wikimama - Indian Economy 1950 (11th) - free notes- class 11th and 12th

8/4/2019 wikimama - Indian Economy 1950 (11th) - free notes- class 11th and 12th

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Oefoje Amhehgy AMH'::vl

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OEFOJE AMHEHG_ :?1;':??;

Z:% Facoea j {nje%

Je}tap9 J {nje }{ann} hqv lht vla pa}hqpma} hc j ejvohe }lhqnf à {qv vh q}a% Ov

}lhqnf ljsa }hga daeapjn dhjn} j} tann j} }{amocom hìamvosa} tloml jpa vh à

jmloasaf tovloe j }{amocoaf {apohf hc voga%

Z0% Tly fof Oefoj h{v chp {njeeoed8

Je}tap9 Jv vla voga hc oefa{aefaema vla Oefoje amhehgy tj} oe ov} thp}v }vjda%

Vla DF[. Ejvohejn jef [ap Mj{ovj oemhga tj} sapy nht jef vla qeag{nhygaev tj}

sapy lodl% Vla Oefq}vpojn dphtvl tj} oe}odeocomjev. asae vla Jdpomqnvqpjn ]amvhp tj}

ehv fhoed tann% Vla pa}hqpma} tapa sapy nogovaf% ]h vla najfap} ljf vh gjba j {nje

vh oeovojva j {phma}} hc fasanh{gaev tloml thqnf pjo}a vla nosoed }vjefjpf} jef h{ae

hqv vh vla {ah{na eat h{{hpvqeovoa} chp j pomlap jef ghpa sjpoaf noca%

Z=% Tly }lhqnf {nje} ljsa dhjn}8

Je}tap9 ]oema vla pa}hqpma} jpa nogovaf }h hea mje ehv ajml jef asapy hìamvosa oe

hea dh% Hea eaaf} vh co| }hga dhjn} jef {nje vh jmloasa ov {pohpovy to}a oe j }{amocom

{apohf hc voga% J {nje }lhqnf ljsa }hga daeapjn dhjn} j} tann j} }{amocom dhjn} tloml

jpa vh à jmloasaf tovloe j }{amocoaf {apohf hc voga%

Z6% Tljv jpa gopjmna }aaf}8

Je}tap9 Vla lodl yoanfoed sjpoavy ,L_S/ }aaf} jpa mjnnaf vla gopjmna }aaf}% Ov

oempaj}af vla {phfqmvohe hc chhf dpjoe} }odeocomjevny%

Z1% Tljv o} gjpbavj`na }qp{nq}8

Je}tap9 Vla cjpgap} baa{ vla jdpomqnvqpjn {phfqma chp vlaop hte mhe}qg{vohe cop}v

jef oc vlapa o} jey }qp{nq} vlay }ann ov oe vla gjpbav% Vla {hpvohe hc jdpomqnvqpjn

{phfqma tloml o} vh à }hnf oe vla gjpbav `y vla cjpgap} o} mjnnaf vla gjpbavj`na

}qp{nq}%

Z3% A|{njoe vla eaaf jef vy{a hc njef pachpg} og{nagaevaf oe vla

jdpomqnvqpjn }amvhp%


2/9


lvv{9((tobogjgj%oe

Je}tap9 Jv vla voga hc oefa{aefaema. vla njef vaeqpa }y}vag tj} mljpjmvapoaf `y

oevapgafojpoa} mjnnaf jgoefjp}. ijdopfjp} avm% tlh gapany mhnnamvaf paev cphg vla

jmvqjn vonnap hc vla }hon tovlhqv mhevpo`qvoed vhtjpf} og{phsagaev} he vla cjpg% Vlo}

faghvosjvaf vla jmvqjn vonnap jef vla {phfqmvosovy tj} sapy nht% Vlapa tj} je qpdaev

eaaf hc njef pachpg {hnomy% Vla cop}v {hnomy tloml tj} oevphfqmaf `y vla dhsapegaev

tj} vla {hnomy hc njef vh vla vonnap. tloml tj} j}af he vla ofaj vljv vla mqnvosjvhp}

tonn vjba ghpa oevapa}v. vlay tonn ljsa ghpa oemaevosa oe oempaj}oed hqv{qv oc vlay jpa

vla hteap} hc vla njef% Vlo} o} àmjq}a hteap}lo{ hc njef aej`na} vla vonnap vh gjba

{phcov cphg vla oempaj}af hqv{qv%

Njef maonoed tj} jehvlap {hnomy vh {phghva azqovy oe vla jdpomqnvqpjn }amvhp% Vlo}

gaje} co|oed vla gj|ogqg }oa hc njef tloml mhqnf à hteaf `y je oefosofqjn% Vla

{qp{h}a hc njef maonoed tj} vh pafqma vla mhemaevpjvohe hc njef hteap}lo{ oe j cat

ljef}%

Z4% Tljv o} Dpaae Pashnqvohe8 Tly tj} ov og{nagaevaf jef lht fof ov

àeacov vla cjpgap}8 A|{njoe oe `poac%

Je}tap9 Vla vapg Dpaae Pashnqvohe pacap} vh vla njpda oempaj}a oe {phfqmvohe hc

chhf dpjoe} pa}qnvoed cphg vla q}a hc lodl yoanfoed sjpoavy ,L_S/ }aaf} a}{amojnny chp

tlajv jef poma%

Vla q}a hc vla}a }aaf} pazqopaf vla q}a hc capvonoap jef {a}vomofa oe vla mhppamv

zqjevovoa} j} tann j} padqnjp }q{{ny hc tjvap%

Ov tj} og{nagaevaf amjq}a jv oefa{aefaema. j`hqv 41! hc vla mhqevpy}

{h{qnjvohe tj} fa{aefaev he jdpomqnvqpa% @qv vla {phfqmvosovy oe vla jdpomqnvqpjn

}amvhp tj} sapy nht àmjq}a hc vla q}a hc hnf vamlehnhdy jef vla j`}aema hc

pazqopaf oecpj}vpqmvqpa chp vla sj}v gjihpovy hc cjpgap}% Oefoj} jdpomqnvqpa sovjnny

fa{aef} he vla ghe}hhe jef oc ghe}hhe cann }lhpv vla cjpgap} tapa oe vphq`na

qena}} vlay ljf jmma}} vh oppodjvohe cjmonovoa} tloml sapy cat ljf%


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@y vla q}a hc L_S }aaf} vla {phfqmvosovy hc chhf dpjoe} oempaj}af pagjpbj`ny jef j

dhhf {ph{hpvohe hc vla poma jef tlajv {phfqmaf fqpoed vla dpaae pashnqvohe {apohf

,jsjonj`na j} gjpbavaf }qp{nq}/ tj} }hnf `y vla cjpgap} oe vla gjpbav%

Z


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eat vamlehnhdy `qv jn}h vh mljeda} oe }hmojn hqvnhhb }qml j} vla pamhdeovohe vljv

thgae }lhqnf ljsa vla }jga podlv} j} gae%

Vlapachpa vlo} o} tphed vh }jy vljv ghfapeojvohe j} j {njeeoed hìamvosa mpajva

mhevpjfomvohe oe vla nodlv hc ag{nhygaev daeapjvohe%

Z:;% Tly tj} ov eama}}jpy chp j fasanh{oed mhqevpy noba Oefoj vh chnnht }ancpanojema j} j {njeeoed

hìamvosa8

Je}tap9 Ov tj} eama}}jpy chp j fasanh{oed mhqevpy noba Oefoj vh chnnht }anc' panojema

j} j {njeeoed hìamvosa% Tlae ta the hqp cpaafhg vla {njeeap} hc hqp mhqevpy

mhe}ofapaf ov j eama}}ovy oe hpfap vh pafqma hqp fa{aefaema he chpaode mhqevpoa}.

a}{amojnny chp chhf% Cqpvlap. ov tj} cajpaf vljv fa{aefaema he og{hpvaf chhf

}q{{noa}. chpaode vamlehnhdy jef chpaode mj{ovjn gjy gjba Oefoj} }hsapaodevy

sqneapj`na vh chpaode oevapcapaema oe hqp {hnomoa}%

Vlapachpa vla cop}v }asae cosa yajp {nje} djsa og{hpvjema vh }anc'panojema tloml

gaje} jshofoed og{hpv} hc vlh}a dhhf} tloml mhqnf à {phfqmaf oe Oefoj ov}anc%

Z::% Tljv o} }amvhpjn mhg{h}ovohe hc je amhehgy8 O} ov eama}}jpy vljv vla

}apsoma }amvhp }lhqnf mhevpo`qva gj|ogqg vh DF[ hc je amhehgy8

Mhggaev%

Je}tap9 Vla DF[ hc j mhqevpy o} faposaf cphg vla foccapaev }amvhp} hc vla amhehgy.

ejgany vla jdpomqnvqpjn }amvhp. vla oefq}vpojn }amvhp jef vla }apsoma }amvhp% Vla

mhevpo`qvohe gjfa `y ajml hc vla}a }amvhp} gjba} q{ vla }vpqmvqpjn(}amvhpjn

mhg{h}ovohe hc vla amhehgy%

Q}qjnny. tovl fasanh{gaev. vla }ljpa hc jdpomqnvqpa famnoea} jef vla }ljpa hc

oefq}vpy àmhga} fhgoejev% Jv lodlap nasan} hc fasanh{gaev. vla }apsoma }amvhp

mhevpo`qva} ghpa vh vla DF[ vlje vla hvlap vth }amvhp}% Oe Oefoj. vla }ljpa hc

jdpomqnvqpa oe vla DF[ tj} ghpa vlje 1;!' j} ta thqnf a|{amv chp j {hhp mhqevpy%

@qv `y :??; vla }ljpa hc vla }apsoma }amvhp tj} 6;%1?!. ghpa vlje vljv hc

jdpomqnvqpa hp oefq}vpy. noba tljv ta coef oe fasanh{af ejvohe}% Vlo} oempaj}af cqpvlap

oe vla {h}v :??: {apohf%


5/9


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]AMVHP :?1;'1:,!

mhevpo`qvohe oe DF[/

:??;'?: ,!

mhevpo`qvohe oe DF[/

Jdpomqnvqpa 1?%; =6%?

Oefq}vpy :=%; 06%3

]apsoma} 0


6/9


lvv{9((tobogjgj%oe

Z:6% Tlona }q`}ofoa} aemhqpjda cjpgap} vh q}a eat vamlehnhdy. vlay jpa j

lqda `qpfae he dhsapegaev coejema}% Fo}mq}} vla q}acqnea}} hc }q`}ofoa} oe

vla nodlv hc vlo} cjmv%

Je}tap9 Jey eat vamlehnhdy tonn à nhhbaf q{he j} àoed po}by `y cjpgap}%

]q`}ofoa} tapa. vlapachpa. eaafaf vh aemhqpjda cjpgap} vh va}v vla eat vamlehnhdy%

]hga amhehgo}v} ànoasa vljv hema vla vamlehnhdy o} chqef {phcovj`na jef o} tofany

jfh{vaf. }q`}ofoa} }lhqnf à {lj}af hqv }oema vlaop {qp{h}a lj} àae }apsaf%

Cqpvlap. }q`}ofoa} jpa gajev vh àeacov vla cjpgap} `qv j }q`}vjevojn jghqev hc

capvonoap }q`}ofy jn}h àeacov} vla capvonoap oefq}vpy2 jef jghed cjpgap}. vla }q`}ofy

njpdany àeacov} vla cjpgap} oe vla ghpa {ph}{aphq} padohe}% Vlapachpa. ov o} jpdqaf

vljv vlapa o} eh mj}a chp mhevoeqoed tovl capvonoap }q`}ofoa}2 ov fha} ehv àeacov vla

vjpdav dphq{ jef ov o} j lqda qpfae he vla dhsapegaev} coejema}%

He vla hvlap ljef. }hga ànoasa vljv vla dhsapegaev }lhqnf mhevoeqa tovl

jdpomqnvqpjn }q`}ofoa} àmjq}a cjpgoed oe Oefoj mhevoeqa} vh à j po}by `q}oea}}% Gh}v

cjpgap} jpa sapy {hhp jef vlay tonn ehv à j`na vh jcchpf vla pazqopaf oe{qv} tovlhqv

}q`}ofoa}% Anogoejvoed }q`}ofoa} tonn oempaj}a vla oeazqjnovy àvtaae poml jef {hhp

cjpgap jef sohnjva vla dhjn hc azqovy% Vla}a a|{apv} jpdqa vljv oc }q`}ofoa} jpa

njpdany àeacovoed vla capvonoap oefq}vpy jef òd cjpgap}. vla mhppamv {hnomy o} ehv

j`hno}l }q`}ofoa} `qv vh vjba }va{} vh oe}qpa vljv heny vla {hhp cjpgap} aeihy vla

àeacov}%

Z:1% Tly fa}{ova vla og{nagaevjvohe hc dpaae pashnqvohe. 31! hc hqp

{h{qnjvohe mhevoeqaf vh à aedjdaf oe vla jdpomqnvqpa }amvhp vonn :??;8

Je}tap9 Oe Oefoj. àvtaae :?1; jef :??;. vla {ph{hpvohe DF[ mhevpo`qvaf `y

jdpomqnvqpa famnoeaf }odeocomjevny `qv ehv vla {h{qnjvohe fa{aefoed he ov ,34%1! oe

:?1; vh 36%?! `y :??;/% Vla jdpomqnvqpjn hqv{qv mhqnf ljsa dphte tovl gqml na}}

{ah{na thpboed oe vla }amvhp% Vlo} o} àmjq}a vla oefq}vpojn }amvhp jef vla }apsoma


7/9


lvv{9((tobogjgj%oe

}amvhp fof ehv j`}hp` vla {ah{na thpboed oe vla jdpomqnvqpjn }amvhp% Gjey amhehgo}v}

mjnn vlo} je og{hpvjev cjonqpa hc hqp {hnomoa} chnnhtaf fqpoed :?1;':??;%

Z:3% Vlhqdl {q`nom }amvhp o} sapy a}}aevojn chp oefq}vpoa}. gjey {q`nom

}amvhp qefapvjboed} oemqp lqda nh}}a} jef jpa j fpjoe he vla amhehgy}

pa}hqpma}% Fo}mq}} vla q}acqnea}} hc {q`nom }amvhp qefapvjboed} oe vla nodlv

hc vlo} cjmv%

Je}tap9 Oe }{ova hc vla mhevpo`qvohe gjfa `y vla {q`nom }amvhp vh vla dphtvl hc vla

Oefoje amhehgy. }hga amhehgo}v} jpa mpovomjn hc vla {apchpgjema hc gjey {q`nom

}amvhp aevap{po}a}% Oeovojnny {q`nom }amvhp tj} pazqopaf oe j òd tjy% Ov o} eht tofany

lanf vljv }vjva aevap{po}a} mhevoeqaf vh {phfqma mapvjoe dhhf} jef }apsoma} ,hcvae

gheh{hnooed vlag/ jnvlhqdl vlo} tj} eh nhedap pazqopaf% Vla {ph`nag o} vljv eh

fo}voemvohe tj} gjfa àvtaae ,o/ tljv vla {q`nom }amvhp jnhea mje fh jef ,oo/ tljv

vla {posjva }amvhp mje jn}h fh% Chp a|jg{na. asae eht heny vla {qòm }amvhp mje

}q{{ny ejvohejn facae}a jef asae vlhqdl vla {posjva }amvhp mje gjejda lhvan} tann.

yav. vla dhsapegaev jn}h pqe} lhvan}% Vlo} lj} naf }hga }mlhnjp} vh jpdqa vljv vla

}vjva }lhqnf dav hqv hc jpaj} tloml vla {posjva }amvhp mje gjejda jef vla

dhsapegaev gjy mhemaevpjva ov} pa}hqpma} he og{hpvjev }apsoma} tloml vla {posjva

}amvhp mjeehv {phsofa%

Gjey {q`nom }amvhp copg} oemqppaf lqda nh}}a} `qv mhevoeqaf vh cqemvohe àmjq}a ov o}

sapy foccomqnv. jngh}v og{h}}o`na. vh mnh}a j dhsapegaev qefapvjboed asae oc ov o} j

fpjoe he vla ejvohe} nogovaf pa}hqpma}% Vlo} fha} ehv gaje vljv {posjva copg} jntjy}

{phcovj`na ,oefaaf. zqova j cat hc vla {q`nom }amvhp copg} tapa hpodoejnny {posjva copg}

tloml tapa he vla sapda hc mnh}qpa fqa vh nh}}a}2 vlay tapa vlae ejvohejnoaf vh

{phvamv vla ih`} hc vla thpbap}/% Lhtasap. j nh}}'gjboed {posjva copg tonn ehv tj}va

pa}hqpma} `y àoed ba{v pqeeoed fa}{ova vla nh}}a}%

Z:4% A|{njoe lht og{hpv }q`}vovqvohe mje {phvamv fhga}vom oefq}vpy%

Je}tap9 Og{hpv }q`}vovqvohe o} jn}h behte j} je oetjpf nhhboed vpjfa }vpjvady% Vlo}


8/9


lvv{9((tobogjgj%oe

{hnomy jogaf jv pa{njmoed hp }q`}vovqvoed og{hpv} tovl fhga}vom {phfqmvohe% Chp

a|jg{na. oe}vajf hc og{hpvoed salomna} gjfa oe j chpaode mhqevpy. oefq}vpoa} thqnf

`a aemhqpjdaf vh {phfqma vlag oe Oefoj ov}anc% Oe vlo} {hnomy vla dhsapegaev

{phvamvaf vla fhga}vom oefq}vpoa} cphg chpaode mhg{avovohe% [phvamvohe cphg og{hpv}

vhhb vth chpg}9 vjpocc} jef zqhvj}% Vjpocc} jpa vj| he og{hpvaf dhhf}2 vlay gjba

og{hpvaf dhhf} ghpa a|{ae}osa jef fo}mhqpjda vlaop q}a% Zqhvj} }{amocy vla

zqjevovy hc dhhf} tloml mje `a og{hpvaf% Vla accamv hc vjpocc} jef zqhvj} o} vljv vlay

pa}vpomv og{hpv} jef. vlapachpa. {phvamv vla fhga}vom copg} cphg chpaode mhg{avovohe%

Z:


9/9


lvv{9((tobogjgj%oe

yajp%

1% L_S ]aaf} A% Og{phsagaev} oe vla coanf hc jdpomqnvqpa vh

oempaj}a ov} {phfqmvosovy%

3% ]q`}ofy C% Vla gheavjpy j}}o}vjema dosae `y dhsapegaev

chp {phfqmvohe jmvosovoa}%

Je}tap9

:%' M

0 F

= @

6 A

1 J

3 C

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wikimama - Indian Economy 1950 (11th) - free notes- class 11th and 12th