wind powered electric energy generation

8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation

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Wind Powered Electric EnergyWind Powered Electric Energy

Generation Small GeneratorGeneration Small Generator

EconomicsEconomics David Ryan PE,David Ryan PE,

NCATNCAT

David Ryan PEEnergy Engineer

NCAT


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About the National Center forAbout the National Center for

Appropriate TechnologyAppropriate TechnologyFounded in 1976Championing sustainabletechnologies and helpingpeople, especially economicallydisadvantaged people, to bemore self reliant.Focus on local and simple,sustainable and clean solutionsto energy problems


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What Well be Talking AboutWhat Well be Talking AboutInterconnection or notInterconnection or not

Net metering, net billing, sale to utilitiesNet metering, net billing, sale to utilities

Costs and RevenuesCosts and Revenues

Photos of different wind machinesPhotos of different wind machinesAnswer questionsAnswer questions


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Wind electric generation basics (orWind electric generation basics (or

any electric generation)any electric generation)Identify loads and energy requirements of HostIdentify loads and energy requirements of Host

Estimate fuel costsEstimate fuel costs

Select candidate generator and Balance of SystemSelect candidate generator and Balance of System

If interconnecting, utility agreementIf interconnecting, utility agreement

Identify funding sourcesIdentify funding sources

Calculate economicsCalculate economics


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Power and Energy ConceptsPower and Energy Concepts

All generators have capacity to make power out ofAll generators have capacity to make power out ofsome fuel (energy conversion). KiloWattsome fuel (energy conversion). KiloWatt

Producing this power for a period of time is calledProducing this power for a period of time is calledEnergy. KiloWatt-HourEnergy. KiloWatt-Hour

Voltage is to electric power as height is to waterVoltage is to electric power as height is to waterpower.power.

Current is to electric power as flow rate is to waterCurrent is to electric power as flow rate is to waterpower.power.

There are always losses.There are always losses.


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Power and Energy ConceptsPower and Energy ConceptsWe have to provide the power needed to runWe have to provide the power needed to run

our equipment (pump, lights, whatever).our equipment (pump, lights, whatever).

If we are going to make our own power, weIf we are going to make our own power, we

have to size the generator to meet the powerhave to size the generator to meet the powerrequirements (also called demand of therequirements (also called demand of the

equipment).equipment).

How much of the time the equipment runs thenHow much of the time the equipment runs then

determines how much energy the equipmentdetermines how much energy the equipmentuses, and how much energy the generatoruses, and how much energy the generator

has to make.has to make.


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Power and Energy ConceptsPower and Energy ConceptsWind and solar energy is intermittentWind and solar energy is intermittent

Can use as is, or can be stored in water tank,Can use as is, or can be stored in water tank,

pond, or electric storage batteries.pond, or electric storage batteries.

Larger generators (10 KW+) should be grid tiedLarger generators (10 KW+) should be grid tied

or used with thermal generatorsor used with thermal generators

(reciprocating engines for example) in a(reciprocating engines for example) in ahybrid systemhybrid system


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Identify loads and energyIdentify loads and energy

requirements of Hostrequirements of Host For water pumping, calculate the powerFor water pumping, calculate the power

requirements based on the depth of the wellrequirements based on the depth of the well

and the flow rate needed.and the flow rate needed. KW=.00034*gallons per minute*head/efficiencyKW=.00034*gallons per minute*head/efficiency

KWh=KW*time pump runsKWh=KW*time pump runs


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Identify loads and energyIdentify loads and energy

requirements of Hostrequirements of Host For irrigation systems, energy is based on acreFor irrigation systems, energy is based on acre

feet required, total dynamic head of the system,feet required, total dynamic head of the system,

and the plant efficiencyand the plant efficiency KW=total equipment load/EfficiencyKW=total equipment load/Efficiency

(KWh=acre-feet*1.0241*head/efficiency)(KWh=acre-feet*1.0241*head/efficiency)


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Wind Energy BasicsWind Energy Basics Gotta have windGotta have wind

Gotta have transmissionGotta have transmission

Gotta have a customerGotta have a customer Gotta have financingGotta have financing


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Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and

Wind ResourceWind ResourceHost energy useHost energy use

Energy Usage

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KWh 240000200000

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Wind ResourceWind ResourceGenerator Power CurveGenerator Power Curve


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Wind ResourceWind ResourceWind Frequency DistributionWind Frequency Distribution


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Wind ResourceWind ResourceHand Calculation of Energy ProductionHand Calculation of Energy Production


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Wind Resource Quick andWind Resource Quick and

Dirty VersionDirty VersionSee generator manufacturers web sitesSee generator manufacturers web sites


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Wind ResourceWind ResourceStock wateringStock watering

300 ft well, 2.0 GPM Requires 260 watts -300 ft well, 2.0 GPM Requires 260 watts -

0.26 KWh each hour, 120 GPH 22770.26 KWh each hour, 120 GPH 2277KWh per yearKWh per year

Pick a 1000 watt generatorPick a 1000 watt generator

Use a battery, controller and dump loadUse a battery, controller and dump load


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Cost Analysis ToolsCost Analysis Tools

Small Wind Energy Economic Model 2.0


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Net MeteringNet Metering

On-Grid Larger System (10KW up)

Up to 10 KW on Most Rural Electric CooperativesUp to 50 KW on NorthWestern EnergyGenerator Located on Customer Side of Meter

One Generator per MeterOne Meter per GeneratorRate is same as rate on power bill ($100.00/MWh)Generator Does Not Contribute to Demand Charge (Energy

Only)


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Net Metering PonderablesNet Metering Ponderables

One meter, Two meter questionOne generator, two meter question

What the heck is Retail energy


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Utility Contract QFUtility Contract QF

Qualifying Facility under PURPALimit 10 MW in Montana

Different ways to calculate rateSimplest rate $49.90 per MWH Bigger Machines 65 KW- 1.5 MW+


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ResourcesResources

http://www.nrel.gov/learning/fr_wind.html

http://www.montanagreenpower.com/http://www.northwesternenergy.com/

http://awea.org
http://www.nrel.gov/learning/fr_wind.htmlhttp://www.northwesternenergy.com/http://www.northwesternenergy.com/http://www.nrel.gov/learning/fr_wind.html

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wind powered electric energy generation