WIMAX

THE ULTIMATE WIRELESS SOLUTION

Prepared by Aninda Bhowmik ID:MCSE04405019

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING STAMFORD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

FEBRUARY 2013

Prepared for Md. Firoz Mridha Lecturer & Supervisor

Defining WiMAX Technology & Its Basics

WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a

telecommunication technology aimed at providing wireless data

over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point

links to full mobile cellular type access. WiMAX is a wireless

digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16 that

is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX

can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50

km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 – 15) for mobile

station. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for

more efficient bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is

intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.

WiMAX System Consists of Two Parts

A WiMAX Tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

A WiMAX Receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

How does WiMAX work?

Fig 1: How does WiMAX work?

WiMax Technology Consists of Three Levels

Transmission Level: Concept of the Cables. Concept of Microwave of different frequency bandwidth Different Stations for transmission technology Classification of Diversity Reception Fiber Optic Cable

Radio Level: Different types of BTS (Base Transceiver Station) model WiMax towers ASN’s(Access Service Network) Profile C architecture ASN’s access point Base Control Unit ASN’s system specification ASN’s Portal EMS (Element Management System) platform specification.

Core Level: WiMax CSN architecture Different connectivity & services Roaming, Hot-lining, IP connectivity

Uses of WiMAX Technology

The bandwidth and reach of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications:Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last mile broadband access. Providing high-speed data and telecommunications services. Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage. Providing nomadic connectivity.

Different cello phone companies are now working to provide their best technologies cello phone to the users’ hands under WiMAX technology

WiMax System Architecture

The WiMAX Forum has defined an architecture that defines how a WiMAX network connects with other networks:

SS/MS: the Subscriber Station/Mobile Station

ASN: the Access Service Network

BS: Base station, part of the ASN

ASN-GW: the ASN Gateway, part of the ASN

CSN: the Connectivity Service Network

HA: Home Agent, part of the CSN

AAA: AAA Server, part of the CSN

NAP: a Network Access Provider

NSP: a Network Service Provider

Fig 2: Profile C

Architecture

Access Service Network(ASN)

Access Service Network (ASN), a concept in the mobile WiMAX

network, provides full mobility, seamless handoffs, Quality of

Service, security and subscriber/connection/resource management.

The ASN Gateway provides a critical piece of the end-to-end WiMAX

network architecture connecting the WiMAX radio access network to

a common IP core and offering a centralized platform for those

functions best served by localized management including security

and mobility management.

ASN Reference Model containing multiple ASN-GW

R1: Reference point between MS and BS: implements IEEE 802.16e-2005. R2: Reference point between MS and ASN-GW or CSN: logical interface used for

authentication, authorization, IP host configuration and mobility management R3: Reference point between ASN and CSN: supports AAA, policy enforcement,

and mobility-management capabilities. Implements tunnel between ASN and CSN. R4: Reference point between ASN and ASN:

used for MS mobility across ASNs. R5: Reference point between CSN and CSN:

used for internetworking between home and visited network R6: Reference point between BS and ASN:

Implements intra-ASN tunnels and used for

control plane signaling. R7: Reference point between data and control plane

in ASN-GW: used coordination between data and

control plane in ASN-GW. R8: Reference point between BS and BS:

used for fast and seamless handover

Fig 3: ASN reference model containing ASN-GW

Functions of Access Service Network(ASN):

Network discovery and selection of the preferred CSN/NSP. Network entry with IEEE 802.16e-2005 based layer 2

connectivity and AAA proxy. Relay function for IP Connectivity. Radio Resource Management. Multicast and Broadcast Control. Intra-ASN mobility. Foreign agent functionality for inter-ASN mobility Paging and Location Management. Accounting assistance. Data forwarding Service flow authorization

Core Service Network (CSN)

The CSN consists of various functions within the core data

network and forms an integral part of an end-to-end WiMAX

network that is in accordance with 802.16e standards.

CSN architecture includes:

DNS/DHCPMobile home agent(HA)AAA(authentication, authorization & accounting)Prepaid serverHot lining application server Billing Policy functionBorder gateway

WiMax CSN Architecture

Fig 4: Core Service Network(CSN) architecture

Functions comprises with CSN

AAA: Provides authentication, accounting, authorization, management of users’ service profiles and data records for billing WiMAX subscribers

DNS/DHCP server: Provides initial IP Address look-up and allocation for WiMAX Mobile Stations

Home Agent (HA): Provides Mobile- IP functionality that allows traffic to mobile devices to be routed transparently to the ASN Gateway and is also the anchor for WiFi access points

Routers: Fundamental for routing and aggregating traffic within the CSN and across multiple ASN networks

Firewall/NAT: Critical multi-layer packet inspection for extra protection from advanced hackers and attackers

WiMax Installation

WiMax Transmitter Wimax Base

Fig 5: Wimax Transmitter

Fig 6: WiMax Base

WiMax Installation

The device Called SDA is used which is a switch providing the base -98 VDC power supply, and 9/90BaseT interface with the subscriber's PCs/network.

Fig 7: Power Device for WiMAX Base

WiMax Installation

Fig 8: Connection between Power Device with WiMAX Base and PC/router

WiMax Installation

Fig 9: Wimax Antena

WiMax Installation

Fig 10: Hexagonal cellular system model

I have done a Study work which is setting up fixed WiMAX installation in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. We maintain the following consideration,

Used frequency: 3.11 GHzNumber of Base Stations: 3Sector in each base station: 3 (Each sector cover 120 degree)

Name of the Base Stations:Pirozali Base StationZia International Base StationNarayangonj base Station Client Information: Client B (Located in Gazipur)Client C (Located in Motijheel)

WiMax Deployment in Dhaka

WiMax Deployment in Dhaka

Fig 11: Distance of 3 Base Station

WiMax Deployment in Dhaka

Fig 12: Theoretically Three Base Station

WiMax Deployment in Dhaka

Fig 13: Connectivity between Pirzoli Base station with client B

WiMax Deployment in Dhaka

Fig 14: Site Survey Report

WiMax Model Network Design

Problem: The Final WiMax design to support 10,000 subscribers distributed in an area of 50 sq-km & the subscribers are provided 128 kbps data each.

Solution: As to depict the whole calculation & design of WiMax model network, Solution gives us the way to drive the whole calculation specifically to build a strong connection. ASN Gateway calculation: As we should calculate the bandwidth & discuss the specification of ASN then we’ve to calculate the area, total subscriber in the area & the bytes that are passed in this area per second.

As we’re given that Subscriber = 10,000Area = 50 square km128 kbps data speed per subscriber10:1 active ratio For the radio frequency we chose the bandwidth 5MHz & the bands 3.5 GHz.

Now to calculate the ASN gateway we see at first that to select area. As we know the formula of Area, A= πr²Let, Propagation radius r = 1 kmCoverage area of a single BTS, A = 3.14 * 1² = 3.14 sq-km

So as mentioned area=50 sq-km given then,The number of BTS required the Coverage = 50/3.14 = 16(approx)From the given specification, 

Total subscriber = 10,000Total active subscriber = 10,000 10 = 1,000

WiMax Model Network Design

Total simultaneous data throughput = 1,000 * 128 kbps = 128000 kbps = 128 Mbps1 BTS supports = 18 Mbps Number of BTS required for capacity = 128 / 18 = 8

Now per km as a sector where under 5-10 Mhz bandwidth 18 Mbps data is generated. For the region purpose if bandwidth & data speed range is multiply 4 times then we get

 16 BTS is needed to cover the whole area. If these BTS are installed in a perfect

manner & range then we can figure out a required network configuration.

WiMax Model Network Design

Total BTS = 16  Micro Wave unit = 16

Microwave HUB = 4

Optical fiber range = (5 + 5 + 4 +2) = 16 Km Fig15: Omni Directional

MUX = 1

So finally after the whole configuration in act the ASN gateway receives:18*16 = 288 Mbps data, which will pass through the CSN.

WiMax Model Network Design

r=1 km

WiMax Model Network Design

Fig 16: WiMax Model Network Design

THANK YOU

WIMAX THE ULTIMATE WIRELESS SOLUTION