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GalactorrheaClassification and external resources

ICD-10 N64.3(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/N64.3),O92.6(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/O92.6)

ICD-9 611.6 (http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=611.6),676.6 (http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=676.6)

DiseasesDB 6314 (http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb6314.htm)

Patient UK Galactorrhea (http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/galactorrhoea)

MeSH D005687 (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D005687)

GalactorrheaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Galactorrhea (also spelledgalactorrhoea) (galacto- + -rrhea) orlactorrhea (lacto- + -rrhea) is thespontaneous flow of milk from thebreast, unassociated with childbirthor nursing.

Galactorrhea is reported to occur in5%-32% percent of women. Much ofthe difference in reported incidencecan be attributed to differentdefinitions of galactorrhea.[1]

Although frequently benign, it maybe caused by serious underlyingconditions and should be properlyinvestigated.[2] Galactorrhea alsooccurs in males, newborn infants and adolescents of both sexes.[3]

Contents

1 Causes2 Neonatal milk3 See also4 References5 External links

CausesIt can be due to dysregulation of certain hormones or local causes such as excessive nipple stimulation.Hormonal causes most frequently associated with galactorrhea are hyperprolactinemia and thyroid conditionswith elevated levels of TSH or TRH hormones. No obvious cause is found in about 50% of cases.[1]

Lactation requires the presence of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, and the evaluation of galactorrheaincludes eliciting a history for various medications or foods (methyldopa, opiates, antipsychotics, serotoninreuptake inhibitors, as well as licorice[4]) and for behavioral causes (stress, and breast and chest wallstimulation), as well as evaluation for pregnancy, pituitary adenomas (with overproduction of prolactin or

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Look up galactorrhea inWiktionary, the freedictionary.

compression of the pituitary stalk), and hypothyroidism. Adenomas of the anterior pituitary are most oftenprolactinomas. Overproduction of prolactin leads to cessation of menstrual periods and infertility, which may bea diagnostic clue. Galactorrhea may also be caused by hormonal imbalances owing to birth control pills.

Galactorrhea is also a side effect associated with the use of the second-generation H2 receptor antagonistCimetidine (trade name: Tagamet). Galactorrhea can also be caused by anti-psychotics that causehyperprolactinemia by blocking dopamine receptors responsible for control of prolactin release. Of these,risperidone is the most notorious for causing this complication. Case reports suggest proton-pump inhibitorshave been shown to cause Galactorrhea.

Neonatal milkNeonatal milk or witch's milk is milk secreted from the breasts of many newborn infants. It is considered anormal variation and no treatment or testing is necessary. In folklore, witch's milk was believed to be a sourceof nourishment for witches' familiar spirits.[5]

See also

Galactagogue, a substance that promotes lactation in humans and animals

References1. Sakiyama, R.; Quan, M. (1983). "Galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia". Obstetrical & gynecological survey 38 (12):

689–700. PMID 6361641 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6361641).2. Whitman-Elia, G. F.; Windham, N. Q. (2000). "Galactorrhea may be clue to serious problems. Patients deserve a

thorough workup". Postgraduate Medicine 107 (7): 165–168, 171. doi:10.3810/pgm.2000.06.1129(https://dx.doi.org/10.3810%2Fpgm.2000.06.1129). PMID 10887453 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10887453).

3. Rohn, R. D. (1984). "Galactorrhea in the adolescent". Journal of adolescent health care : official publication of theSociety for Adolescent Medicine 5 (1): 37–49. PMID 6420385 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6420385).

4. Karimi, H; Nourizad, S; Momeni, M; Rahbar, H; Momeni, M; Farhadi, K (2013). "Burns, hypertrophic scar andgalactorrhea" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683415). Journal of injury & violence research 5 (2):117–9. doi:10.5249/jivr.v5i2.314 (https://dx.doi.org/10.5249%2Fjivr.v5i2.314). PMC 3683415(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683415). PMID 23456048(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456048).

5. Potts, Malcolm (1999). Ever Since Adam and Eve: The Evolution of Human Sexuality. p. 145. ISBN 0-521-64404-6.

External links

familydoctor.org

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(http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/reproductive/breast/673.html) has a goodoverview of galactorrhea.http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/breasthealth/common_breast_conditions/gynecomastia_male.htmMR images (http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/kiosk_image.html?mode=pt&pt_id=13732#pic) Galactorrheaand Pituitary tumors (microadenoma)

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Categories: Breast milk Infancy Witchcraft Breast diseases

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