Wind energy

Presentation for high school pupils

What will we learn during the class?

• What are the renewable energy and wind energy?

• What are the sources of renewable energy?

• What are the disadvantages and advantages of wind energy?

• What are the possibilities for acquiring wind energy?

• What devices are used to acquire wind energy?

• Do we really have to use renewable energy sources?

What do we need energy for???

• Power electrical equipment• Prepare meals• Heating• Air-Conditioning• Power industrial plants• Transport

It’s hard to imagine even one day without using electricity!

Growing population and economic developmentcause the predictions of increasing

use of electricity.

Row material

• In the olden days wood was the basic row material for energy. It was later replaced by bituminous coal and then oil.

Depleting conventional sources of energy

Reserves of fossil fuels are non renewable and will run out.

It’s estimated that:• Coal will last for around 220

years• Gas for 60 years• Oil for 30 – 40 years!!!

Climate change

• Use of fossil fuels contributed to increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, in particular CO2.

World’s emission of CO2 originating from fossil fuels, 1751 - 2006

Global warming

Changes in the atmosphere's composition have brought global warming and climate changes. Their results may threaten human and natural

environment.

Alternative sources of energy

• Renewable sources of energy RSE which have been available for hundreds thousands years are an alternative for bituminous coal.

• RSE will never run out and don’t cause any negative changes to the environment.

Sources of energy

RENEWABLE• Hydro energy• Wind energy• Solar energy• Biomass energy• Geothermal energy

NON-RENEWABLE• Bituminous coal• Lignite• Oil• Gas• Radioactive

elements

Sources of energy

RENEWABLE• Hydro energy• Wind energy• Solar energy• Biomass energy• Geothermal energy

NON-RENEWABLE• Bituminous coal• Lignite• Oil• Gas• Radioactive

elements

Wind energy

Wind energy

• As far as 4000 years ago Babylonians used to pump water using wind turbines when irrigating fields and drying wetlands. Well before then wind was being used in ship transport.

• From the 6th century Persians used to grind grain in windmills.

• At present wind energy industry is one of the fastest developing industries.

Obligations towards EU

• 25.06.2009 new European Parliament and Council of Europe Directive on promoting energy from renewable sources came to life.

• According to this directive Poland has to increase share of energy from renewable sources from 3.8% to 15% by 2020.

Conditions favourable for the use of wind energy

• Constant wind • Particular wind speed• Wind farms usually work with the wind

blowing with the speed between 5 and 25 metres/second, while the speed between 15 and 20 m/s is recognised as optimal.

• Too low speeds make generating electricity of satisfactory volume impossible, too high speeds (over 30 m/s) can however lead to mechanical damage of a turbine.

Most suitable for acquiring wind energy are:

• coastal areas• open plains• hills’ tops• mountain passes

• Poland belongs to a group of countries with an average wealth of wind energy. Using the potential of wind energy Poland could cover 17% of demand for electricity.

• Suitable conditions for the use of wind energy are present on 1/3 of the area of Poland.

• According to The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, in the area of 60,000 km², which is around 30% of Poland’s territory an average speed of wind exceeds 4m/s

Devices used for acquiring wind energy

• Wind turbine – can work individually or as part of a wind farm. Two most important elements of a wind turbine are a turbine and a generator.

Rotor

Nacelle

Tower

Foundation

Siłownia wiatrowa

• 1 – foundation• 2 – connection to the grid• 3 – tower• 4 – access ladder• 5 – yaw system• 6 – nacelle• 7 – generator• 8 – anemometer• 9 – brake• 10 – gear box• 11 – rotor blade• 12 – blade pitch mechanism• 13 - hub

Gearbox

Anemometer and Wind Vane

High speed shaft

Low speed shaft

Rotor blades

Hub

blade pitch mechanism

Bearings

Yaw system

Brake

Tower

Generator

Nacelle

How does a wind turbine work?

Wind farms in Poland• Wind farm is an

installation which consists of single wind turbines with an objective of producing electricity.

• Concentration of turbines allows to limit the cost of construction and maintenance and also simplifies the grid.

• The number of wind farms in Poland is growing!

Capacity of wind farms in Poland [MW]

Biggest wind farms in Poland

• Margonin – 120 MW• Karścino – 90 MW• Tymień – 50 MW

• The biggest wind farm will be developed in Slupsk (320 MW) in 2014.

• Wind farm in Tymien at the Polish Baltic coast was opened in 2006

• (25 wind turbines 2 MW each = 50 MW).

Wind turbine capacity• To produce 1 MW (megawatt),

the rotor of a wind turbine should have a diameter of around 50 metres;

• For wind farms of 2 MW capacity

• Capacity with the wind speed of 5 m/s is around 200 kW (10% capacity);

• Capacity with the wind speed of 13 m/s - 25 m/s is 2000 kW (2 MW - 100% used capacity);

• Small wind turbine – used to produce energy for household needs, can be installed on buildings. Investment ( circa £3,500) pays back after 5-6 years

Hybrid lamp

Wind energy – for or against?

Advantages of wind energy

• Doesn’t cause air pollution (and in particular CO2)• Doesn’t contribute to depletion of reserves

Disadvantages of wind energy

• Niestabilność energii wiatrowej (brak systemów magazynowania tej energii)

• Negatywny wpływ na krajobraz• Emituje hałas• Stanowi zagrożenie dla migrujących ptaków i

nietoperzy

Can traditional energy sources be replaced with renewables?

• Global demand for energy will be growing continuously.

• Fossil fuels reserves are depleting, and the use of it causes adverse climate changes.

Everything indicates that in the future

Renewable Sources of Energy will be a necessity.

Acquiring renewable energy

Fashion in the past,

necessity nowadays!

Thank you for your attention

Photographs – source Internet