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WiMAXCustomer Premise Equipment
White PaperCorporate HeadquartersZyXEL Communications Corp.Tel: +886-3-578-3942 Fax: +886-3-578-2439Email: [email protected]://www.zyxel.com http://www.zyxel.com.tw
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02/0765-100-901202GCopyright © 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corp. All rights reserved. ZyXEL, ZyXEL logo are registered trademarks of ZyXEL Communications Corp. All other brands, product names, or trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice.
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WiMAX Forum Member
The WiMAX Forum is a nonprofit corporation that has been formed to promote and certify the compliance and interoperability of devices based upon the IEEE 802.16 standards as well as future standards as may be developed by the WiMAX Forum as needed to ensure such compliance and interoperability.
WiMAX Forum Member
The WiMAX Forum is a nonprofit corporation that has been formed to promote and certify the compliance and interoperability of devices based upon the IEEE 802.16 standards as well as future standards as may be developed by the WiMAX Forum as needed to ensure such compliance and interoperability.
Introduction 2
Advantages of 802.16e 3
802.16e vs 802.16d 3
802.16e vs 3G 4
Value-Added CPE 7
Abundant Value-Added Customer Premise Equipments 7
Completeness of IP Protocol Stacks 7
Early availability of D12-compliant WiMAX CPE 7
Supports to Different Frequency Bands 8
Higher Receiver Sensitivity 8
Power Consumption and Maximum TX Power 8
Industrial Design for Outdoor CPE 8
SIP-Based VoIP Communications 8
Advanced IP Networking Features 8
E2E System Supports 8
Supports to New Technologies 8
WiMAX CPE Applications 9
DSL Reach Extension (Last Mile Replacement) 9
Mobile WiMAX 10
Certification and availability delays of 802.16d products have significantly closed the gap before the emergence of the first
802.16e products. The first 802.16e CPE products are now available and offered by major equipment vendors with strong
background of telecommunications solutions. Additionally, the industry can expect to see a significant base of consumer
devices with embedded 802.16e chipsets provided by the major chipset manufacturers. Apparently, 802.16d is an interim
technology with no true upgrade path to 802.16e (802.16e-compliant equipments are not backward compatible with 802.16d).
Operators should consider protecting their early WiMAX investments by adopting solutions based on the 802.16e standard
since 802.16e not only allows mobile operators to provide mobile broadband application, but also has the benefit of
outperforming 802.16d even in fixed applications.
Table of Contents
Introduction
WiMAXCustomer Premise Equipment
White Paper
2
802.16e vs. 802.16d
The 802.16e standard is an amendment to 802.16d. While 802.16d standard supports
fixed and portable applications, the 802.16e standard supports fixed, portable and
mobile applications.
The 802.16e standard adopts the Scalable OFDMA specification to allow scalable system
bandwidth, maintain constant symbol duration that provides greater commonality in
equipment components, and offers the operator the advantage to deploy today and
expand system bandwidth tomorrow at a lower cost and reduced network impact.
The ability to scale bandwidth and leverage sub-channelization techniques with
802.16e OFDMA provides significant advantages over the 802.16d OFDM physical
interface. Operators have a greater set of tools to manage network performance, meet
specific coverage and capacity requirements, and ease network expansion to meet
growing usage demands.
802.16e defines a series of sleep and idle mode power management functions to enable
power conservation for extending the battery life of end-user devices. The mobility
amendments in the latest 802.16e further enhance operations at higher vehicular
speeds by improving support for inter-cell handoff, directed adjacent-cell measurement
and sleep modes to support low-power mobile station operations.
Optional solutions to improve signal coverage are available for both 802.16d and
802.16e, such as antenna diversity and Space-Time Coding (STC); these capabilities are
further deepened in 802.16e with guidance on additional diversity and adaptive
antenna techniques. multi-antenna operation supports provided for base station
transmitters include optional AAS, open-loop STC (supporting between 2 to 4 transmit
antennas), and closed-loop MIMO modes. In 802.16e, support for uplink coordinated
SDMA is also provided.
ERT-VR (Extended Real-Time Variable Rate) is one of the QoS services introduced with
802.16e to manage traffic rates and transmission policies, as well as to improve latency
and reduce jitter. This QoS service is especially important if the operator would like to
support VoIP (Voice over IP) applications.
Advantages of 802.16e
Summary of Comparative Features
Attribute
Base Standard
Duplex Method
Downlink
Uplink Multiple Access
Channel BW
Frame Size DL
UL
Modulation DL
Modulation UL
Coding
DL Peak Over the Air Data Rate
UL Peak Over the Air Data Rate
H-ARQ
Scheduling
Handoff
Tx Diversity and MIMO
Beanforming
1xEVDO Rev A
CDMA2000/IS-95
FDD
TDM
CDMA
1.25 MHz
1.67 milliseconds
6.67 milliseconds
QPSK/8PSK/64QAM
BPSK, QPSK/8PSK
Turbo
3.1 Mbps
1.8 Mbps
Fast 4-Channel Synchronous IR
Fast Scheduling in the DL
Virtual Soft Handoff
Simple Open Loop Diversity
No
HSDPA/HSUPA (HSPA)
WCDMA
FDD
CDM-TDM
CDMA
5.0 MHz
2 milliseconds
2, 10 milliseconds
QPSK/16QAM
BPSK/QPSK
CC,Turbo
14 Mbps
5.8 Mbps
Fast 6-Channel Asynchronous CC
Fast Scheduling in the DL
Network Initiated Hard Handoff
Simple Open & Closed Loop Diversity
Yes (Dedicated Pilots)
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.16e-2005
TDD3
OFDMA
Scalable: 5, 7, 8.75, 10 MHz
5 milliseconds TDD
QPSK/16QAM/64QAM
QPSK/16QAM
CC,Turbo
46 Mbps, DL/UL=34
32 Mbps, DL/UL=1, (10 MHz BW)
7 Mbps,DL/UL=15
4 Mbps, DL/UL=3, (10 MHz BW)
Multi-Channel Asynchronous CC
Fast Scheduling in DL and UL
Network Optimized Hard Handoff
STBC,SM
Yes
3 FDD will be considered for future WiMAX profiles based on specific market opportunities and regulatory requirements.
4 Assumes MIMO (2x2) mode in DL and 4 OFDM symbols for overhead and 44 data OFDM symbols (out of 48 total) in each frame. The peak throughput performance for TDD is related to
the DL/UL range supported by the Release-1 Mobile WiMAX profiles. The user peak rate may also be limited by its service capabilities.
5 The user UL peak data rate assumes 4 OFDM symbols overhead. With UL collaborative MIMO, the aggregated UL sector peak throughput can be doubled to 14 Mbps for DL/UL=1 and 8
Mbps for DL/UL=3.
Source: WiMAX Forum “Mobile WiMAX — Part II: A Comparative Analysis”
802.16e vs. 3G
1xEVDO Rev A and HSDPA/HSPA have evolved from 3G CDMA standards to provide data service over mobile voice networks, thus
inherited both the advantages and limitations of legacy 3G systems.
Since WiMAX was initially developed for fixed wireless broadband access and has been optimized for broadband data services, it
faces the challenge meeting additional requirements to support mobile applications. The following table provides side-by-side
attribute comparisons of Mobile WiMAX with 3G-based 1xEVDO and HSDPA/HSPA systems, which is useful in addressing how
these technologies meets future network requirements of mobile broadband data services.
Evolution of WiMAX Services
2005
Portable Mobile
Backhaul
OutdoorCPE
IndoorCPE
BaseStation
PCMCIA/CF/USB
IndoorCPE
OutdoorCPE
2006 2007 2008
Fixed Service Portable Service Mobile Service
PicoBS
MIMOCPE
Centrino-likeWiMAX
WiMAX PDA/Handset
43
Scalable OFDMA and other new technologies employed by 802.16e WiMAX made it
less complicated and easier to manage thanks to the all-IP core network and provides
many other advantages over the CDMA-based 3G systems.
Among these technologies, Scalable OFDMA is among the most significant ones that
allow 802.16e WiMAX to outperform CDMA-based 3G systems.
The orthogonal sub-channels in OFDMA system give 802.16e WiMAX better
tolerance to multi-patch and self-interference comparing to time domain equalizer
for CDMA systems.
The deployment flexibility of 802.16e WiMAX is much better than CDMA systems
thanks to the Scalable OFDMA technology. 802.16e WiMAX supports channel
bandwidths of 5 MHz, 7 MHz, 8.75 MHz, and 10 MHz (1.25 MHz to 20 MHz optional)
802.16e WiMAX can provide balanced downlink/uplink throughput and the uplink
scheduler provides better control of the uplink quality and uplink resource
allocation. Thus the uplink performance in more predictable and QoS is better
enforced.
802.16e WiMAX supports TDD (Time Division Duplex) that enables downlink/
uplink ration adjustment for better support of link adaptation, as well as MIMO
(Multi-input Multi-output) and other advanced antenna technologies.
TDD requires only one channel for both downlink and uplink to provide better
spectrum utilization.
Advanced Antenna Technology is another key factor to the success of 802.16e WiMAX.
It supports a full range of smart antenna technologies to enhance performance.
Additionally, WiMAX also supports dynamic switching between smart antenna
technologies to maximize the benefit depending on channel conditions.
Beamforming
STC (Space Time Coding) provides large area coverage regardless of the channel
condition but does not improve the peak throughput.
SM (Spatial Multiplexing) improves peak throughput when the channel condition
is good.
802.16e WiMAX supports AMS (Adaptive MIMO Switching) to maximize spectral efficiency with no reduction in coverage area
when switching among multiple MIMO modes.
Below is a performance comparison table between CDMA systems and 802.16e WiMAX.
Advantages of 802.16e
Parameter
Duplex
Occupied Spectrum (MHz)
1x EVDO Rev A
FDD
2.5
1.25
1.25
0.85
0.36
1.06
0.45
3x EVDO Rev B
FDD
10
5
5
0.93
0.28
4.65
1.39
HSDPA
FDD
10
5
5
0.78
0.14
3.91
0.70
Mobile WiMAX
TDD
10
DL/UL=3
1.91
0.84
14.1
2.2
HSPA
FDD
10
5
5
0.78
0.30
3.91
1.50
Source: WiMAX Forum “Mobile WiMAX — Part II: A Comparative Analysis”
Channel BW (MHz)
Spectral Efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Net InformationThrough-put per Channel/Sector
(Mbps)
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
Performance Comparisons
5 6
Completeness of IP Protocol StacksZyXEL’s WiMAX product line inherits ZyXEL’s rich experience through implementation of
common ZyNOS platform that features various authentication and billing methods, VoIP,
mobile IP, SNMP protocol stacks, Remote Device Management System and hassle-free
device installation tools. It guarantees that the ZyXEL CPE can be easily adapted to
different service operator needs.
Early Availability of 802.16e-2005-compliant WiMAX CPEZyXEL WiMAX CPE is one of the earliest available 802.16e-2005-compliant products on
the market. It is interoperable with products from many world-famous
telecommunication equipment providers such as Alcatel, Nortel, Nokia, etc. in different
areas with different frequency bands. The ZyXEL CPE is scheduled to join the 802.16e-
2005 Wave 1 certification of WiMAX Forum.
Supports to Different Frequency BandsThe ZyXEL WiMAX equipments work in 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 2.3 GHz bands with a flexible selection of 5, 8.75, 10 MHz bandwidths. Strong
experiences in RF technology enable ZyXEL to select, design and integrate different chipsets for available frequencies and fine-tune for
good RF performance.
Higher Receiver SensitivityWith abundant experience, ZyXEL RF engineers fine-tuned WiMAX CPE to reach the highest receiver sensitivity (-96.2 dBm @5M/QPSK 1/2)
via RF chipset selection and impedance matching. This enables CPE to overcome the penetration loss and get more indoor coverage.
Power Consumption and Maximum TX PowerZyXEL’s MAX-100 (PCMCIA Card) design with lower power consumption enables PC card interoperability with different brands of laptop
computers with 23 dBm maximum transmission power.
MAX-200M1 (simple CPE), MAX-200HW2 (multi-user CPE) and MAX-300 (outdoor CPE) are designed to output the highest TX transmission
power (27 dBm) possible with price/performance consideration. This enables the CPEs to overcome transmission loss when being used
indoors, or to extend signal coverage when deployed outdoors.
Industrial Design for Outdoor CPEMAX-300 is a CPE of strong industry design. It operates between -40°C to 60°C with humility up to 90%, and it complies with ETSI EN 301
489, EN 60950, CE marked for EMC and Safety standard. It also complies with IPx6 protection per IEC 60529 anti-dust standard and 3x24h
(IEC68-2-52: Salt-fog environment) for Salt Fog Cycle. It even operates in wind speed over 200 km/h (125 mph).
SIP-Based VoIP CommunicationsVoIP signaling supports standard SIP (RFC3261) and is suitable for IP telephony service deployments. Sophisticated voice compression and
QoS mechanisms provide toll-quality voice communication.
Advanced IP Networking FeaturesThe ZyXEL CPEs support advanced IP networking features including all the security needed for users to safely access the Internet.
E2E System SupportsZyXEL understands what service operators need when acquiring the E2E total solution. ZyXEL takes endeavor to make its CPE working
with base stations from different system integrators to make the E2E solution possible.
Supports to New TechnologiesThe leading position in the WiMAX 802.16e-2005 CPE field enables ZyXEL to continuously develop WiMAX products with newly emerged
technologies such as MIMO and AAS.
Abundant Value-AddedCustomer Premise EquipmentsTo fulfill customer needs, ZyXEL designed a new type of CPEs for different applications
and customers needs. ZyXEL WiMAX CPE is one of the earliest available 802.16e-2005-
compliant products on the market. It is interoperable with lots of world-renowned
telecommunication equipments in different areas with different frequency bands. Choose
ZyXEL CPE product to have your WiMAX systems up and running now.
Value-Added CPE
ModelName
Graphic
Type
Usage
Coverage
Service
Connectivity
TX Power
Abundant Value-Added Customer Premise Equipments
MAX-100Series
PCMCIA
Personal Mobile Access
Mobile, Urban
Data
PCMCIA II
23 dBm + 2 dBi antenna gain
MAX-200M1Series
CPE
Home Access
Indoor, Urban
Data/Voice
1 x Ethernet1 x POTS (VoIP)
27 dBm + 6 dBi antenna gain
MAX-200HW2Series
Multi-User WiMAX Router
Home/Enterprise
Gateway
Indoor, Urban
Data/Voice
4 x Ethernet2 x POTS
1 x 802.11b/g
27 dBm + 6 dBi antenna gain
MAX-300Series
Outdoor CPE(ODU + IDU)
Home/EnterpriseGateway
Outdoor, Rural
Data/Voice
4 x Ethernet2 x POTS
1 x 802.11b/g
27 dBm + 15 dBiantenna gain
7 8
DSL Reach Extension (Last Mile Replacement)
Many CLECs (Competitive Local Exchange Carrier) faced the “Last Mail” issue while
competing with ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier): most ILECs inherited the
subscriber loop from their previous government-owned PTT (Public Telephone and
Telegram) identity. The deployment cost of the last mile (first mile) becomes the entry
barrier for CLECs to deploy services. Some CLECs tried to deploy the point-to-point or
point-to-multipoint LMDS (Local multipoint distribution system) but failed in rain-fading
(higher frequency band larger than 10G) and multi-path fading (FDMA + TDMA). The
WiMAX OFDM technology and frequencies ranges from 2G to 6G will overcome the
limitation and replace LMDS to support longer Wireless Broadband Accesses range.
The fast deployment broadband wireless of WiMAX enables CLECs to be relieved from the
last mile restriction and have longer-range capability to enable service providers offering
services in the rural or even mountain areas.
ZyXEL’s MAX-200M1 indoor simple CPE series enables ILECs to easily deploy broadband
access in urban and suburban areas where preserving building appearance is important.
On the other hand, the long-range MAX-300 outdoor CPE enables service operator to
easily offer broadband access in rural areas where deployment of physical wires is difficult,
if not impossible.
Mobile WiMAX
For mobile service operators, customer demand to Internet access is increasing. End customers satisfied by fixed broadband Internet access
may not tolerate the quality of existing mobile voice network. More than a few service providers have tried to provide high-speed Internet
access by upgrading the current networks to 3G (UMTS or CDMA) specifications, however the cost of Internet access is still high since the 3G
core network was designed for security voice QoS. For users demanding the best Internet experience with reasonable cost, the high 3G
charge may not be acceptable.
To these users, WiMAX may be the right choice. Since mobile service providers who wish to maintain subscriber loyalty and revenue with
the best Internet experience can use WiMAX to fill the gap, and their customers can enjoy better QoS at the same time.
With the full CPE range from ZyXEL, mobile service providers can freely choose suitable devices to meet different application needs.
WiMAX CPE Applications
ZyXEL is proud to announce that its MAX-100 series PCMCIA modem card and MAX-200 indoor CPE have
received the WiMAX World Award for Devices/Peripherals/Application Software at WiMAX World USA Conference
Expo. Eliot Weinman, Conference co-chair and president of Trendsmedia presented the award at WiMAX World
USA, on October 11, 2006.
The Best of WiMAX World winners were selected based on a careful evaluation and analysis by a group of six
independent WiMAX thought leaders from CWLab, Farpoint Group, Forward Concepts, lead research, Yankee
Group, and etc.; and representatives from xchange magazine and Trendsmedia. The panel received more than 40
nominations and deliberations were challenging. With it’s superior technology and product features, ZyXEL ’
WiMAX series stood out from the competition and won the honor of Expo.
ZyXEL MAX-100/200 WiMAX Products Won the “Best of WiMAX World Awards 2006” for Devices/Peripherals/Application Software
Award
WiMAX Product Adapts:Indoor CPE: MAX 200 SeriesOutdoor CPE: MAX 300 Series
Last Mile Substitution
3G Radio Access Network
WiMAX Radio Access Network
Urban
Rural
Applications:Last Mile Substitution
Rural DSL-like Access
WiMAX Product Adapts:PCMCIA Card: MAX 100 Series
Indoor CPE: MAX 200 SeriesOutdoor CPE: MAX 300 Series
Applications:3G Complement
3G Replacement
Rural DSL-like Access
ZyXEL Outdoor CPE
ZyXEL Indoor CPE
Tight Integration
Loose Integration
Macro BS
Micro BS
ASN-GW
Billing
gngBillinHomeme e ae agent
AAA
ASN
ASN
IMS(IP Multimedia
Subsystem)
CoreNetwork
RAN
WiMAXASN
SGSN
ASN-GW
al ALocaRNC BS
BS
GGSN
9 10
