WIGOS & WIS Sub-regional Workshop Date, Venue Name of the presenter

WIGOS & WIS Sub-regional Workshop Date, Venue

Name of the presenterTitle, name of the national organization

Email address (AAA@XXX)

WIGOS WIS – AFRICA Sub-regional workshop

(name of the country) Presentation

Outline of the presenttaion

1. Introduction

2. Organizational Chart

3. Mission and Basic Info of (full name of your NMHSs)

4. Network of Observations within NMHS (current status)

5. Network of Observations outside of Met Services (current status)

6. Data collection, transmission and management

7. Data application status and examples

8. Key achievements, opportunities & challenges (strength, weakness, major difficulty areas, potential risks, etc)

9. Future plans (new challenges and opportunities-forward looking)

10. Key recommendations

11. Conclusion

1. Introdution1. Basic information of the country

1) Geography 2) Climate zones and meteorological extremes (rainfall, etc)3) Population

2. Major historical meteorological disaster events1) Disaster type and distribution (Ref Amos presentation)2) Life and economic loss (Ref. Senegal presentation)

3. Major National Economic sectors relying on Met Services

1) Agriculture2) Transporation3) …

Example: RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for WIGOS and WIS for West Africa

Geografical location

An island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands, locate in athalantic ocean, about 640 km of Western Africa ( Senegal )

Most reported events in Africa

Drought Floods, incl.

flash floods Severe

storms and Tropical

cyclons Sandstorms Bush fires

Flash floods in Zvishavane, 22/ 11/ 2012, 09:43hrs, after a short lived intense storm.(Photo by Elisha N Moyo Meteorological Services Department Zimbabwe

2. Organizational Chart

• Examples of Senegal, Ghana (GMET),– i.e.: Governance structure– Reporting lines (from NMHS to government)– Partner parallel organization relevant to Met

Services– Internal structures (observing and

telecommunication division/unit within your Met Services)

Meteorology

OVERVIEW:ORGANOGRAM

Department of Water Resources

Communication Data AnalysisHydrologyWater Quality

Rural Water Supply

Surface Water Discharge

Salinity Monitoring

Forecast

Atmosphere –Land - Ocean Observation &

Monitoring

Climate

Research & Applications

Water Sampling Monitoring

Data Bank

Monitoring & Repair of

Instruments

Maintenance of computer equipment

Planning,design & siting water point

Planning, design & drilling of Borehole

Supervision of well construction

Ground Water Level Monitoring

The Gambia: www.mofwrnam.gov.gm

ANACIM :National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology

Director General (PR?)

Navigation Meteorology Air Transportation

Quality and Norms

ACPPrincipal

Accountant

Secretary General

Ministry in charge of Air Transportation

Dep. R&D

Dep. Operating

and Forecasting

Service of Observing networkM. Aero and General Forecasting

Marine Meteorology

3. Mission and Basic Info of NMHS

1) Historical development2) Current Mission (ToR, Mandate, for example,

climate services, aviation services, hydrological, marine, environmental, air pollution, etc)

3) Vision statement (if have)4) Major service clients (agriculture, fishery,

transporation, aviation, climate adapation…5) Staff, composition (mainly observers,

technicians for observations, instruments and telecommunications) and competence..

6) Budget & Finance status (optional)

Introduction (example..)

• Three (3) climatological stations were established in

1886

• By 1937 a modest meteorological service was in

West Africa

• In 1957 the Ghana Meteorological Services

Department (MSD) was born

• Then in December 2004, Ghana Meteorological

Agency was established (Act 682)

4. Network of Observations within Met Services (current status)

• 4.1 Surface stations– Maps with legend (ex. Guinea, Nigeria,

Senegal.)– Tables with more details (type-manual or AWS,

observing frequency,etc)– History of these stations (including those silent

stations)– …..

RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for WIGOS and WIS for West Africa

6 ( six ) standard stations

Instruments :

- Shelter with dry, wet, maximam and minimam thermometers - Heliograph - Rain gauge - Evaporation basin - Rain gauge

Collected data in a booklet, and after stored in a data base.

Classical ( Standard ) Stations


Climatological Automatic Weather Stations

Sensors: - Ultrassonic wind - Temp / RH - Pressure - Radiation - Rain GaugeComunication : - Modem ( GPRS Protocol )Power : - Solar Panel - Charger controller - Battery

Data stored at central station in Sal


Fifteen stations around the islands

One central station (receive the datas from

all the fifteen AWS, via the modem configured for a SIM card with GPRS protocol)

10 minute and daily files

Climatological Automatic Weather Stations

Example: RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for WIGOS and WIS for West Africa

Aeronautical Automatic Weather Stations

Sensors: - Ultrassonic wind - Temp / RH - Pressure

- Rain Gauge - Visibility - Cloud ( Ceilometer )Comunication : - VHF Radio - Modem ( direct link )Terminals: - TWR - METEO

Example: National Met Stations Network

-16.5 -16 -15.5 -15 -14.5 -14

13.2

13.4

13.6

13.8

B anju lK erew an

K aur

Fatoto

JanjanburehS apu

Jenoi

S ibanor

K untaur

S aresofi

K arantaba

Y alla l

Jam banje lly

Y undumB asse

Day light stations 24 hr. stationsStations closed


25 Agro-met Rainfall stations6 Terrestrial AWSs1 Marine AWS + Tide gauge

Data void area , need to densify the networkFew Automated stations purchased

but problem of maintenance, operations, vadalism

RW

RW

W

W

R RadiosondeW Radiowind

+350

Example for improvement

• Need improve to include legend

GMet’s Achievements

• Observation station network

Type of stations QTYNumber of Parameters measured

Automatic OR Manual

SYNOPTIC STATION 22 6 11 Automatic

AGRO-METEOROLOGICAL 52 4 1 Automatic

CLIMATOLOGICAL 61 4 12 Automatic

RAINFALL 225 1 30 Automatic

RESEARCH 2 5 Manual

54 Automatic Weather Stations installed since 2011

GMet’s Achievements (example for improvement)

• Observation station network

Type of stations QTYNumber of

Parameters measured

Example Manual

(obs frequency)

ExampleAutomatic

(obs. Frequency)

SYNOPTIC STATION 22 6 (T,P,R, W..) 11 (3 hourly) 11 (hourly)

AGRO-METEOROLOGICAL

52 4 51 (3 hourly) 1 (hourly)

CLIMATOLOGICAL 61 4 49(6 hourly) 12 (hourly)

RAINFALL 225 1 195(??) 30 (hourly?)

RESEARCH 2 5 2 (6 hourly?) 0

54 Automatic Weather Stations installed since 2011

EXISTING STATION NETWORKTable 1: Synoptic Weather Stations (use this table gives more detailed info)

S/N State Station Latitude.

Longitude.

altitude variables

Manual/AWS

Frequency(hour1)

Data collect means

…..

1 Ogun Abeokuta 07.17 03.33 100 T,U,P,W,R M 1

2 Ijebu-Ode 06.83 03.93 R A 3

3 Ondo Akure 07.28 05.30 A 6

4 Ondo 07.10 04.83

5 Osun Oshogbo 07.78 04.48

6 Oyo Ibadan 07.43 03.90

7 Iseyin 07.97 03.60

8 Shaki 08.67 03.38

9 Ekiti Ado-Ekiti 07.65 05.20

10 Lagos Ikeja 06.58 03.33

11 Lagos Roof

06.45 03.40

12 Abia Umuahia 05.48 07.55

13 Anambra

Awka 06.20 07.05

14 Ebonyi Abakaliki 06.33 08.10

15 Enugu Enugu 06.47 07.55

Marine Stations

• Marinemet

Case of March 2013 ~ 20 death4-day forecast Wave Hs

Figure: 3 REPARTITION DES ACCIDENTS SUIVANT LES CAUSES

(2008)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

fortehoule

obstacle fauss.man.

avariemat.

panneess.

Mauv.Manip.

Distribution sources of accidents(2008).

Source DPSPo

Carabane

Saint-Louis

Dakar

Transmitted by GPRS to a Central Server Transmitted by ARGOS to the GTS

4. Network of Observations within Met Services (current status)

• 4.2 Upper air stations (Number, type, distribution, observing cycle, etc)– Maps with legend– Tables with more details – History of these stations (including these silent

stations)

Remote observations

Radar

+ RETIM, AMESD: environmental data

Not operating after one year, since 2006

Difficulty of maintaining RadarIn the process…

Upper Air Stations

8

• Location(s): Kano, Abuja, Calabar, Yola, Jos, Enugu, Lagos and Maiduguri

Doppler Weather Radars

• Locations:

Completed sites: Lagos, Abuja and PHC

On-going sites:

Kano,Maiduguri, and Yola.

4. Network of Observations within Met Services (Indicating number, type, distribution, obs. cycle, history of

stations etc, of the stations, one slide for each type of station)

• 4.3 GAW stations– Map with legent

– Table with more details (Instrumentation, mode-operational or research, etc)

• 4.4 Hydrological Stations • 4.5 Marine observing components (if have)• 4.6 Weather Radars• 4.7 other remote sensing observing systems (wind

profiles, lightning detection, etc)• 4.8 Satellite receiving stations

S/N State Station Status

1 Lagos Oshodi Functional

2 Ekiti Usi-Ekiti Functional

3 '' University of Jos Functional

4 '' Gindiri Coll. of Education Functional

5 Imo NRRI/Uni. of Agric Umudike Functional

6 Ebonyi College of Agric. Ishiagu Functional

Table 2: Agricultural Meteorology (Agromet) Stations

NIMET also has 2 AGROMET stations and collects data from 4 others, located within institutions of higher learning.

Plateau

• The several rainfall stations are also presently at the stage of resuscitation• These rainfall stations are manned by voluntary observers, who send their data to NIMET national collection centre for archiving and quality control.

S/NO STATION NO. NAME

1 65205 Lagos

2 65262 Eket

3 65233 Aiyetoro

4 65256 Bonny

5 65266 Calabar

6 65238 Warri

7 65258 PortHarcourt

MARINE STATIONS

5. Network of Observations outside Met Services (current status)

• 5.1 Name of the Partner Organization 1– Relationship with NMHS

– Maps of station distribution with legend

– Tables with more details (type of observations, instrumentation, observing frequency, history of those station, etc)

– Data sharing and exchange status

– Status of collaborations (MoU, agreements, coordination mechanism, data exchange, etc)

– Compliance with WMO standards and practice

– ……

XXX organization Observing Network (example for improvement)

• Overview of XX Observation station network

Type of stations QTYNumber of

Parameters measured

Example Manual

(obs frequency)

ExampleAutomatic

(obs. Frequency)

SYNOPTIC STATION 22 6 (T,P,R, W..) 11 (3 hourly) 11 (hourly)

AGRO-METEOROLOGICAL

52 4 51 (3 hourly) 1 (hourly)

CLIMATOLOGICAL 61 4 49(6 hourly) 12 (hourly)

RAINFALL 225 1 195(??) 30 (hourly?)

RESEARCH 2 5 2 (6 hourly?) 0

5. Network of Observations outside Met Services (current status)-cont.

• 5.2 Name of the Partner Organization 2– Relationship with NMHS

– Map of station distribution with legend

– Table with more details (type of observations, instrumentation, observing frequency, history of the station,etc)

– Data share and exchange status

– Status of collaborations (MoU, agreements, coordination mechanism, data exchange, etc)

– Compliance with WMO standards and practice

– ……

National Hydro Stations Network


S/N Location State LGA Long Lat Parameter measured Status

1 Government Secondary School, Kubwa

FCT Bwari Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

2 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

Ogun Abeokuta 3o20’54” 7o9’39” Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

3 FUT Owerri Imo Owerri North

06o59’848” 05o22’800” Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Not functional

4 Waziri/Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi

Kebbi Birnin Kebbi

4.2003 12.4536 Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

5 College of Education, Katsina-Ala

Benue Katsina-Ala

Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

6 Federal University, Dutse

Jigawa Dutse 9o20’31” 11o42’04” Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

7 Federal University, Afikpo

Ebonyi Afikpo North

7o56’ 5o53’ Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

8 Federal University of Technology, Yola

Adamawa Jimeta 12o27’36” 9o13’48” Precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

Functional

Table 5: Automatic Weather Observation Stations (AWOS) Owned by Nat. Hydrological Agency

DWD September 2012

Stations operated by Deutscher Wetterdienst (main stations) 4 Regional Oberserving Network Groups

Hamburg, Potsdam, Offenbach, Munich

68 Stations with professional Observers, 38 occupied 00-24 UTC, 30 only daytime48 measuring radioactivity (air+precipitation)

28 RBSN Stations 12 Climate Reference (conventional Equipment)

4 GSN-Stations (GCOS) 1 GUAN Station 1 GAW Station

112 Automated Weather Stations with full equipment

17 Weather Radar Stations

9 Aerological Stations (4 autolaunchers, 1 ozone)

4 Wind Profilers

+35 Stations of Bundeswehr Geoinformation Service

DWD September 2012

Additional Stations operated by DWD and Partners

1787 Voluntary Stations (climate; wind; precip), 1367 reporting online (24/1 reports per day)

Ship-based:

844 Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS)

19 Ship (AWS) (24 reports/day)

Last but not least …:

1304 Phenological Stations (observing plants)

1500 (approx) Partner stations (motorways, fed.states, wind energy, (nuclear) power-plants, university, military)

6. Data collection, representative, exchange, and management

• 6.1 Data collection means (manual or auto)

• 6.2 Data representative (BUFR, or ..)

• 6.3 Data exchange (vis GTS, or others, timeliness, etc)

• 6.4 Data management

• 6.5 Historical data rescue

• 6.6 …..

DATA TRANSMISSION

e-Met Message Transmiter

Located at 22 stations

For transmission of real time data to collection centre

Other stations transmit their data through GSM

The national collection centre sends all messages through Niamey to world collection centre.(Toulouse)

Presently, we are planning to pass through Nairobi for more effective transmission.

Zonal Data Center Intranet






National Data Center Intranet

AMDS ClientA

MDS Server

7. Data applications & examples

• 7.1 observational data utilization in real time disaster monitoring

• 7.2 data assimilation in NWP model

• 7.3 data utilization in climate monitoring

• 7.4 data utilization in met services (for info

• 7.5 data utilization in economic sectors

• 7.6…

8. Key achievements, opportunities and challenges

• 8.1 Key achievements– Strength– Recent developments…

• 8.2 New opportunities– Your understanding of WIGOS/WIS as a opportunity– Other WMO Priorities as new opportunity (GFCS, DRR,

Capacity Development,etc)– Your National Societal and economic development as New

development opportunity• 8.3 Major challenges

– Weakness– major difficulty areas– potential risks– Etc..

Example: GMet’s Strengths

GMet’s operations are carried out within the

framework of a Corporate Strategic Plan. That Plan

shows that the GMet possesses a number of

operational resources. These include:

• A basic national network of weather monitoring

facilities

• A competent technical and professional staff

• A dynamic Workers Union that is highly desirous of

witnessing an improvement in the service delivery capacity of

GMet and in the working conditions of the Workers

•Increase in the number and type of Stakeholders and

complex service requests

GMet’s Challenges and Weaknesses

The constraints are of an infrastructural, logistical and human resource kind. Their removal requires greater stakeholder support and collaboration, and, above all, imaginative ways of generating funds.• Inadequate budget and difficulties in Cost Recovery from service delivery for implementation of Strategic Plans•Inadequate Professional staff especially in the Operational areas. •Non existent marine observation network•Poor Producer-User interface for effective Climate Info use. •Non existent Feedback networks to raise skill levels in weather and climate information and prediction•Lack of outreach programs for weather and Climate information and prediction.

Example of NIMET

9. Future plans -5-10 year horizon

• 9.1 New opportunities (like GFCS, UNFCCC, sustainable development) for new observational requirements

• 9.2 New national economic sectors development• 9.3 Existing or potential future plans for

improving observation and telecommunication networks

• 9.4 planned collaborations with partners• …

PROPOSED WEATHER MONITORING NETWORKS

S/N STATES NO. OF LGACURRENT

NUMBER OF STATIONS

NIMET STATIONS

RECOMMENDED NEW

GSM ENABLED

AWS

REMARKS

1 ABIA 18 1 UMUAHIA 182 ADAMAWA 21 1 YOLA 21 To cover many parts of the state

3 AKWA IBOM 31 2UYOEKET 31

4 ANAMBRA 21 1 AWKA 215 BAUCHI 19 1 BAUCHI 19 To cover many parts of the state6 BAYELSA 8 1 YENOGOA 8 To cover many parts of the state7 BENUE 23 1 MAKURDI 23 To cover many parts of the state8 BORNO 26 1 MAIDUGURI 26 To cover many parts of the state

9 CROSS RIVER 18 5CALABAR 1CALABAR 2

IKOM, OGOJA, &

OBUDU

18

10 DELTA 25 5ASABAWARRI 25

Table 6: Synoptic Stations at 774 Locations (Automatic Weather Observing Stations (AWOS))

Cooperation with our stakeholders

• Water Resources Commission -Development of Guidelines for National Dam Safety Unit - Climate change adaptation project (Northern Ghana)- Dev’t of Flood Forecasting Model over White Volta Basin MOFA: Seasonal Forecasts and Dekadal data for Agric use.• VRA : provision of vital weather and climate information for

monitoring of Volta Lake for hydropower generation. • NADMO/HSD: GMet provides expert support for Disaster Risk

Reduction and a 24/7 weather alert services. • GCAA: Services for safe and secure Air Navigation• GACL: Safe landing and airport capacity including pre-departure

weather briefs to pilots.• GIZ: Agric Crop Insurance for farmers.

10. Key recommendations

10.1 Political level recommendation (see example) (to WMO, RA I, Government, etc)

10.2 Policy and management level recommendations– recommendations for promoting synergy within Met

Services– Recommendation for promoting collaboration with

partners within Nation (mechanism, )– Recommendation for improving collaborations within sub-

region or whole region (mechanisms, feasible changes)

10.3 Technical recommendations10.4 Recommendation for promote communication &

outreach10,5 Recommendation for capacity development….

Recommendations and Way Forward• Urgent need to amend Act 682 to address key issues like legal framework on funding and resource

mobilization for the Agency.• The development of relevant and adequate human capital in the Agency especially in areas such as:• Public Weather Service and Disaster risk reduction Climate change studies and research Aeronautical Meteorology Climate modelling and downscaling Extreme value analysis for Weather parameters Marine and Agro Meteorology Numerical Weather Prediction to meet emerging Industry needs.• Provisioning of adequate infrastructural facilities.Engineering a platform for accurate and timely delivery of Climate and weather information for planning and

policy formulation and feedback loops

World Meteorological Organization

• WMO support continues to be needed urgently

• Bilateral networking to be constructed facilitated by WMO

• Learning from best practices from other WMO MEMBER COUNTRIES

Costs – Benefits of meteorological investments – CBS TECO

• An estimate in China: a benefit-cost ratio between 35 and 40 (G. Zhang and Wang 2003).

• Mozambique Met Service: estimated to have a benefit-cost ratio of 70 (World Bank 2008).

• Some European and Asian countries: The ratio of the economic benefits vs costs of met-services modernization programs vary between 2.1 to 14.4 for (World Bank 2008).

• U.S. National Weather Service benefits vs modernization more than threefold (Lazo, Teisberg, and Weiher 2007).

• A Canadian study: gross value of weather forecasting and services to be approximately $1.2 billion/year (Ekos 2007) .

11. ConclusionIn Conclusion (example of Nigeria)• Nigeria has: 54 Synoptic stations 2 Agromet stations 8 Upper air stations 7 Marine stations 6 Radar stations

• has MOU with other stakeholders having: 4 Agromet stations 8 AWOS 70 Hydrological stations

To address the critical gaps:• To add 1000 stations • Resuscitate 500 rainfall stations• Resuscitate 1 GAW station• Resuscitate 1 ozone station• And collaborate with more stakeholders on meteorological data sharing.

Documents

WIGOS & WIS Sub-regional Workshop Date, Venue Name of the presenter