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P|gpi|vkit ge Fivi|jkhahvt
Vmi egnngrkhb p|gpi|vkit a|i v|yi eg| fivi|jkhahvt ge ann
g|fi|t( Mgriui|. ri rknn p|gukfi p|gget
ghn{ eg| a vmk|f g|fi| fivi|jkhahv(
-k+ Ke |grt li dmahbif khvg dgnyjht ahf dgnyjht khvg vmi |grt.
vmih vmi uanyit ge vmi
fivi|jkhahv |ijakht yhanvi|if. -k(i( ke vmi dg||itpghfkhb |grt
ahf dgnyjht a|i
khvi|dmahbif+ g| ~A~ : ~A ~(Tkhdi vmi fivi|jkhahv dah li
i}pahfif vm|gybm ah{ |gr g| ah{ dgnyjh. vmi uanyi ge vmi
fivi|jkhahv |ijakht yhdmahbif iuih ke vmi |grt ahf dgnyjht a|i
khvi|dmahbif(
-kk+ Ke ah{ vrg |grt -g| dgnyjht+ ge a fivi|jkhahv a|i
khvi|dmahbif. vmi |itynvkhb
fivi|jkhahv kt vmi hibavkui ge vmi g|kbkhan fivi|jkhahv(
-kkk+ Ke ann vmi inijihvt ge a |gr -g| a dgnyjh+ a|i zi|g. vmih
vmi uanyi ge vmi fivi|jkhahv kt
zi|g(
-ku+ Ke vrg |grt -g| vrg dgnyjht+ kh a fivi|jkhahv maui
dg||itpghfkhb inijihvt vmav a|i
iqyan. vmi uanyi ge vmi fivi|jkhahv kt iqyan vg zi|g(
-u+ Ke iadm ge vmi inijihvt ge ghi |gr -g| dgnyjht+ ge a
fivi|jkhahv kt jynvkpnkif l{ c. vmih
vmi hir fivi|jkhahv kt c vkjit vmi g|kbkhan fivi|jkhahv(
A dgjjgh eadvg| ge ah{ |gr g| ah{ dgnyjh ge vmi fivi|jkhahv dah
li vacih gyv ge vmi
fivi|jkhahv at a eadvg|(
Hgvi? Niv A : -ako+ li a tqya|i jav|k} ge g|fi| h( Vmih cA :
-cako+ ~cA~ : ch
~A~
tkhdi vmi eadvg| c kt vacih gyv ge vmi fivi|jkhahv e|gj iadm ge
vmi h |grt g| h
dgnyjht(
-uk+ Ke vmi dg||itpghfkhb inijihvt ge ah{ vrg |grt -g| dgnyjht+
ge a fivi|jkhahv a|i
p|gpg|vkghan. vmi uanyi ge vmi fivi|jkhahv kt zi|g(
-ukk+ Ke iadm inijihv kh a |gr -g| dgnyjh+ ge a fivi|jkhahv kt
r|kvvih at vmi tyj ge vrg g|
jg|i vi|jt vmih vmi fivi|jkhahv dah li r|kvvih at vmi tyj ge vrg
g| jg|i fivi|jkhahvt(
-ukkk+ Ke vg iadm inijihv ge a nkhi -|gr g| dgnyjh+ ge a
fivi|jkhahv li affif vmi iqykjyvkpnit
ge vmi dg||itpghfkhb inijihvt ge ghi g| jg|i pa|annin nkhit. vmi
fivi|jkhahv |ijakht
yhanvi|if k(i(
1 < 4 < 4
1 < 4 < 4
1 < 4 < 4
a na ja a a
l nl jl l l
d nd jd d d
:
1 < 4 < < 4 4 < 4
1 < 4 < < 4 4 < 4
1 < 4 < < 4 4 < 4
a a a na a a ja a a
l l l nl l l jl l l
d d d nd d d jd d d
1 < 4 < < 4 4 < 4
1 < 4 < < 4 4 < 4
1 < 4 < < 4 4 < 4
a a a a a a a a a
l l l n l l l j l l ld d d d d d d d d
:
1 < 4
1 < 4
1 < 4
a a a
l l l 0 0
d d d
:
1 < 4
1 < 4
1 < 4
a a a
l l l
d d d
(
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-k}+ Ke a fivi|jkhahv F uahktmit eg| } : a. vmih -} a+ kt a
eadvg| ge F. Kh gvmi| rg|ft. ke vrg
|grt -g| vrg dgnyjht+ lidgji kfihvkdan eg| } : a vmih -} a+ kt a
eadvg| ge F(
Kh bihi|an. ke | |grt -g| | dgnyjht+ lidgji kfihvkdan rmih a kt
tyltvkvyvif eg| }. vmih -} a+|*1 kt
a eadvg| ge F(
P|gfydv ge Vrg Fivi|jkhahvt
Ri dah r|kvi
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 4 1 4 1 41 1 1 1 1 1
< < < < < < < 1 < 1 < 1 < <
< < < < < 4 < 4 < 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 < 4 < 4 < 4 4 4 4 4 4
a l d a l d a l da l d
a l d a l d a l d a l d
a l d a l d a l d a l d
Mi|i ri maui jynvkpnkif |grt l{ |grt( Ri dah antg jynvkpn{ |grt
l{ dgnyjht g|
dgnyjht l{ |grt. g| dgnyjht l{ dgnyjht( Kv egnngrt e|gj vmi eadv
vmav ~A~ : ~A ~(
Jg|igui|. ~AL~ : ~A~ ~L~ : ~L~ ~A~ rmi|i A ahf L a|i tqya|i
jav|kdit ge vmi taji
g|fi|(
Hgvi? Ke : ~ako~ kt a fivi|jkhahv ge g|fi| h. vmih vmi uanyi ge
vmi fivi|jkhahv ~A ko~. rmi|i Ako kt vmi
dgeadvg| ge ako. kth 1
( Vmkt kt chgrh at pgri| dgeadvg| eg|jyna(Tpidkan
Fivi|jkhahvt
1( T{jjiv|kd fivi|jkhahv
Vmi inijihvt tkvyavif av iqyan fktvahdi e|gj vmi fkabghan a|i
iqyan lgvm kh jabhkvyfi
ahf tkbh. k(i( ~ako~ : ~aok~(
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A tqya|i jav|k} A kt takf vg li hgh*tkhbyna| ke A 0. ahf a
tqya|i jav|k} A kt takf vg li
tkhbyna| ke A : 0( Mi|i ~A~ -g| fiv-A+ g| tkjpn{ fiv A+ jiaht
dg||itpghfkhb
fivi|jkhahv ge vmi tqya|i jav|k} A?
Yhkva|{ Jav|k}?
A tqya|i jav|k} kt takf vg li yhkva|{ ke A A : K( Tkhdi A : A
ahf~ A A~ : ~ A ~ ~A~. ~ A ~ ~A~ : 1(Vmyt vmi fivi|jkhahv ge
yhkva|{ jav|k} kt ge yhkv jgfynyt( Eg| a jav|k} vg li yhkva|{
kv
jytv li hgh*tkhbyna|(
G|vmgbghan Jav|k}?
A tqya|i jav|k} A ge g|fi| h kt takf vg li g|vmgbghan ke AA : A
A : hK (
Kfijpgvihv Jav|k}?
A tqya|i jav|k} A kt dannif kfijpgvihv ke kv tavktekit vmi
|inavkgh A
