Wind Loads on Structures

cover

cover next page >

Start of Citation[PU]John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (UK)[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

title :author :

publisher :isbn10 | asin :print isbn13 :

ebook isbn13 :language :

subject publication date :

lcc :ddc :

subject :cover next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0471956511%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/cover.html8/9/2009 3:43:49 AM

page_iii

< previous page page_iii next page >Page iii

Wind Loads on Structures

Clas Dyrbye

Department of Structural Engineering and Materials Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Svend Ole Hansen

Svend Ole Hansen, Consulting Engineers, Copenhagen, Denmark


< previous page page_iii next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0471...511%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_iii.html8/9/2009 3:43:49 AM

page_iv

< previous page page_iv next page >Page iv

Originally published in Danish as Vindlast pa * brende konstruktioner 1989 Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut

Copyright 1997 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex P019 1UD, England National (01243) 779777 International (+44) 1243 779777

e-mail (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wiley.com

Reprinted with corrections June 1999

All Rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK WIP 9HE, without the permission in writing of the publisher.

Other Wiley Editorial Offices

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, USA

WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Pappelallee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany

Jacaranda Wiley Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia

John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809

John Wiley & Sons (Canada) Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Rexdale, Ontario M9W 1L1, Canada

Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Dyrbye, Clas. Wind loads on structures / Clas Dyrbye, Svend Ole Hansen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 471 95651 1 (alk. paper) 1. Wind-pressure. 2. Structural dynamics. I. Hansen, Svend Ole. II. Title. TA654.5.D97 1996 624.1 '75dc20 96-30346 CIP

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 471 95651 1

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_iv.html (1 of 2)8/9/2009 3:43:50 AM

page_iv

Typeset in 10/12pt Times from the authors' disk by Laser Words, Madras, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd. This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestation, for which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.Start of Citation[PU]John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (UK)[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

< previous page page_iv next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_iv.html (2 of 2)8/9/2009 3:43:50 AM

page_ix

< previous page page_ix next page >Page ix

Preface

This book is intended as a guide for consulting engineers designing wind-exposed structures. It may also be useful for students at an advanced level.

The book started out as an English version of Vindlast pa * brende konstruktioner by the same authors, published in Danish in 1989. However, during the preparation of the manuscript the differences between the Danish edition and the present book evolved considerably. We thank the Danish Building Research Institute for their positive attitude towards this English version.

The authors have received a great deal of help during the preparation of the manuscript. Valuable advice about presenting different aspects of the subject was provided by Professor Erik Hjorth-Hansen at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Mr. Brian W. Smith, senior partner at Flint & Neill Partnership, Consulting Civil and Structural Engineers in the United Kingdom and Lars T. Thorbek B.Sc. at Svend Ole Hansen, Consulting Engineers in Denmark. Time histories of wind velocities measured at selected sites were kindly made available by the Department of Meteorology and Wind Energy at Riso *National Laboratory in Denmark.

Mrs. Esther Martens prepared many of the drawings, Mrs. Inge Sorensen *typed a major part of the manuscript, and Ms. Helen Dyrbye eliminated more than a few linguistic errors. We express our thanks for their important assistance.Start of Citation[PU]John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (UK)[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

< previous page page_ix next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0471...6511%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_ix.html8/9/2009 3:43:50 AM

page_v

< previous page page_v next page >Page v

Contents

Preface ix

Symbols xi

1 Introduction

1

2 Wind Climate

5

2.1 Meterological Classification5

2.2 Global Atmospheric Circulation6

2.3 Geostrophic Wind and Gradient Wind11

2.4 Thermally Generated Secondary Circulation (Typhoons)15

2.5 Local Weather Systems16

3 The Atmospheric Boundary LayerNatural Wind

19

3.1 Turbulent Wind19

3.2 Mean Wind VelocityWind Profile24

3.3 Inhomogeneous Terrain31

3.4 Extreme Winds33

3.5 Wind Turbulence38

3.5.1 Standard deviation of the turbulence components38

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...1%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_v.html (1 of 2)8/9/2009 3:43:50 AM

page_v

3.5.2 Time scales and integral length scales39

3.5.3 Power-spectral density function41

3.5.4 Correlation between turbulence at two points44

3.5.5 Wind turbulence according to Eurocode 148

4 Static Wind Load

49

4.1 Extreme Static Load49

4.2 Wind Load on Buildings50

4.3 Wind Load at a Surface Point-A Mathematical Description55


< previous page page_v next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...1%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_v.html (2 of 2)8/9/2009 3:43:50 AM

page_vi

< previous page page_vi next page >Page vi

4.4 Total Wind Load on a StructureDavenport's Model56

4.5 Aerodynamic Admittance Function61

4.5.1 Normalized co-spectrum of surface pressures61

4.5.2 Line-like areas62

4.5.3 Rectangular areas64

4.6 Peak Factor for a Gaussian Process66

4.7 Internal Wind Load68

4.8 Static Wind Load According to Eurocode 168

4.8.1 Wind pressures68

4.8.2 Global wind forces70

4.8.3 Size-effect factor73

5 Along-wind Response, SDOF Structures

75

5.1 Equivalent Static Load and Dynamic Response75

5.2 Wind Load on Point-like Structures76

5.3 Wind Load on Large Structures77

5.4 Gust Response Factor78

6 The Along-wind Response of Bluff Bodies

79

3:50 AMfile:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_vi.html (1 of 3)8/9/2009 3:4

page_vi

6.1 Assumptions79

6.2 Joint Acceptance Functions and Size Reduction Functions81

6.3 Extreme Structural Response81

6.4 Response of Line-like Structures82

6.4.1 Mean response83

6.4.2 Background turbulent response84

6.4.3 Resonant turbulent response87

6.5 Response of Plate-like Structures91

6.5.1 Mean response91

6.5.2 Background turbulent response92

6.5.3 Resonant turbulent response94

6.5.4 Modes with constant signs95

6.5.5 Modes with changing signs96

6.6 Design Procedures97

6.6.1 Design procedure for mode shapes with constant sign98

6.6.2 Design procedure for mode shapes with changing sign102

6.6.3 Structures with complicated mode shapes104

6.7 Discussion of Eurocode 1106


page_vi

7 Cross-wind Vibrations Induced by Vortex Shedding

109

7.1 Physical Background110

7.2 Vortex Shedding on a Nominally Stationary Structure113

7.3 Crosswind Loading Caused by Structural Motion116


< previous page page_vi next page >


page_vii

< previous page page_vii next page >Page vii

7.4 Vortex Shedding Response Based on the Spectral Model121

7.4.1 Spectral vortex shedding response121

7.4.2 The Canadian code NBC 1990124

7.4.3 The CICIND model code126

7.4.4 Comparison of predicted and observed127

7.5 Vortex Shedding Response Based on the Vortex Resonance Model128

7.5.1 Vortex resonance response128

7.5.2 Eurocode 1130

7.5.3 Comparison between predicted and observed responsesteel structures132

7.6 Design135

7.7 Reduction of Vortex-induced Vibrations136

7.8 Example: A Steel Chimney 60 Metres Tall137

8 Wind Load on Bridges

143

8.1 Mean Wind Load on Bridge Decks145

8.2 Motion-induced Wind Load147

8.2.1 Bridge-deck sections148

8.2.2 Modal loads149

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_vii.html (1 of 3)8/9/2009 3:43:51 AM

page_vii

8.2.3 Aerodynamic derivatives150

8.2.4 Natural frequencies and damping ratios in wind153

8.3 Buffeting Vibrations155

8.4 Coupled Flutter Vibrations161

8.5 Flutter Vibrations of Suspension Bridges During Construction166

8.6 Eurocode 1 Clauses on Bridges172

9 Galloping

173

10 Wind-tunnel Testing

177

10.1 Model Laws178

10.1.1 Froude's model law180

10.1.2 Reynolds' model law180

10.1.3 Jensen's model law183

10.2 Wind-tunnel Technique186

Appendix A Random Variables and Stochastic Processes

191

A.1 One Random Variable191

A.2 Two Random Variables194

A.3 Stochastic Processes196

A.4 Threshold Crossings and Extreme Values202


page_vii


< previous page page_vii next page >


page_viii

< previous page page_viii next page >Page viii

Appendix B Calculation of Multiple Integrals

207

Appendix C Vibrations of Linear Structures

211

C.1 Orthogonality of Mode Shapes211

C.2 Equation of Motion213

C.3 Response to External Loading213

Appendix D Solving Flutter Equations

217

References 221

Index 227


< previous page page_viii next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0471...11%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_viii.html8/9/2009 3:43:51 AM

page_xi

< previous page page_xi next page >Page xi

Symbols

a(t) stochastic amplitude function

A area

A scale parameter

A* aerodynamic derivatives

b length of horizontal structure or bridge-deck width

B spectral bandwidth

cd dynamic coefficient

ce exposure coefficient

cf force coefficient

cpe external pressure coefficient

cpi internal pressure coefficient

ctt topography coefficient

C shape factor

C decay constant

Coh coherence

standard deviation of the normalized lift force CL

d width of structure

E{ } expected value

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_xi.html (1 of 2)8/9/2009 3:43:51 AM

page_xi

f non-dimensional frequency

fc Coriolis parameter

F wind load

Fr Froude number

g acceleration of gravity

g( ) effect influence function

h height of structure

H( ) frequency response function

H* aerodynamic derivatives

I mass moment of inertia

IR( ) response-influence function

Iu turbulence intensity

J2b non-dimensional response variance


< previous page page_xi next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_xi.html (2 of 2)8/9/2009 3:43:51 AM

page_xii

< previous page page_xii next page >Page xii

Je Jensen number

|J( )|2 joint acceptance function

k structural stiffness

k turbulence factor

k( ) co-influence function

kp peak factor

kT terrain factor

K reduced frequency

Ks( ) size reduction function

l length

L integral length scale

m mass

n frequency in Hz

ne natural frequency

ns frequency of vortex shedding

p pressure

p probability of excedance

q velocity pressure

Q( ) generalized fluctuating load

r separation

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0...%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_xii.html (1 of 3)8/9/2009 3:43:51 AM

page_xii

R response

Re Reynolds number

RN non-dimensional power spectral density function

s non-dimensional distance

S( ) spectrum

Sc Scruton number

St Strouhal number

t time

T time interval

T time scale

u fluctuating wind velocity in the wind direction

u* friction velocity

U 10-minute mean wind velocity

Ubas reference wind velocity with return period of 50 years

Ur reduced wind velocity

v fluctuating wind velocity in the lateral direction

w fluctuating wind velocity in the vertical direction

x axis in wind direction

y horizontal axis normal to the wind direction

z vertical axis

z0 roughness length



page_xii

< previous page page_xii next page >


page_xiii

< previous page page_xiii next page >Page xiii

exponent in power law profile

angle

( ) torsional mode shape

def angular rotation of structure

Euler's constant

gl non-dimensional, normalized mass moment of inertia

m non-dimensional, normalized mass

gw frequency ratio

logarithmic decrement

damping ratio

factor concerning response

k von Krmns constant

non-dimensional length parameter

mean value

frequency and kinematic viscosity of air

( ) flexural mode shape

def deflection of structure

density of air

( ) correlation function

standard deviation

:43:52 AMfile:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0...20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_xiii.html (1 of 3)8/9/2009 3

page_xiii

time lag

j gust factor

f non-dimensional parameter

x2( ) aerodynamic admittance function

normalized co-spectrum

angular frequency

Subscripts

a aerodynamic

ALT altitude

b background

c critical flutter

crit critical vortex shedding

d damping

d design value

div divergence

D aerodynamic drag

DIR direction

e equivalent

geo geostrophic

gr gradient

L aerodynamic lift


page_xiii

m motion-induced

max characteristic

min minimum

M aerodynamic moment

p pressure


< previous page page_xiii next page >


page_xiv

< previous page page_xiv next page >Page xiv

q mean wind load pressure

r resonance

red reduced

ref reference

R response

s structure

t turbulence

tot total

TEM temporary (seasonal)

u longitudinal turbulence component

v vortex shedding or lateral turbulence component

w vertical turbulence component

x longitudinal

y lateral

z vertical

rotation

deflection


< previous page page_xiv next page >

file:///D|/Documents/My%20eBooks/Wind%20Engineering/0471...511%20Wind%20Loads%20on%20Structures/files/page_xiv.html8/9/2009 3:43:52 AM

00000___97713494bf7db9512063911df75a2d91.pdf00001___dd2123d7e0b6b95132eaa338db1ca627.pdf00002___af2ed00764efb5aab8798c29d074dcfe.pdf00003___f23e874e0fc759ccdbd193b4f44da0a7.pdf00004___9096355a2e67fbcce7b8cf683a43376b.pdf00005___0872ae2aeb6d182862f3dfb6f315d5ad.pdf00006___d859e7c9503b4dd9abe577be35521ea5.pdf00007___f4479a9137c5fa8d840c86e404db6807.pdf00008___b6304ab1077f0837c0a40c8a462ab784.pdf00009___6101fde6afacbc70aeb1829ba63722f2.pdf00010___65ed4e9c5846593c76159e532c5ac2ab.pdfBinder2.pdfcover.htmlLocal Diskcover

page_iii.htmlLocal Diskpage_iii

page_iv.htmlLocal Diskpage_iv

page_ix.htmlLocal Diskpage_ix

page_v.htmlLocal Diskpage_v

page_vi.htmlLocal Diskpage_vi

page_vii.htmlLocal Diskpage_vii

page_viii.htmlLocal Diskpage_viii

page_xi.htmlLocal Diskpage_xi

page_xii.htmlLocal Diskpage_xii

page_xiii.htmlLocal Diskpage_xiii

page_xiv.htmlLocal Diskpage_xiv

Binder2.pdf00011___4a7875b0e360cc2f16830a06cc3b080b.pdf00012___c3d4f7d21859a1eb90d00d007c8ea943.pdf00013___7658f96615d42fad4aac75eb449418f5.pdf00014___c4d5b24f83a620569f6c4af96ec8d95f.pdf00015___95cd502394be83f3fdd534af1bf01eb4.pdf00016___7312c0e7d7a1eed222f84da31b2fe729.pdf00017___680ebaa771a10d59faf1975266357908.pdf00018___049c45a02ea8af1e54a4a90c0cdbf9fb.pdf00019___772b1b6a2b30cc355bc586293ae3a571.pdf00020___e3a455147b798f8cdf2cbe5dc2dac1c0.pdf00021___8547c69a20d35352393839debd6bb93b.pdf00022___6e0ddcb64bca694bd842a3a7ae2ff691.pdf00023___e41fdbcc7ac38795358fe9506e9a33a6.pdf00024___1463a863a12fc1efd831fe3b8bffaeaa.pdf00025___3ec7747fa2b588c49758ec0f14b00dcf.pdf00026___0d394bf3f0bd94b65f3120e3e791401b.pdf00027___0d73e4615e9987b34e5cb57dfdff8680.pdf00028___ed8a4fb2b7396c9fc923b0ce6f91a64b.pdf00029___f2cba246e0884e98f81d12fcb4736099.pdf00030___2ab33a27f90e40eca981526248718d60.pdf00031___6759808f9fd66cbc3c02e2e85d7773e7.pdf00032___34dad4c34c88229f0a49772d04b907ef.pdf00033___01718d03f2af2631c623ba8e675ce3d1.pdf00034___0d9d253fd3be422cfcc9f4334d76a21c.pdf00035___60e29e28ca90435f38e779e502f81d45.pdf00036___087a9f4047b864ef0e5fa03a5af0c209.pdf00037___c66115030dba273c6d7d6a0b9327c310.pdf00038___81e118fac93be8ba507e52eb0d5a627c.pdf00039___c74c869260a5ad71d82a19222ec6a6d8.pdf00040___f9f2234c55763ba210a97a39608b379e.pdf00041___a57bee48000177d1133b7cdbbf48e73a.pdf00042___da93735e67e402e845dfed4bee8d73a1.pdf00043___348cfe45e177c55321309dd6416b7157.pdf00044___690390b91f0391762db3506504283714.pdf00045___573b670eff463a242b07031d4fe5c20a.pdf00046___b34011002ea7e2351aae160702c4f586.pdf00047___e84a0318f5befe379abc54cf26115440.pdf00048___3dae4cd4906e5a75dd7b34448aca264f.pdf00049___11348ed598f9eefb8d1404addb273117.pdf00050___5f3808417a0d73ed68510ccfaacacd9e.pdf00051___96bf078a1946456965ee8bfca6e1493c.pdf00052___7704af9c5d88db790b46f656a3e607f5.pdf00053___f3a86257eb23e59de8daf0523a250d33.pdf00054___cedb33c669cf176e2e704e3f4ecf5a50.pdf00055___b8632e95d7f07d9d3aba77b067c766a0.pdf00056___8fc3153af2171208ffee8e7ce6678a87.pdf00057___74d462a825cf70187440652d77239fdd.pdf00058___c0fd92368f61ad00b40fa66a2a3a4555.pdf00059___957bd5af2f91908a20b2d98335992307.pdf00060___06b87be2746ff8888c12b99eb387c291.pdf00061___0e63f939e2e3aa5a666ba0e7e89b26c7.pdf00062___6d425bcd938506f7d2091669fe74a032.pdf00063___77ad85209d3f48e5a46883428abd000d.pdf00064___00f8e6c8363a567c8ebb11cf4b909930.pdf00065___779545fe537b919d07b4e2381e9983f2.pdf00066___8dfc1b18d53d2097f7a260931c3c6e45.pdf00067___1f01fbb130f32c21d37dcaed4304659e.pdf00068___e873c350d09a46b6fb45eff082e5ddc7.pdf00069___1ec20cd90e70b543e2c97e87fe90ff25.pdf00070___fd898d3415cda4b94f40e2526ec477c8.pdf00071___a997d7157f0ca4bebd7c742c311cb1af.pdf00072___dff2030c8ce4bec093250931de1f1b9c.pdf00073___0990829b31967baf36aa003a1345c7cd.pdf00074___180fc90aee5abe0073934417be18b24d.pdf00075___7b2e14aed184138a4537cfbd98d66ee7.pdf00076___ffd41025ae3fd1a6b9d6159544cafff7.pdf00077___d21e68d80a9fe3439e54fa1f2cf79c04.pdf00078___bb7a7d39bd00690ed68ff451387651ea.pdf00079___0dcd3dfb234e9eff67e79491f59e47ae.pdf00080___da4566b4a85f7142441f5857fa7bb446.pdf00081___01527bc867ffd678ac68ca9560974cd4.pdf00082___a4b3c0698e8e6b2215baddfaa861fbf7.pdf00083___3adc277bf863b784c276f65625d4706f.pdf00084___775cdd0ea5c0b23ca92d4c8281f50958.pdf00085___cb274021de7035726d0faa57c278727a.pdf00086___c3fc0c0291763daefcda49a807b49c68.pdf00087___34578168a4a885aee68319396587a63a.pdf00088___9a8d576aa17344c33a15c0fbbccd49a3.pdf00089___6c0687bc9b62ca2c483f737bee1f83ef.pdf00090___ecbd337fa8b53885fd9c3e0aea0ceff0.pdf00091___805fe33fcad5d3ae520bab17fa76f20f.pdf00092___8004d0cdd864f7002b7759dfeaa1816a.pdf00093___0fa2e6549efbe796cf6eaf3ce8e02c5b.pdf00094___203aaf9021c96fa64677837280840af1.pdf00095___7e23714e76bc17be80dd49a1b070e131.pdf00096___fe994be810fd2bc97cd97c5e0e6d1e24.pdf00097___4cd96060940d6ab9497d33694357f43f.pdf00098___053bbfab904718090663ba9ea5271ce7.pdf00099___9138ebbc9325f8d4a6db2a677afa3045.pdf00100___eb3985b4aff28bb620cec623d2afedfb.pdf00101___afb4960050812c84cecaafa027e54383.pdf00102___f4c6c4a4b2c3b8ca14b330219a43807b.pdf00103___4db5c74be822dcd3900ddfe8431c06c6.pdf00104___de0e67c739a1f4a0c31baaeadd02f820.pdf00105___72f395ed964f279752001eacad51d00e.pdf00106___cb1a405a313606f5121014ccc240bf8e.pdf00107___ae51ede5a564a5682850c12844437439.pdf00108___6c8e393c09f326a076a2d37a75ab7c45.pdf00109___272c77bdb36c4c213db8e350a7029290.pdf00110___3b5f0b7992521aded283e2a6563725ca.pdf00111___8913e73981d56df3ccbfaa6eb6122bc2.pdf00112___d92171d4b5bd759fad1e78dc4623bae0.pdf00113___df3cda5aade55c8075243e7fbcdcca69.pdf00114___00f17d874f950c135361fead7e9ecaa9.pdf00115___8f42bb20546598013e94a9c57fe30819.pdf00116___0c9ef433a1da77861d50e97c3f4980f3.pdf00117___5c72e12102b228a573b6fa25323fa2e9.pdf00118___66bdc3b0c4682b76c82744fc2d9b7147.pdf00119___48ef404a4d40da21855de54aff3edd96.pdf00120___9c0ec33e0fbb6887300eb9a262308d3a.pdf00121___f0bf458b08075455859b622f763368f8.pdf00122___c37b084386ddc3ccbb771d7f2adb1e2c.pdf00123___803d69af9cf5caed6e4f7f58ef6c243a.pdf00124___cb491630159915b79f5239297504b318.pdf00125___40e0e7d8c9d7fff0409b1a21eadf4af8.pdf00126___4ecb754468f0326f127b8300c9b053e8.pdf00127___6dbaf96c70bc47d844d6fd7951feb99a.pdf00128___2512c55ae48d69c38de2f32e6555d2d2.pdf00129___3fcdeadcd57061a7ee74e57ed5c19e6d.pdf00130___06995dc71ab76facbf8cb21c73fc0e17.pdf00131___b0ad56a0d0c9df71f3474645f9aa5f8b.pdf00132___327465999a6d157afdb31e8d44fa13dd.pdf00133___bd6fb6c195164204eeb723c149dd5eee.pdf00134___30744f79c46c52369e4cb02cf8fe2c31.pdf00135___56aff5a11c36fa5e5940d7f7260e4c76.pdf00136___1c9d899c6fd69cadfd224490b4729cd1.pdf00137___ad06eedf64c0884fdc65e341623c1d93.pdf00138___3d39eca276dda78f738c16f58dad7130.pdf00139___3c9e7217d5e80a444fda9f26e27237af.pdf00140___d2e038c423ce468f7e449feb2eddf755.pdf00141___14b6396db1dcf509fa1a4e82809e4c12.pdf00142___84c2961bfd94137e607e5211b46c95cb.pdf00143___7a385201684a02484fb56dfbd0779dd0.pdf00144___e350516a1ae5f334cbdc09fdee75831d.pdf00145___69f3a22df7fe49b98e30ed12d6630a05.pdf00146___45d666c8c35eee2c9109ca092f958951.pdf00147___13e0f65be31df11060b437e8355c6e1d.pdf00148___8a28d7467766371540918710ba6e8152.pdf00149___8bac3af1b75c8053a764f297f7e09ab4.pdf00150___46a736ae5354faf51ac86ce18fdcc9aa.pdf00151___c87b579a9bae5691ae028405734e1012.pdf00152___e17b82f0d16cd26bc86f60859e26b37a.pdf00153___51350acd48a95bcde560b64faa088d90.pdf00154___ba3872e238971e3e1d7f7329839f353b.pdf00155___c71c0c9f409a1025721ac7ba05708f6e.pdf00156___09e983e5bca930bcd7c60149ae721b25.pdf00157___f4f1c123b9f918269c9275bd0f4bde3a.pdf00158___012c246f3ad5f103f76ef4a7d81250ce.pdf00159___3cdda0555948fa61a2a83d3a5f27210e.pdf00160___85cbcbe3b3b46510ae70401bea89296d.pdf00161___af86b8c38dc2c1fd0c4cf689a1fcc4ed.pdf00162___80dcbb4bdeb6b8f98fce93b726ecd727.pdf00163___ba99f5519768d0e2b453f383d832f74a.pdf00164___5e17b90723aa91d3dcfb1697db8026d8.pdf00165___a77282bf89d6f2c32c4fc5f68d73eaa9.pdf00166___a33ccfe0ebb50d99733da1c80552ecf8.pdf00167___072b1309a82ac725c1447a8597ffe1c6.pdf00168___673b0e295473198728c1d8a14ec4f419.pdf00169___ec9a70935bba2d07716ac415c1f38479.pdf00170___0475f49828cbd6a39e19e6dd0b536578.pdf00171___9a78462bb92742146c4df0c993bfc677.pdf00172___e7725826054f4a85ca3e09823bb6139c.pdf00173___9b08b8a8028fbf58e02f204f5986638b.pdf00174___6272cf605a117a131452ecb6978c0d93.pdf00175___9bf2f63763f77fec3d06554f816b5782.pdf00176___42f08c762435dfd5a515f8433271ae28.pdf00177___4179750b626112b07bf0dc352c651700.pdf00178___f38ade999a38d1f1ccaa2918c690dda8.pdf00179___36dd9f36df88333d1477afa9af6c97e7.pdf00180___33aa49bdfb7bd925582cebb870778264.pdf00181___42981360731439652833baf7fb2a4b06.pdf00182___1323f5862dd7df6e3902d5caa9bf586b.pdf00183___d65fbb1bfc55d9cacfa9ad889f5c0589.pdf00184___b4f20539576a8e78cf8abffbcad53daf.pdf00185___4e5cd31cdee76eeb7aaf551c4f9741dd.pdf00186___2231d34b9f8470d672e05aa0342fac39.pdf00187___faa35bc303237a261665e7987dcb860f.pdf00188___2894f13927b5a659dd53055c8015c645.pdf00189___036b7ee2e9b2ffdf9ec6b126e6e671bb.pdf00190___31a3eab004eb45bffc729070f5f632de.pdf00191___43b26927e28153fb44b9b60f9ca722bb.pdf00192___a2cfddfc631218ff89ecc7e6889b56ee.pdf00193___ebc2f0ddb8eb13191b7768243d907149.pdf00194___8d1971f013a5881aa24608f7d69a705c.pdf00195___5aae12a1cd5ca5ed09ac58735555b0f5.pdf00196___f8fd2749b891ba0255030003a7983f41.pdf00197___09fb9f2783b868d1b12774801fd68a45.pdf00198___512a503a10864748aa164a25eaf5f017.pdf00199___8c4491e593867748b85a730b4b3af453.pdf00200___cb7a7636ed142126cfe6675afda41c73.pdf00201___31c5648c8c2223400ba58146ad5de30d.pdf00202___9cfe2fa556c3cdb5efda7d11ff1d043a.pdf00203___8a4631e526b5ea966505f5c786b4d307.pdf00204___5042b4198133e6fc40ea8a69113a1e2c.pdf00205___f0dd4a0ff745af5cb2fa42de448cff12.pdf00206___6ddf2601b6653552c676399acca65791.pdf00207___d6bbbf46792536829a51d916483e8273.pdf00208___dbb237775eaa180b12287380d2bd6346.pdf00209___3e43dec35c683434f72f35076a0b83f9.pdf00210___7f06add038f1a7ca720b9e6d1fa95362.pdf00211___28ebe7a7b3c09c67afb8f4dadecd02c0.pdf00212___307dff889017c630622dfbd086ee6cb1.pdf00213___8f6df08ef00044c70aeeb16378379ef8.pdf00214___94d76b120fdfaf6b34fcff713a2ed66e.pdf00215___843727d88928b2b8582a21eb876ca1ad.pdf00216___12c893fd2316397d161a70d920a9a255.pdf00217___ee7d23fff3f35ea2353ed4df0d56f0a9.pdf