedin

multithreadedapplicationsi.e.inany

threadthathasaneventloop.

Notethatsimilartimermechanismisalso

availablethroughQMLTimerelement.

Readmorefrom:

http://doc.qt.nokia.com/stable/timers.html

DataBinding

DatabindinginWPC#providesasimple

waytodisplayandinteractwithdata,

allowingdatatoflowbetweentheUIand

adataobject.

Whenabindingisestablishedandthe

datachanges,theUIelementsthatare

boundtothedatacanreflectchanges

automatically.Similarly,changesmadeby

theuserinaUIelementcanbereflected

inthedataobject.

DatabindinginWPC#applicationscan

beimplementedthroughXAMLor

programmaticallywithC#code.

InXAML,thebindingiscreatedusing

Bindingobjectelement.Bindingcan

alsobeexpressedasanXAMLattribute.

Propertybindingisapowerfulfeatureof

SymbianQtthatallowsvaluesofdifferent

elementstobespecifiedinadeclarative

wayandsynchronizedautomatically.It

usessignalstonotifyandupdateother

elements'valueswhenpropertyvaluesare

changed.

PropertybindingsarecreatedinQML

usingthecolon":"beforethevalue,for

example:

Rectangle {

width: parent.width

}

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.threading.timer(v=vs.95).aspx




http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.threading.dispatchertimer(v=vs.95).aspx


















InC#code,bindingcanbecreatedusing

Bindingclass:

//Create the source string

string s = "Hello";

//Create the bindingdescription

Binding b = new Binding("");

b.Mode = BindingMode.OneTime;

b.Source = s;

//Attach the binding to thetarget

MyTextBox.SetBinding(TextBlock.TextProperty, b);

Readmorefrom:


us/library/system.windows.data.binding(v

=vs.95).aspx

Sometimesitisnecessarytobindexplicitly

toapropertyofanobjectthatwasn't

directlyinstantiatedbyQML-generallya

propertyofaclassexportedtoQMLby

C++.

TheQMLelementBindingprovidesa

mechanismtocreatebindingsbetween

propertiesexposedfromC++andvalues

comingfromQML.Forexample:

Binding {

target: system

property: "brightness"

value: slider.value

}

Readmorefrom:

http://doc.qt.nokia.com/latest/propertybin

ding.html

Memory

Management

WPC#valuetypesliveonthestack,

referencetypeobjectsliveontheheap.

InWPC#,thecommonlanguage

runtime'sgarbagecollectormanagesthe

allocationandreleaseofmemoryforanapplication.Fordevelopers,thismeans

that youdonothavetowritecodeto

performmemorymanagementtasks

whenyoudevelopmanagedapplications.

Readmorefrom:


us/library/f144e03t%28v=VS.100%29.aspx

Inadditiontogarbagecollection,

IDisposableinterfacedefinesamethodtoreleaseallocatedresources.

Readmorefrom:


us/library/system.idisposable.aspx

SymbianQtC++objectscanliveinthe

stackorintheheap.Classesthatsupport

implicitsharing(likeQImage)livealways

inheap.

SymbianQtC++doesnothavegarbagecollection.Youhavetorememberto

deleteobjects.

IftheparenttakesownershipoftheQt

C++object;parentwillautomatically

deleteitschildreninitsdestructor:

QObject* object = newQObject(parent);

IftheSymbianQtC++objecthasno

parent,youhavetoremembertodelete

theobject:

QObject* object = newQObject();

delete object;

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.data.binding(v=vs.95).aspx




http://doc.qt.nokia.com/latest/propertybinding.html



http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/f144e03t%28v=VS.100%29.aspx


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.idisposable.aspx
















BaseClass AllclassesinWPC#arederived

implicitlyfromObject.

Readmorefrom:


us/library/system.object%28v=VS.100%29.aspx

QObjectistheheartoftheQtC++

ObjectModel.

Readmorefrom:

http://doc.qt.nokia.com/qobject.html

ClassReference

refkeywordbeforeparametertypein

WPC#methodsignaturemeansthat

referencetoparameteriscopiedtothe

method.Thisreferencestillreferstothe

sameobjectontheheapastheoriginal

referenceusedinthecaller'sargument.

Address addr = new Address();addAddress(ref addr);

void addAddress(ref Addressaddr)

{

Console.WriteLine("Name: {0},Address: {1} added.",addr.name, addr.address);

}

outkeywordbeforeparametertypein

WPC#methodsignaturemeansthat

parametersareonlypassedbacktothe

callingfunction.Youmustassignavalue

toanoutparameterbeforeyourmethod

returns.

Address addr = new Address();

modifyAddress(out addr);

void modifyAddress(out Addressaddr)

{

addr = new Address();

addr.name = "Joe";

QtC++hasimplicitsharing.Implicitly

sharedclassesarebothsafeandefficient

whenpassedasarguments,becauseonly

apointertothedataispassedaround,

andthedataiscopiedonlyifandwhena

functionwritestoit,i.e.copy-on-write.

Readmorefrom:http://doc.qt.nokia.com/implicit-

sharing.html

Classesthatdonotsupportimplicit

sharing,likeyourownclasses,shouldbe

usedinreferenceslikeregularC++

classes.Forexample:

Address* addr = new

Address(this);

addAddress(*addr);

void addAddress(MyAddress&address)

{

}

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.object%28v=VS.100%29.aspx






http://doc.qt.nokia.com/implicit-sharing.html













addr.address = "C# Station";

}

Notethatthereisnopointers(*)inWP

C#.Pointersareallowedinunsafemode

only.

Readmorefrom:


us/library/8f1hz171%28v=VS.100%29.aspx

Class

Declaration

DeclaringaclassinWPC#.

MyObject myObject = newMyObject();

ObjectsarederivedautomaticallyfromObjectbaseclassandautomatically

havedefaultemptyconstructorand

destructor.

NotethatC#doesnotuseheaderfiles;all

codeiswritteninto.csfiles.

// Namespace Declarationusing System;

class MyObject

{

}

DeclaringaclassinQtC++.

MyQObject* myObject = newMyQObject (this);

#include <QObject>class MyQObject : publicQObject

{

Q_OBJECT

public:

MyQObject (QObject*parent = 0);

~ MyQObject ();

}

MyQObject:: MyQObject (QObject*parent):QObject(parent)

{

}

MyQObject::~ MyQObject ()

{

}

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8f1hz171%28v=VS.100%29.aspx









Polymorphism:

Baseclass

ExampleofWPC#baseclass

implementation.

public class DrawingObject

{

// virtual modifierindicates to

// derived classes that theycan

// override this method

public virtual void Draw()

{

}

}

ExampleofQtC++baseclass

implementation.

class DrawingObject : publicQObject

{

public:

DrawingObject(QObject*parent = 0);

// virtual modifierindicates to

// derived classes thatthey can

// override this method

virtual void Draw();

};

Polymorphism:

Derivedclass

ExampleofderivingbaseclassinWPC#.

public class Line :DrawingObject

{

// override modifier allowsa method

// to override the virtualmethod

// of its base class at run-time

public override void Draw()

{

}

}

Notethatmultipleinheritanceisnot

supportedinC#,althoughaclasscan

implementanynumberofinterfaces.

ExampleofderivingbaseclassinQtC++.

class Line : publicDrawingObject

{

public:

Line(QObject* parent =0);

// Overrides the virtualbase class

// method

void Draw();

};





Interfaces:

Interface

ExampleofWPC#interface.

interface ISomeInterface

{

void SomeMethodToImpl();

}

ExampleofQtC++interface.

class ISomeInterface

{

virtual void

SomeMethodToImpl();

};

Interfaces:

Implementatio

n

MyInterfaceImplimplements

ISomeInterfaceinterfaceinWPC#.

class MyInterfaceImpl

: ISomeInterface

{

public void

SomeMethodToImpl()

{

}

}

MyInterfaceImplimplements

ISomeInterfaceinterfaceinQtC++.

class MyInterfaceImpl

: public QObject,ISomeInterface

{

public:

MyInterfaceImpl(QObject*parent=0);

void SomeMethodToImpl();

};

Properties:

Defininga

property

DefiningWPC#property.

public class MyObject

{

private int m_id = 0;

// ID property

public int ID

{

get

{

return m_id;

}

set

{

m_id = value;

}

}

DefiningQtC++property.

class MyObject : public

QObject{

Q_OBJECT

// ID property

Q_PROPERTY(int id READ IDWRITE setID)

public:

MyObject(QObject*parent=0);

int ID() const;

void setID(const int);

private:





}

CallingIDproperty.


myObject.ID = 100;

int i = myObject.ID;

Readmorefrom:


us/library/x9fsa0sw.aspx

int m_id;

};

CallingIDproperty.

MyObject* myObject = newMyObject();

myObject->setID(100);

int i = myObject->ID();

Properties:

Auto-

implemented

properties

WPC#hasAuto-implemented

propertiesthatcanbedeclaredina

singleline.C#compilercreatesthe

backingstorefieldbehindthescenesto

containthepropertyvalue,givingthe

samelogicthatexistswithtraditional

properties,butsavingyoufromhavingto

useallofthesyntaxofthetraditional

property.

public class MyObject

{

public int ID { get; set;}

}

CallingIDproperty.


myObject.ID = 100;

int i = myObject.ID;

Readmorefrom:


us/library/bb384054.aspx

QtC++doesn’thaveAuto-implemented

properties.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x9fsa0sw.aspx














Struct InWPC#,astructisavaluetypewhilea

classisareferencetype.Valuetypeshold

theirvalueinmemorywheretheyare

declared,referencetypesholdareference

toanobjectinmemory.

struct MyStruct

{

// Property in the struct

public int Width { get;set; }

public void SayWidth()

{

}

}

Readmorefrom:


us/library/saxz13w4.aspx

ExampleofQtC++struct.QtC++structs

canhavemethodsbutcannothave

properties.

struct MyStruct

{

// Can't define propertyinto

// struct

//Q_PROPERTY(int widthREAD width WRITE setWidth)

private:

int m_width;

public:

void sayWidth();

int width() const;

void setWidth(const int);

};

void MyStruct::sayWidth()

{

qDebug() << m_width;}

int MyStruct::width() const

{

return m_width;

}

void MyStruct::setWidth(constint w)

{

m_width = w;

}

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/saxz13w4.aspx









Exception

Handling

InWPC#,youcanhandleexceptionsin

try/catch/finallyblocks,for

example:

FileStream inStream = null;

try

{

inStream =File.OpenRead("somefile.txt");

}

catch(Exception ex)

{

Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());

}

finally

{

if (inStream != null)

inStream.Close();

}

Readmorefrom:


us/library/ms229005.aspx

QtC++hassomeexceptionhandling

functionalitybutitisnotfullycompatible

betweenallsupportedplatforms.The

Symbianplatformimplementsitsown

exceptionsystemthatdiffersfromthe

standardC++mechanism.

EventHandling TheeventmodelintheWPC#isbasedon

havinganeventdelegatethatconnects

aneventwithitshandler.Toraisean

event,twoelementsareneeded:delegate

andeventdata.

EventHandlerisapredefineddelegate

andEventArgsisevent’sdata.

Forexample,toassociatethebuttonclickedeventwiththemethodthatwill

handletheevent(OnClick),addan

instanceofthe(EventHandler)

delegatetothe(Click)event.

Qtusessignalandslotmechanism.

Signalsandslotsareusedfor

communicationbetweenobjectsinQt

C++.

Anothermechanismtoreceiveandhandle

eventsistosubclassQObjectandtore-

implementthenecessaryeventhandling

functions.

NotethatQtsignalandslotevent

handlingmechanismisalsoaccessible

throughQMLcode.










// Create Button

Button btn = new Button();

// Create event handler forButton

// Click event

btn.Click+=newEventHandler(OnClick);

public void OnClick(objectsender,EventArgs e){

// Button clicked

}

Readmorefrom


us/library/system.eventhandler.aspx

// Create Button

QPushButton* btn = newQPushButton(this);

// Listen/connect Buttonclicked()

// signal to btnClicked() slot

connect(btn,SIGNAL(clicked()), this,SLOT(btnClicked()));

void MyClass::btnClicked(){

// Slot where Button clickedsignal is

// sent

}

ComparisonbetweenC#andQtC++programminglanguagefundamentals

SeeC#LanguageSpecificationformoredetailsaboutallaspectsoftheC#programming

language.SeeC#ProgrammingGuideformoreinformationaboutC#programming.

DifferencesbetweenC#andQtC++Thefollowingtablesummarizesthemostessentialdifferencesbetweensyntaxand

featuresofC#andQtC++programminglanguages.

DifferencesbetweenC#andQtC++programminglanguages

Inheritance:C#classescanimplementanynumberofinterfaces,butcaninheritfrom

onlyonebaseclass.Furthermore,C#structsdonotsupportinheritance,anddonot

supportexplicitdefaultconstructors(oneisprovidedbydefault).InQtC++,structscan

havemethodsbutcannothaveproperties.

Arrays:InQtC++,arraysareprovidedascontainerclasses.STLcontainerscanalsobe

used.QtC++containershandlearrayobjectsaspointers(excludingcopy-on-write).InC#,arraysareobjectsthatincludemethodsandproperties.ThesyntaxfordeclaringC#

arraysisdifferentfromthatforC++arrays:thetokens"[]"appearfollowingthearray

typeinC#,notthevariable.

Booleans:InQtC++,thebooltypeisessentiallyaninteger.InQML,abooleanisa

binarytrue/falsevalue.InC#,thereisnoconversionbetweenthebooltypeandother

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.eventhandler.aspx





http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/67ef8sbd.aspx











types.

Passingparameters:InQtC++,classesarepassedaspointersthroughimplicitsharing.

Classdataiscopiedonlyifandwhenafunctionwritestoit.InC#,classesarepassedby

referenceandstructsarepassedbyvalueunlessexplicitlypassedbyreferencewiththe

reforoutparametermodifiers.

Theswitchstatement:UnliketheQtC++switchstatement,C#doesnotsupport

fall-throughfromonecaselabeltoanother.

Delegates:C#delegatesareroughlysimilartomethodpointersinQtC++.However,

delegatesaretype-safeandsecure.

Base-classmethods:C#supportsthebasekeywordforcallingtheoverriddenbase

classmembersfromderivedclasses.Also,overridingvirtualorabstractmethodsis

explicitinC#,usingtheoverridekeyword.

Methodhiding:QtC++supportstheimplicit"hiding"ofmethodthroughinheritance.

InC#,youmustusethenewmodifiertoexplicitlyhideinheritedmembers.

Preprocessordirectivesareusedforconditionalcompilation.Noheaderfilesareused

inC#.

Exceptionhandling:C#providesthefinallykeywordtoprovideforcodethatshould

beexecutedregardlessofwhetheranexceptionisthrown.InQtC++,exception

handlingisnotfullycompatiblebetweenallsupportedplatformsanderrorcodesare

usedinsteadofthrowingexceptions.Furthermore,Symbianplatformhasitsown

TRAP/Leave/CleanupStackbasedexceptionhandlingmechanism.

C#operators:C#supportsadditionaloperatorssuchasisandtypeof.Italso

introducesdifferentfunctionalityforsomelogicaloperators.

Thetypedefkeyword:InQtC++,typedefisusedtocreateshorterormore

convenientnamesfortypesthathavealreadybeendeclared.InC#,theusingdirective

providesthiscapability.

Theexternkeyword:InQtC++,externisusedtoimporttypesandfunctions.InC#,externisusedtocreatealiasesforusingdifferentversionsofthesameassembly.

Thestatickeyword:InQtC++,staticcanbeusedbothtodeclareclass-level

entitiesandtodeclaretypesthatarespecifictoamodule.InC#,staticisonlyusedto

declareclass-levelentities.





The MainmethodinC#isdeclareddifferentlyfromthemainfunctioninQtC++.InC#

itiscapitalizedandalwaysstatic.Also,supportforprocessingofcommand-line

argumentsismuchmorerobustinC#.

PointersareallowedinC#,butonlyinunsafemode.

OverloadingoperatorsisperformeddifferentlyinC#.

Strings:InQtC++astringissimplyanarrayofcharacters.InC#,stringsareobjectsthat

supportrobustsearchingmethods.

TheforeachkeywordenablesyoutoiteratethrougharraysandcollectionsinC#.

Globals:InC#,globalmethodsandvariablesarenotsupported.Methodsandvariables

mustbecontainedwithinaclassorstruct.

The#definepreprocessingdirective:InQtC++the#definedirectiveiscommonly

usedtodeclareconstantvalues.InC#the#definedirectivecannotbeusedforthis

purpose.ConstantsinC#arebestdefinedasenumeratedtypes(integralvaluesonly)or

asstaticmembersofaclassorstruct.Ifyouhaveseveralsuchconstants,consider

creatingaseparate"Constants"classtoholdthem.

Importingtypes:InQtC++,typescommontomultiplemodulesareplacedinheader

files.InC#,thisinformationisavailableviametadata.

LocalvariablesinC#cannotbeusedbeforetheyareinitialized.

Memorymanagement:QtC++isnotagarbagecollectedlanguage;memorythatis

notexplicitlyreleaseremainsallocateduntiltheprocessterminates.C#isagarbage

collectedlanguage.

Destructors:C#hasdifferentsyntaxfordeterministicallyreleasingunmanaged

resources.

Constructors:SimilartoQtC++,ifyoudonotprovideaclassconstructorinC#,a

defaultconstructorisautomaticallygeneratedforyou.Thedefaultconstructorinitializes

allthefieldstotheirdefaultvalues.

C#doesnotsupportbitfields.

C#input/outputservicesandformattingrelyontherun-timelibraryofthe.NET

Framework.





InC#,methodparameterscannothavedefaultvalues.Usemethodoverloadsifyou

wanttoachievethesameeffect.

InC#,generictypesandmethodsprovidefortypeparameterizationinawaythatis

similartoC++templatesinQt.Therearesignificantdifferences,however.Forexample,

inC#generictypeinformationispreservedatruntime.

Theaskeywordissimilartoastandardcast,exceptthatratherthanthrowanexception

iftheconversionfails,thereturnvalueisnull.Thisissimilartousingstatic_castin

QtC++,which,unlikedynamic_castinstandardC++,performsnorun-timecheck

andhencedoesnotthrowanexceptiononfailure.QtC++qobject_castfunction

behavessimilarlytothestandardC++dynamic_cast,withtheexceptionthatit

doesn'trequireRTTIsupportanditworksacrossdynamiclibraryboundaries.

C#forC++DevelopersprovidesmoreinformationabouthowtoadapttoC#

developmentasaC++developer.

SummaryInthischapter,welookedatC#programmingfromtheperspectiveofaSymbianQt

C++developer.C#isastronglytyped,object-orientedprogramminglanguagethatuses

staticbinding.ThemostessentialdifferencesbetweenQtC++andC#weredescribed

andvisualizedusingcomparisonsandcodesnippets.However,severalC#conceptsare

similartotheQtC++conceptssotheknowledgeofQtC++andtheobjectoriented

programmingingeneralwillhelpyoutomasterC#quickly.

RelatedResourcesTogodeeperintoC#programminglanguage,visit:

C#forC++Developers

IntroductiontotheC#language

C#LanguageSpecification

C#ProgrammingGuide

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yyaad03b(v=VS.90).aspx


















Chapter5:IntroducingWindowsPhoneApplicationLifeCycle 75

Chapter5:IntroducingWindowsPhone

ApplicationLifeCycle

TheWindowsPhone(WP)executionmodelisdesignedtoimproveuserexperienceby

cuttingdownonresponsetimeandofferingseamlessnavigationamongapplications.

Duetofundamentaldifferencesinapplicationexecutionarchitecture,WPapplication’s

lifecycledifferslargelyfromtheSymbianQtapplication’slifecycle.

ExecutingMultipleApplicationsinWindowsPhoneThefollowingchaptersdescribehowWPOSplatformexecutionmodelcontrolsthe

executionofmultipleWPapplications.

MultitaskinginWindowsPhoneandSymbianQt

Toenableseamlessnavigation,WP7activatesanddeactivatesapplicationsdynamically

bylimitingthephonetorunoneapplicationatatime.WP7prioritizestheforeground

applicationandtombstonesotheropenapplications.

Tombstonedapplicationisnotpreservedinmemory,butinformationaboutthe

applicationstateisstoredandresumedwhenWP7activatestheapplicationagain.This

WP7behaviordiffersfromSymbianQtplatform,whereseveralapplicationsmaybeup

andrunningatthesametimeandtheusermayswitchbetweenactiveapplications.

However,newlyintroducedWP7.1OSarchitectureallowssimultaneousexecutionof

multipleapplications,thusprovidingmultitaskingandapplicationswitchingfunctionality

similartoSymbianQtplatform.InWP7.1OS,applicationsaretypicallyputintoa

dormantstatewhentheusernavigatesawayfromtheapplication.

Inthedormantstate,executionoftheapplication’scodeisstopped,buttheapplication

remainsintactinmemory.Ifanapplicationisdormantandtheusernavigatesbacktothe

application,theapplicationresumesandthestateofeachpageintheapplicationis

automaticallyrestoredtothestatebeforetheusernavigatedaway.

TombstoningofApplicationsinWindowsPhoneTombstoningisaprocessthroughwhichWP7deactivatesanapplicationwhenauser

navigatesawayfromit.WP7keepsarecordofthetombstonedapplicationandstores

thelatestdataandthestateoftheapplication.Iftheuserreturnstoatombstoned

applicationbyusingthehardwareBackbutton,WP7reactivatesthisapplicationandthe

applicationcanusethepreserveddatatorestorestate.





InWP7.1,whenusernavigatesawayfromtheapplication,theoperatingsystemwill

attempttoputtheapplicationintoadormantstate.Dormantstateapplicationscanbe

reactivatedandautomaticallyrestoredtothepreviousstateusingthehardwareBack

button,eitherbyusingnormalpresstoreturntoapplicationorbyusinglongpressto

activatetheapplicationswitchmechanism.WP7.1OSmayalsotombstonedormantstate

applicationsincasessuchasfreeingupmemoryforotherapplications.ThefollowingtablecomparestheapplicationexecutionbehaviorbetweenSymbianQt

andWindowsPhone7&WindowsPhone7.1.

SymbianQt

Behavior

UserActionor

Event

WindowsPhone7

Behavior

WindowsPhone7.1

Behavior

Runningapplication

ismovedtothe

backgroundbutit

remainsactive

Anincoming

phonecallorSMS

Runningapplication

isdeactivatedto

tombstonedstate

Runningapplication

isdeactivatedto

dormantstate

Runningapplication

ismovedtothe

backgroundbutit

remainsactive

Userpressesthe

Homebuttonon

thephone

Runningapplication

isdeactivatedto

tombstonedstate

Runningapplication

isdeactivatedto

dormantstate

Background

applicationismoved

toforegroundwith

thecurrentstate

Userstartsanother

applicationfrom

themultitasking

menu

Multitaskingisnot

supportedinWP7

Dormantstate

applicationismoved

toforegroundand

automatically

restoredto

preserved

applicationstate

Background

applicationismoved

toforegroundwith

thecurrentstate

Usernavigates

between

applicationsusing

theBackbutton

onthephone(ToolbarBack

buttonin

Symbian)

Tombstonedstate

applicationismoved

toforegroundand

restoredtothestate

storedduringdeactivation

Dormantstate

applicationismoved

toforegroundand

automatically

restoredtopreserved

applicationstate

Platformbehavioroncertainuseractionsandphoneevents





LifeCycleEventsofaWindowsPhoneApplicationThischapterintroducestheeventstakingplaceduringthelifecycleofaWPapplication.

Thefollowingpictureillustratesthelife-cycleandstatesofaWPapplication.

Life-cycleandstatetransitionsofaWindowsPhoneapplication

Launching

InWP,theusercanlaunchapplicationsfromtheinstalledApplicationsList,fromatileon

theStartscreen,throughatoastnotificationorthroughmenus.Anapplicationis

launchedwhenitisstartedbyothermeansthannavigatingbacktoitusingthehardware

Backbutton.Whenevertheuserlaunchesanapplication,WPcreatesanewinstanceof

theapplication.

TheLaunchingeventisraisedevenbeforeapplicationisvisibletotheuser.Inthehandler

forthisevent,youshouldexecuteaslittlecodeaspossible.Storingdataorperforming

networkoperationsatthisstatemayincreasethestartuptimeoftheapplication.Forthe

bestperformanceanduserexperience,resource-intensivetasksshouldbeperformedon

abackgroundthreadafteryourapplicationhasloaded.





Running

Afterlaunching,theapplicationgoesintotheRunningstate.Inthisstate,theapplication

managesitsownstateastheusernavigatesthroughthedifferentpagesofthe

application.Applicationcontinuestorununtiltheusernavigatesforwardawayfromthe

applicationorbackwardspastthefirstapplicationpage.

IntheRunningstate,settingsandthepersistentdataaresaved.Thisreducesthedata

thatyouneedtosavewhentheapplication’sstatechanges.However,thedecisionto

savedatainthisstateisoptional.Ifthesizeofthepersisteddataisnotlarge,youdon’t

needtosavethedata.

Closing

YourapplicationcomesacrosstheClosingeventwhentheuserpressesthehardware

Backbuttonwhilelocatedintheapplication’sfirstpage.Inthehandlerforthisevent,you

cansavedatathatshouldpersistacrossinstancestotheisolatedstorage.

Thereisatimelimitof10secondsforapplicationstocompleteallapplicationandpage

navigationevents.Ifthislimitisexceeded,theapplicationisterminated.Forthisreason,

itisagoodideatosavepersistentstateduringRunningstateoftheapplicationand

avoidhavingtodolargeamountsoffileI/OintheClosingeventhandler.

Deactivating

WPdeactivatesyourapplicationinthefollowingscenarios:

Theuseropensanotherapplication

Theuserlocksthephonescreen AneventaccessestheLauncherorChooserAPIs

TheuserpressestheWindowsbuttontoopentheStartscreenonthephone

TheuserpressestheSearchbuttononthephone

InthehandlerforDeactivatedevent,youmustsaveanyapplicationstatesothatitcould

berestoredatalatertime.WindowsPhoneapplicationsareprovidedwiththeState

object,whichisanin-memorydictionaryyoucanusetostoreandrestoreapplication

statewithoutresource-intensivefileoperations.

ItispossibleforanapplicationtobecompletelyterminatedafterDeactivatedevent.

Whenanapplicationisterminated,itsstatedictionaryisnotpreserved.Forthisreason,

youshouldalsostoreanystatethatshouldbepersistedacrossapplicationinstancesto

isolatedstorageduringtheDeactivatedevent.

AftertheDeactivatedeventyourapplicationentersthedormantortombstonedstate.





Activating

TheActivatedeventisraisedwhentheuserreturnstoadormantortombstoned

application.Applicationsshouldchecktheeventargumentstodeterminewhetherthe

applicationisreturningfrombeingindormantorintombstonedstate.

Iftheapplicationisreturningfromdormantstate,thestateofapplicationhasbeenautomaticallypreservedbytheWPoperatingsystem.Iftheapplicationisreturningfrom

tombstonedstate,theapplicationshouldusetheStatedictionarytorestoreitsstate

beforedeactivation.

Applicationsshouldnotperformresource-intensivetaskssuchasloadingfromisolated

storageorusingnetworkresourcesintheActivatedeventhandlerbecauseitincreases

thetimeittakesfortheapplicationtoresume.Instead,theseoperationsshouldbe

performedonabackgroundthreadaftertheapplicationhasbeenactivated.





EventHandlersinWindowsPhoneApplicationsInSymbianQt,eachapplicationhasownprocessandmainthreadthatcontrols

applicationlife-cycle,resourcesandstate.Applicationexecutioniscontrolledinevent

loopbasedondifferentapplication-specificandsystem-wideeventssuchassignalsand

slots,commands,Windowserverevents,systemevents,domain-specificeventsandtouch-specificevents,mostofthemasynchronous.

WPapplicationlife-cycleislargelydifferentfromtheSymbianQtapplicationlife-cycle.In

WP,yourapplicationisintransitionbetweentheactiveandinactivestates.Youcan

implementhandlersforapplication’slife-cycleeventsandpageeventstosaveand

restoreapplication&pagestates.

ThefollowingtableintroducesWPapplicationlife-cycleevents&Pageclassevent

handlermethodscomparedtosomewhatsimilarSymbianQtmethods&events.

WindowsPhoneState

WindowsPhoneApplicationEvents

WindowsPhonePageMethods

SymbianQtEvents

Launching Application_LaunchingInitializeComponent()

QEvent::Applicatio

nActivate event

Running QObject::eventFilt

er eventloop

Deactivated Application_Deactivated

OnNavigatedFrom QEvent::Applicatio

nDeactivate event

Activation Application_Activated OnNavigatedTo QEvent::Applicatio

nActivate event

Closing Application_Closing OnNavigatedFrom QEvent::Applicatio

nDeactivate event

WPapplicationlife-cycleeventsandPageclasseventhandlermethods





InadditiontoWPapplicationlife-cycleeventsandeventhandlersintroducedinthe

previouschapter,WPapplicationpageeventscanbemanagedusingWPpageevent

handlermethods.TheInitializeComponent()methodinWPisusedinthe

constructorofthePageclasstoinitializevariables.Youneedtogetthe

Application_Launchingeventtodefinetheglobalvariablesin

InitializeComponent()method.OftheotherWPpageeventhandlingmethods,OnNavigatedTo isusedinPageclass

whenapagebecomestheactivepageinaframe.Respectively,OnNavigatedFrom

methodisusedwhenapageisnolongertheactivepageinaframe.Thesemethods

havecloserelationshipwithapplicationeventsApplication_Launching,

Application_Deactivated, Application_Activated and

Application_Closing.

TheOnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs) methodinWPiscalledwhenever

theusernavigatestoanapplicationpagei.e.whentheapplicationisfirstlaunched,when

theusernavigatesbetweenthepagesoftheapplicationorwhentheapplicationisre-launchedafterbeingmadedormantortombstoned.Inthismethod,applicationsshould

checkwhetherthepageisanewinstance.Ifitisnot,statedoesnotneedtoberestored.

IfthepageisanewinstanceandthereisdataintheStatedictionaryforthepage,then

thedatashouldbeusedtorestorethestateofthepage’sUI.

TheOnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs) methodinWPiscalledwhenever

theusernavigatesawayfromanapplicationpage,asaresultofnormalpagenavigation

withinyourapplicationorwhentheapplicationisdeactivated.Wheneverthismethodis

called,yourapplicationshouldstorethepagestatesothatitcanberestorediftheuser

returnstothepage.

Implementingapplicationlife-cyclemanagementThischapterillustratestheWPapplicationlife-cyclemanagementandapplication&

pagestatehandlingonapplicationcodelevel.ForthatpurposeweuseourShoppingList

exampleapplication,WPPageclasseventhandlermethodsandIsolatedStoragefor

persistentdata.Purposeofthecodesnippetsistoprovideplainandsimpleexamplesof

IsolatedStorageandPageclasseventhandlermethodusage.

RefertopreviouschaptersandseeExecutionModelOverviewforWindowsPhoneformorecomprehensiveinformationaboutWindowsPhoneapplicationexecutionmodel

andapplication&pageeventhandling.ExecutionModelBestPracticesforWindows

Phoneprovidesusefulhintsandtipsforexecutionmodelimplementationstrategyin

yourownapplications.

SavingtheApplicationandPageStateData















TosavethepersistentstatedataofaWPapplication,youcanuseIsolatedStorage.

IsolatedStorageisasafeapplication-specificstoragespacethatisnotaccessibletoother

applications.AllWPapplicationI/OoperationsarerestrictedtoIsolatedStorageanddo

nothavedirectaccesstotheunderlyingOSfilesystemortotheIsolatedStorageof

otherapplications.ThefollowingpictureillustratestheoptionsforusingIsolatedStorage.

DatatypesthatcanbestoredtoIsolatedStorage

Toimplementthesavingofpersistentapplicationandpagestatedata,youneedto

obtaintheIsolatedStoragefortheapplication.Afterthat,createafileoruseKey/Value

pairsinIsolatedStoragetostorethepersistentstatedata.InourShoppingList example

application,wesavetheshoppinglistdatatoafile.

ToobtainIsolatedStorageandtostoretheshoppinglisttoafile,dothefollowingin

ShoppingList exampleapplication:

44.AddthefollowingusingdirectivestoyourMainPage.xaml.cstoinclude

namespacesforIsolatedStoragehandling:

using System.IO;

using System.IO.IsolatedStorage;

45.Todetermineifthepageisanewinstance,addthefollowingBooleanvariableto

theMainPageclassdefinitioninMainPage.xaml.cs.

public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage

{

bool _isNewPageInstance = false;

46.IntheconstructoroftheMainPageclass,settheisNewInstancevariableto

true.









//Constructor

public MainPage()

{

InitializeComponent();

_isNewPageInstance = true;

TheconstructorwillbecalledonlywhentheuserislaunchingtheShoppingList

application.IftheuserissimplynavigatingbacktotheMainPageof ShoppingList

application,dataisnotrestored.

47.TheOnNavigatedTo methodiscalledwhenevertheusernavigatestoan

applicationpage.Addthe OnNavigatedTo implementationtoMainPage

class.UsetheBooleanvariable_isNewPageInstance todetermineifthepage

isanewinstance.IfthepageisnewandpreviousIsolatedStoragefileexists,

restorethedatafromIsolatedStoragefiletoMainPagetxtListtextbox.Refer

tothecodesnippetbelow.

protected override voidOnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)

{

base.OnNavigatedTo(e);

// If _isNewPageInstance is true, the page constructor has been// called during application launching.

// Application data may need to be restored from the Isolated// Storage.

if (_isNewPageInstance)

{

// Obtain the Isolated Storage for the application.

IsolatedStorageFile myStorage = ewIsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();

// Try to load previously saved data from Isolated Storage.// Check if file exists.

if (myStorage.FileExists("ShoppingList.dat"))

{

// Create StreamReader for Isolated Storage file and

// specify file options.StreamReader myStorageReader = new

StreamReader(myStorage.OpenFile("ShoppingList.dat",FileMode.Open));

// Read the data from Isolated Storage file and output it// to UI.

txtList.Text = myStorageReader.ReadToEnd();

//Close the StreamReader





myStorageReader.Close();

}

}

// Else, if _isNewPageInstance is false, the application is// reactivated. No need to restore application data.

// Set the _isNewPageInstance to false.

_isNewPageInstance = false;

}

48.TheOnNavigatedFrom methodiscalledwhenevertheusernavigatesaway

fromanapplicationpage.Addthe OnNavigatedFrom implementationto

MainPageclass.StoretheMainPagetxtListtextboxdatatoIsolatedStorage

file.Refertothecodesnippetbelow.

protected override voidOnNavigatedFrom(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)

{base.OnNavigatedFrom(e);

// Store the member data to the Isolated Storage, in case the// application is never re-activated.

// Obtain the Isolated Storage for the application.

IsolatedStorageFile myStorage =IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();

// Create StreamWriter for Isolated Storage file and specify file// options.

StreamWriter myStorageWriter = newStreamWriter(myStorage.OpenFile("ShoppingList.dat",FileMode.OpenOrCreate));

// Store the UI data to Isolated Storage file.

myStorageWriter.Write(txtList.Text);

// Close the StreamReader.

myStorageWriter.Close();

}

Note:TomanagetransientapplicationandpagestatedatainWPapplications,useStatepropertyinPhoneApplicationServiceandPhoneApplicationPage classes.Statepropertyisadictionaryusedforsavingandrestoringdataduring

Application_ActivatedandApplication_Deactivatedevents.





SummaryInthischapterwehadalookatthedifferentstatesofapplicationlifecycleinWindows

PhoneandcomparedapplicationexecutionframeworksinSymbianQtandWindows

Phone.Inaddition,WindowsPhoneapplicationlife-cycleeventsandpageeventswere

described.MethodsforeventhandlinginWindowsPhoneapplicationswerealsointroduced,aswellaspracticesforsavingapplicationandpagestatedata,bothtransient

andpersistent.

RelatedResourcesToknowmoreabouttheexecutionmodelforWindowsPhone,visit:

ExecutionModelOverviewforWindowsPhone

ExecutionModelBestPracticesforWindowsPhone

OtherResourcesyoumayfinduseful: Howto:PreserveandRestorePageStateforWindowsPhone

Howto:PreserveandRestoreApplicationStateforWindowsPhone
















Chapter6:PortingApplicationstoWindowsPhone 86

Chapter6:PortingApplicationsto

WindowsPhone

InthepreviouschapterswehavegonethroughthebasicsofWindowsPhone(WP)

applicationdevelopment.YouhavegotanoverviewoftheWPapplicationarchitecture,

applicationdesignprinciples,developmenttoolsandtheC#programminglanguage.

Thefundamentalsareinplaceso,togetfurtherwithWPapplicationdevelopment,the

nextstepcouldwellbeportingyourfavoriteSymbianQtapplicationtoWP.

SymbianQtutilizesQtC++andJavaScriptbasedQMLasapplicationdevelopment

programminglanguageswhereasWPapplicationsareimplementedwithC#/VB.NETand

XMLbasedXAML.Theprogramminglanguagesdiffersocoderewritingisinevitably

requiredwhenportingapplicationsbetweenSymbianQtandWP.

However,therewritingofcodeisnotthattroublesomeafterall.Infact,lotsof

functionalitycanbeimplementedinWPusinglessconfiguringandlesscomplexitythan

inSymbianQt.Forsupport,youcanusetheWPAPIMappingtoolthatisahandytoolto

findoutsimilarpurposeclassesbetweenSymbianQt/QtQuickandWindowsPhone.

Furthermore,therearealotofsimilaritiesandreusablepartsinapplicationdevelopment

modelsbetweenSymbianQtandWPandyoucancertainlyporttheapplicationbusiness

logic.

Tosupportyourportingeffort,thischapterintroducessomeexampleapplicationsfrom

NokiaDeveloperthathavebeenported/rewrittenfromSymbianQttoWPC#.

Screenshots,codesnippetsandquotationsofportingconsiderationsarepresentedand,

inaddition,linkstoapplicationdistributionpagesprovidemoreinformationabout

applicationsandportingexperiencesbetweenSymbianQtandWP.Presentedexample

applicationsserveasvaluableexamplecasesthatsupportapplicationportingand

rewritingconsiderationsbetweenSymbianQtandWP.

RSSReaderExampleApplicationTheQMLRSSReaderExampleApplicationdemonstratestheusageofRSSfeedresources

fromtheInternet.ItcontainsarichUIwithviewnavigation,search,accordionlistandanimations.TheQtQuickUIcomponentsarebeingutilizedfornavigation(PageStack

andToolBar)andfordialogs&buttons.Restofthecustomcomponents&graphicsare

designedtobereusableinotherapplications.RSSReaderusestheQMLlocalstorageto

storethefeedsthattheuserhassubscribed.Theapplicationalsodemonstrateshowthe

graphicalthemecanbeswitchedfromthesettingsview.

http://windowsphone.interoperabilitybridges.com/



https://projects.developer.nokia.com/


http://projects.developer.nokia.com/QMLRSSReader










TheWPC#RSSReaderExampleApplicationisaportfromthecorrespondingSymbian

Qt/QMLexampleapplication,similarlyshowcasingtheusageofRSSfeedsandsomeWP

specificfeatures.Readtheapplicationportingstoryformoreinformation.

ThefollowingscreenshotsillustratesomeUIsofSymbianQtandWPC#RSSReader

exampleapplications.

MainviewofRSSReaderSymbianQtandWPC#versions

http://projects.developer.nokia.com/wprssreader



http://projects.developer.nokia.com/wprssreader/wiki/porting











PivotItem ,theRSSitemsofthefeedareshownverysimilarlytotheQMLversion,ina

scrollablelist.FilteringthelistofitemsontheWindowsPhone7versionisdoneabit

differently;tappingthesearchbuttontakestheusertoanewscreenwiththelistofitems

andatextboxforsearching.Thedecisiontogotoaseparatepageisduetoscreenestate

concerns,astherewouldbeabittoolittleroomfortheactualRSSitemsifthesearchfield

wereonthePivotItem(especiallywhentheon-screenkeyboardisvisible).”

ThefollowingcodesnippetdemonstratesWPC#RSSReaderdatamodeldefinition

(RSSCache)anddatabindinginXAMLdocument.

<Application.Resources>

<local:RSSCache x:Key="RSSPagesDataSource" />

</Application.Resources>

...<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" DataContext="{Binding Source={StaticResourceRSSPagesDataSource}, Path=Cache}">

DinerExampleApplicationTheDinerExampleApplicationdemonstrateshowQMLcanbeusedtobuildasimple,

impressivecatalog-typerestaurantinformationapplicationforSymbianbasedonlocal

XMLdata.Itisstraightforwardtoconverttheapplicationtouseinternetresources

insteadoflocalXML-resources.Theapplicationisdesignedinawaythatitiseasyto

replacethecontentandvisualstylefordifferentrestaurants.TheapplicationutilizestheQtQuickUIcomponentsfornavigation(PageStackandToolBar)andfordialogs,

buttonsandotherGUIcontrols.

Dinerapplicationfeaturestab-basednavigation,usingtheTabGroupandToolBarQt

QuickUIcomponents.TheUIisimplementedusingmostlytheQtQuickprovided

SymbianplatformspecificUIcomponents,butitalsohassomecustomgraphicsandUI

elements,whicharedesignedtobereusableinotherapplications.Thebookingviewalso

introducestheexperimentalcom.nokia.extras-components,namelytheDatePicker

andtheTimePickerdialogs.

TheWPC#DinerExampleApplicationisaportfromthecorrespondingSymbian

Qt/QMLexampleapplication,similarlydemonstratinghowtobuildasimple,catalog-

typeapplicationforWPbasedonlocalXMLdata.Readtheapplicationportingstoryfor

moreinformation.

ThefollowingscreenshotsillustratesomeUIsofSymbianQtandWPC#Dinerexample

applications.

http://projects.developer.nokia.com/QMLRestaurantApp



http://projects.developer.nokia.com/wprestaurantapp



http://projects.developer.nokia.com/wprestaurantapp/wiki/WikiStart










MainviewofDinerSymbianQtandWPC#versions

LocationviewsofDinerSymbianQtandWPC#versions





ReservationviewofDinerSymbianQtandWPC#versions

ThefollowingquotationfromWPC#Dinerportingstorydescribesthedesign

considerationswhenportingDinerfromSymbianQttoWPC#.

“ChangestodesignWhenexaminingQMLDinerapp,itisapparentthatstraight-forwardportingofthe

look&feeltotheWindowsPhoneenvironmentisnotsensible.TheQMLversionfeaturesa

vividcolorthemethatisagainstWindowsPhonedesignguidelines.Also,thenavigation

modeloftheQMLversionisbasedonusingatabbarcontrolforwhichnodirect

equivalentisavailableinWindowsPhone.Thereforeadecisionwasmadenottoattempt

toportthelook&feeloftheapplicationtoWindowsPhone.Insteadanewapplication

thememoreclosetootherWindowsPhoneapplicationswasdesignedandanew

navigationmodelbasedonpanoramacontrolwasintroduced.Theportingaspectofthe

projectwasnotcenteredonlook&feelbutonthefeaturesoftheapplication.Thelook&feelofpanorama-basedapplicationsisdominatedbythebackgroundimageof

thepanorama.Forthisreason,specialattentionwasgiventotheselectionofthe

backgroundimage.TobeinaccordancewiththedarkdefaultthemeofWindowsPhone,a

relativelydark,warm-colored,andrestaurant-themedimagewasselected.Awhitetext

colorwasselectedfortheapplication,alsobecauseofthedarkthemeofWindowsPhone.

Thisselectionofadarkbackgroundimageandoverallthememeansthatthedefault









platformthemeisoverridden:eveniftheuserisusingalightWindowsPhonetheme,Diner

appstillfeaturesadarktheme.

Asasmallerdetail,orientationswitchingisamajordesigngoalintheQMLapplication.In

theWindowsPhoneenvironment,orientationswitchingisrecommendedtobeusedonlyin

viewsthatrequireuserinputwhiletheuser'sdeviceisequippedwithaphysicalkeyboard.

Forthisreason,theWindowsPhoneversionoftheapplicationislockedtoportraitmodeinallviewsexceptfortheviewformakingreservations.”

ThefollowingcodesnippetdemonstrateshowparsingofXMLfilecontainingrestaurant

dataisdoneinWPC#DinerusingLINQ.

XElement menu = doc.Descendants("menu").First();

Restaurant.Categories =

(from category in menu.Descendants("category")

select new Category()

{

Id = category.Attribute("id").Value,

Name = category.Attribute("name").Value,

IconURI = category.Attribute("icon").Value,

Dishes = (from dish in category.Descendants("dish")

select new Dish()

{

Name = dish.Attribute("name").Value,

Text = dish.Value

}).ToList<Dish>()

}).ToList<Category>();

Thefollowingcodesnippetdemonstrateshowloadingandsavingofreservationsinto

IsolatedStoragefileisimplementedinWPC#Diner.

private void LoadReservations()

{

using (IsolatedStorageFile file =IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())

{

using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = newIsolatedStorageFileStream("reservations.dat",





System.IO.FileMode.OpenOrCreate, file))

{

if (stream.Length > 0)

{

DataContractSerializer serializer = newDataContractSerializer(

typeof(ObservableCollection<Reservation>));

Restaurant.Reservations = serializer.ReadObject(stream) asObservableCollection<Reservation>;

}

}

}

}

private void SaveReservations()

{

using (IsolatedStorageFile file =IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())

{

using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = newIsolatedStorageFileStream("reservations.dat",System.IO.FileMode.Create, file))

{

DataContractSerializer serializer = newDataContractSerializer(typeof(ObservableCollection<Reservation>));

serializer.WriteObject(stream, Restaurant.Reservations);

}

}

}

SudokumasterExampleApplicationSudokumasterisalogic-based,combinatorialnumber-placementpuzzlewithnine3x3

gridseachcontainingallthedigitsfrom1to9.Inthebeginningonlysomeofthe

numbersareplacedinthegridsandtheplayerneedstofigureoutthecorrectpositionsforthemissingnumbers.

SudokumasterwasoriginallydevelopedforSymbianplatforms.Lateron,QtQuick

versionoftheSudokumasterwasimplementedandthenQtQuickversionwasrewritten

toWPSilverlightSudokumaster.ReadtheportingstoryofSudokumasterWPSilverlight

versionformoreinformation.

http://www.developer.nokia.com/info/sw.nokia.com/id/d6f6f8d4-06cf-453c-9347-fb12c2541288/S60_Platform_Sudoku_Game_Example_v1_0_en.zip.html



http://projects.developer.nokia.com/qmlsudokumaster




http://projects.developer.nokia.com/sudokumastersilverlight



http://projects.developer.nokia.com/sudokumastersilverlight/wiki/porting














ThefollowingscreenshotsillustratesomeUIsofSymbianQtandWPSilverlight

Sudokumasterexampleapplications.

MainviewsofSudokumasterSymbianQtandWPSilverlightversions





SpinningwaitnoteinSudokumasterSymbianQtandWPSilverlightversions

ThefollowingcodesnippetdemonstrateshowtheSudokumasterpuzzleisgenerated

usingnewthreadfromThreadPoolinWPC#Sudokumaster.

private void NewGame()

{

...

// Display wait note (spinning circle)

waitIndicator.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Visible;

waitIndicator.StartSpin();

...

// Disable databinding while generating puzzle

DataContext = null;

// Puzzle generation takes couple of seconds, do it in another thread

ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(dummy =>

{

// generating puzzle doesn't touch UI so it can run on another thread

game.GeneratePuzzle();





// switching to UI thread to modify UI components

Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>

{

DataContext = game.Model; // let's turn on databinding again

gameTimer.Start();

gameStartTime = DateTime.Now;

gameState = GameState.Ongoing;

UpdateStatus();

waitIndicator.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Collapsed;

waitIndicator.StopSpin();

});

});

...

}

InSymbianQtSudokumaster,newthreadiscreatedusingQMLWorkerScript.

WorkerScript {

id: puzzleWorker

source: "gameLogic.js"

onMessage: {

Functions.numbers = messageObject.board;

empties = messageObject.boardEmpties;

boardChanged();

viewLoader.close();

gameOn = true;

mainBoard.focus = true;

mainTimer.start();

}

}

// gamelogic.js

WorkerScript.onMessage = function(message) {

generatePuzzle(message.rands);

WorkerScript.sendMessage({board: numbers, boardEmpties: empties});

}

Thefollowingcodesnippetsdemonstrat ehowSudokumaster’swaitnoteanimationis

implementedinWPC#XAMLandSymbianQtQMLrespectively.





WPC#XAML:

<Rectangle.Resources>

<Storyboard x:Name="spinAnimation">

<DoubleAnimation

Storyboard.TargetName="Transform"

Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"

By="360"

Duration="0:0:0.5"

AutoReverse="False"

RepeatBehavior="Forever" />

</Storyboard>

</Rectangle.Resources>

SymbianQtQML:NumberAnimation on rotation {

id: animation

loops: Animation.Infinite

from: 0

to: 360

duration: 1500

}

Match’emPokerExampleApplicationMatch'emPokerisarcade-stylematch-Ngamewithpokerhandsinasquare-grid.Player

canchangethepositionoftwocardswithoutanylimitations.Whena"pokerhand"is

formed,itwilldestroyitselffromthelevelandscoresareadded.Blockswilldropifthere

isemptyspacebelowthem.

Match'emPokerwasoriginallyimplementediniOSandportedtoSymbianQtutilizing

QtGameEnablerthatenablestheuseofnativeOpenGLES2.0codewithinaQt

applicationinsteadofQt’sQtOpenGLrendering.SymbianQtMatch'emPokerincludes

theSVGicon,resourcecollectionfiles,gameengineandOpenGLES2.0graphics.

SymbianQtMatch’emPokerwaslaterportedtoWPXNAMatch’emPokerthatusesXNA

GameStudioandSpriteBatchbasedrendering.Theobjectivewastoportthe

applicationwithminimaleffort:reusingalloftheoriginalassetsandmodifyingthecode

aslittleaspossible.ReadtheportingstoryofMatch’emPokerWPXNAversionformore

informationaboutobservationsduringportingeffort.

http://projects.developer.nokia.com/qtgameenabler


https://projects.developer.nokia.com/matchempoker



https://projects.developer.nokia.com/matchempokerxna



https://projects.developer.nokia.com/matchempokerxna/wiki/porting_story













ThefollowingscreenshotsillustratesomegameviewsfromSymbianQtandWPXNA

Match’emPokerexampleapplications.

GameviewsfromMatch'emPokerSymbianQtandWPXNAversions

SummaryInthischapterweinspectedapplicationportingbetweenSymbianQtandWPC#

throughfourexistingexampleporting/rewritingcases.ExampleportingcasescoveredseveralapplicationareaswithinSilverlightandXNAframeworksandincluded

functionalitysuchasapplicationUIcontrols,databinding,navigation,datamanagement,

threading,animationsandgraphics.Applicationdesignportingconsiderationswerealso

presented.

RelatedResourcesToknowmoreaboutthebefore-mentionedandotherexampleapplicationsportedfrom

SymbianQttoWindowsPhone,visit:

NokiaDeveloper:WindowsPhone-Codeexamples


MSDN:PortingYourApplicationtoWindowsPhone

AppHub:PortingYourApporGametoWindowsPhone

NokiaDeveloper:DocumentationandResourcesforWindowsPhone

http://www.developer.nokia.com/Develop/Windows_Phone/Code_examples/


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh394031(v=vs.92).aspx



http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/basics/porting


http://www.developer.nokia.com/Develop/Windows_Phone/Documentation/









Chapter7:WindowsPhoneExampleApplications 99

Chapter7:WindowsPhoneExample

Applications

Aswehaveseeninthepreviouschapters,theWindowsPhone(WP)application

architectureandapplicationdesigndiffersfromtheSymbianQtapplicationarchitecture.

Eventhoughseveralsimilaritiesexistandmanypartsofexistingworkcanbereused

duringtransitionfromSymbianQtC++applicationstoWPC#applications,thereare

alsosomeapplicationareaswherefundamentaldifferencesexistand/orcomparisons

betweenSymbianQtC++andWPC#arehardtoexpress.

Wetrytoaddressthoseareasbyintroducingasetofexampleapplicationsthatassistin

bindingSymbianQtC++andWPC#applicationdevelopmentclosertoeachother.This

chapterpresentsWPC#exampleapplicationsonApplicationUI,deviceintegration,

networkinganddatamanagementarea.FullapplicationcodeisprovidedtoillustrateWP

C#programmingconceptsonbefore-mentionedapplicationareas,inadditionto

showcasingcommonstructuresofWPC#applicationsandtopicsintroducedinthe

previouschapters.

Anotherpurposeistoprovidemorepractical-orientedapproachtothetransitionfrom

SymbianQtC++toWPC#applicationdevelopment.Ready-madeexampleapplications

ofgoodqualityandcoveringseveralusecasesshowyouthepreferredwayof

implementingcertainfeaturesinWPC#applications.

WindowsPhoneGeneralExamplesThefollowingtablelistsgeneralpurposeexampleapplicationsforWindowsPhone.

TheseexampleapplicationandstarterkitsdemonstratemanyessentialfeaturesinWP


Application Description Relatedinformation

ExecutionModel

Sample

Thissampleillustratesatechnique

forpreservingandrestoringUIand

applicationstateastheapplicationisactivatedanddeactivatedbythe

operatingsystem.

ExecutionModelOverviewfor

WindowsPhone

UnitConverterStarter

Kit

Thisstarterkitdemonstrateshow

toapplytheModel-View–

ViewModeldesignpatternin

UnitConverterStarterKitfor

WindowsPhone










http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg442299(v=vs.92).aspx
















WindowsPhoneapplication,how

tooptimizeapplicationstartup

andhowtocreateacontext

sensitivemenu.

LevelStarterKit


tomakeWindowsPhone

application'scolorschemematch

theuser'sthemechoice,howto

makeSilverlightapplication

interactrealisticallywiththe

accelerometerofthephoneand

howtocustomizephone

orientationsensing.

LevelStarterKitforWindows

Phone

TranslatorStarterKit


tocallawebservice,howtousean

XNAFrameworkAPIfromwithina

Silverlightapplicationtoplaya

sound,howtomaintainahistory

listinisolatedstorageandhowto

animateanimageina

ToggleButton.

TranslatorStarterKitforWindows

Phone

WindowsPhoneApplicationUIExamplesThefollowingtablelistsexampleapplicationsfromWindowsPhoneCodeSamples

demonstratinghowtoimplementseveralWPapplicationUIconcepts.


BackStackNavigation

Sample

Thissampleshowshowtovisualize,

inspectandmodifythenavigation

history,orbackstack,ofan

application.Thissampleusesthe

newBackStackpropertyandthe

RemoveBackEntry() method

availableinWindowsPhoneOS7.1.

HowTo:NavigateUsingtheBack

StackforWindowsPhone

















http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh394012.aspx



















ApplicationBarSample

Thissampleenablesyouto

dynamicallytestthedifferent

ApplicationBarproperties,such

asOpacityandModeaswellasdifferentcolors.Thissample

containsapplicationbarcodefora

plainpage,apivotpageanda

panoramapage.

Walkthrough:Creatingan

ApplicationBarTestApplication

forWindowsPhone

Silverlight/XNA

FrameworkSample

ThissamplecombinesSilverlight

andtheXNAFrameworkintoa

singleWindowsPhoneapplication.

Thissampledemonstrateshowto

renderSilverlightcontrolsandtextfromtheXNAFrameworkbyusing

theUIElementRendererclass.

Howto:CombineSilverlightand

theXNAFrameworkinaWindows

PhoneApplication

MyLittleTeapotSample

TileSample


create,updateanddelete

secondaryTiles.TheTileupdates

demonstratehowtoupdatethe

propertiesonboththefrontand

backofaTile.Theupdate

techniquescanalsobeappliedto

ApplicationTiles.

TilesOverviewforWindows

Phone

ShellTileScheduleSample

TileNotification

Sample


updateaTileusingtheMicrosoft

PushNotificationService.This

samplecontainstwoprojects–one

projectfortheclientcodethatsets

uptheWindowsPhonedeviceto

receiveanotificationandanotherprojectthatsendsthenotification

totheMicrosoftPushNotification

Service

PushNotificationsforWindows

Phone

ToastNotificationSample

RawNotificationSample

ScheduledNotification

Sample

Thissampleshowshowtousethe

ScheduledActionServiceto

Howto:CreateAlarmsand

RemindersforWindowsPhone



































































scheduleandmanageReminders.

Remindersaredialogsthatpopup

anddisplayamessagetotheuser

atatimescheduledbythe

applicationthatcreatedthem.

WindowsPhoneDeviceIntegrationExamplesThefollowingtablelistsexampleapplicationsfromWindowsPhoneCodeSamples

demonstratinghowapplicationscanintegratewithdevicehardwareandplatform.


BackgroundAudio

PlayerSample

ThissampleimplementsanAudioPlayerAgentthatallows

audiotoplayevenwhenthe

applicationisnotinthe

foreground.Thisbackgroundagent

willrununderthelockscreen

wheretheusercancontrolthe

audiousingtheuniversalvolume

control(UVC).

Howto:PlayBackgroundAudio

forWindowsPhone

BackgroundAudioOverviewfor

WindowsPhone

DeviceStatusSample

ThissampledemonstrateshowtousetheDeviceStatus,including

accessingthepropertiesofthe

class,todetermineifthepower

sourceofthedevicehaschanged

andtodetermineifaphysical

keyboardhasbeendeployed.

Howto:UsetheDeviceStatus

ClassforWindowsPhone.

BasicCameraSample


activatetheshutterandautofocus

forcamera,howtoconfigure

pictureresolutionandflashsettings

andhowtousethehardware

shutterbutton.Thissamplealso

demonstratestouchfocusanda

front-facingcameraforthedevices

Howto:CreateaBaseCamera

ApplicationforWindowsPhone

CameraColorConversion(YCbCr

toARGB)forWindowsPhone.

Howto:WorkwithGrayscaleina

CameraApplicationforWindows

Phone























































displayingcontactphotos.

LocalDatabaseSample

OnWindowsPhoneOS7.1,you

canuseLINQtoSQLtostore

relationaldatainalocaldatabase

thatresidesinyourapplication’s

isolatedstoragecontainer.This

sampleisato-dolistapplication

thatusesamulti-tablelocal

database.Itemsthatappearinthe

listareadded,updatedanddeleted

fromalocaldatabase,wherethey

willpersistbetweenapplication

launches

Howto:CreateaLocalDatabase

ApplicationwithMVVMfor

WindowsPhone

BingMapsSample


usethebasicfunctionalityofthe

BingMapsSilverlightControlfor

WindowsPhone.

BingMapsSilverlightControlfor

WindowsPhone

LocationService

Sample

Thissampleapplicationreceives

datafromtheMicrosoftLocation

Serviceanddisplaysgeographic

coordinatesofthedevice.

LocationforWindowsPhone

SearchExtensibility

Sample

SearchExtrasareanewwayfor

applicationstoseamlesslyextend

theSearchexperienceonWindows

Phone.Learnhowtointegrateyour

applicationwithsearchresultitem

cards.Thissampleisafictitious

productrecallapplicationthatyou

canlaunchfromtheextraspivot

pageofanitemcardfroma

productsearch.Ifyoudonothave

aWindowsPhoneOS7.1device,

edittheDefaultTaskelementin

theapplicationmanifestto

simulateaSearchExtrascallinthe

SearchExtensibilityOverviewfor

WindowsPhone










































emulator.

WindowsPhoneNetworkingExamplesThefollowingtableintroducestwoexampleapplicationsfromWindowsPhoneCode

Samplesdemonstratingmulticastgroupcommunicationanduseofsockets.


MulticastSockets

Sample


communicateoveramulticastgroup

inaWindowsPhoneapplication.It

implementstheclassicRockPaper

Scissorsgame.Playersjoinamulticastgrouptodiscovereach

other.UDPunicastingisthenused

tochallengeaplayerandplaythe

actualgame.TheUdpAnySourceMulticastClient

classavailableinWindowsPhoneOS

7.1isusedinthissample.

Howto:SendandReceiveDatainaMulticastGroupfor

WindowsPhone.

Tic-Tac-ToeOver

SocketsSample

Thissampledemonstratestheuseof

socketsinaWindowsPhoneapplicationtocommunicatewitha

servicehostedonthenetwork.It

usesthenew

System.Net.Socketsclass

availableonWindowsPhone.

SocketsforWindowsPhone































SummaryInthischapterwetookalookatseveraltypesofWindowsPhoneexampleapplications.

Lotsofessentialfunctionality,featuresandusecaseswithinApplicationUI,device

integration,datamanagementandnetworkingareaswerecoveredwiththesesample

applications.

RelatedResourcesToknowmoreabouttheexampleapplicationsandgetstartedwithapplication

developmentforWindowsPhone,visit:

WindowsPhoneDevelopmentQuickStarts

WindowsPhoneTrainingKit


AppHubcontentcatalog AppHubgamedevelopment




http://create.msdn.com/education/catalog/


http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/gamedevelopment

http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/gamedevelopment







Chapter8:UsingtheAPIMappingTool 107

Chapter8:UsingtheAPIMappingTool

What’stheAPIMappingtoolWindowsPhone7APImappingtoolhelpsdevelopersfindtheirwayaroundwhenthey

discovertheWindowsPhoneplatform.ThinkoftheAPImappingtoolasbeinglikea

translationdictionary.Forexample,let'ssaythatyou'replanningavacationtoFrance.

Sinceyoudon'tspeakthelanguage,you'llbringapockettraveldictionary.Havingthis

toolwillsurelyhelpyoutogetsomeideaaboutwhatyouareorderingfromarestaurant

menubutyou'llhavenoideawhattheactualrecipeis-norwillyoubeabletohavea

conversioninFrenchwiththeserver!Butthat'sagreatlearningtooltomakethefirst

steps.

Withthistool,developerscangrabtheirapps,pickouttheAPIcalls,andquicklylookup

theequivalentclasses,methodsandnotificationeventsinWP7.AdevelopercansearchagivenAPIcallandfindtheequivalentWP7alongwithlinkstotheAPIdocumentations

forbothplatforms.AllWP7APIdocumentationsarepulledinfromtheSilverlight,C#

andXNAsourcesonMSDN.

HowtousethetoolForthisfirstiterationofthemapping,we’vefocusedonthecorelibrariesforQt4.7for

Symbian(QtCore,QtGui,QtLocation,QtNetwork,QtSensors,QtSql,QtXml,QtWebKit,QMLElements,QMLComponents).

Goto:http://wp7mapping.interopbridges.com/

Andyoustartbysimplybrowserthetreeontheleftpane.Oneyou’vereachamapped

item,you’llseeontherightpanetheequivalentclass/method/eventwithlinkstoboth

QtandWindowsPhone7documentation.

http://wp7mapping.interopbridges.com/







QttoWindowsPhoneAPIMappingTool:http://wp7mapping.interopbridges.com/

What'snext?

Ofcourse,thisisaworkinprogress,coveragewillexpandandmoreAPIswillbemappedsoon.So,pleaseconsiderusingthemappingtoolinyourportingefforts,andprovide

feedbackonthededicatedforum,whereyoucanalsosuggestnewmappingAPIsto

include:http://wp7mapping.uservoice.com




http://wp7mapping.uservoice.com/

Documents

Windows Phone Guide for Symbian Qt Application Developers Formated