Wide Area Monitoring Using Synchro-Phasor

Devices

Presented By,Hiral Patel

(14530012)Guided By,

Dr. Vishal Kumar

INTRODUCTION

It is well-known that,

Active power proportional to the sine of the angle difference between voltages at the two terminals of the line.

Positive Sequence measurements will provide the most direct access to the state

So, measuring angle differences has been of concern for many years.

Synchronized Phasor Measurement Systems provides all.

What is Monitoring Technology ?

Requirement Of Monitoring

Necessity arise for Invention

Why Digital signal required ? Analog: Resolution Issues, Noise, Long distance Travelling Problem Digital: Simpler, Fast Support

Why Fourier Transform Needed ?

MONITORING

SYNCHRO-PHASOR

What are synchro-phasors ?

Why Require Synchronism ?

How Synchronism Achieved ?

Measurements, Conventional & Modern

WIDE AREA MONITORING

In order to monitor Dynamic Changes especially.

Shortcomings in Conventional SCADA Systems

• The data scan took long time.

• The approximation was to assume - that the system was “static”

• Steady & Non-synchronous information

• Time resolution between 1 to 10 s.

Whereas WAMS enables permanent monitoring

Time-synchronized information every 20 ms (in 50 Hz systems).

MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES

Data Communication

Network

Control/Process NetworkConsisting of several servers

& clientsCommunication for grid

control

Corporate Intranetoperations that are

performed on an office network

DMZexchange data between the

Intranet and the control network

Network Architecture

Communication Between Data Acquisition Units in Substations & Control Centres

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

Modern SCADA and metering devices: IEC 870-5-101/104, IEC 61850

PMU and PDC: IEEE C37.118 protocol

Peer to Peer Communications for Data Transmission Optimization: IEC 60870-5-104 or IEEE C37.118

Protocols Broadly Classified as:

•Currier-current communications by HV transmission lines

• Fibre-optic communication channels on HV transmission lines

•Rented channels;

• Ethernet based local and wide area network LAN/WAN

Comparison of Local Protection Devices, Wide Area Monitoring System & SCADA/EMS for Detection of Power System States

LARGE SCALE WAMS

The main components ofLarge Scale Wide Area Monitoring System (LS-WAMS )

Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs) Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs)

Communication Networks

Data Storage

Application Software

Data Exchange

Data Processin

g

Data Storage

DataVisualizat

ion

PDC

PMU Device

s

Within PDCs

With SCAD

A

For Contro

l & Protect

ion

With Real-time

Visualization

Angle Differe

nce

Low Freq.

Oscillation

Oscillation

Source

Islanding

Voltage Stabilit

y

Circular

Events

Disturbance Recording

Applications of Phasor Measurements in Monitoring, Protection & Control of Future Electric Power Networks

Real Time System State

Determination

Real-Time Congestion Management

Phase Angle Monitoring

Disturbance Propagation

Monitoring

Protection For Wide Area

Disturbances

Road-Map to Effective PMU Networks

Deployment of the smart grid technologies

Effective state estimation

New hardware platforms

CONCLUSION

Additional advantages of large scale WAMS are:

Higher level of power system observability

Early detection of oscillations in the power system

– location and magnitude

– the impact on the local system

– real-time oscillation damping estimation

TSOs have real-time monitoring capability of the whole system

Recording and archiving of events.

Help based on real-time synchronized for TSO operators

In order to monitor dynamic changes and if necessary to alert the system operator wide area monitoring systems are applied which provide information of the whole system with short communication interval .

REFERENCES1. IEEE C37.118-2005, IEEE standard for synchrophasors for power systems (Revision of IEEE Std 1344-1995), pp.1–57 (2006)

2. IEEE C37.118.2-2001, IEEE standard for synchrophasor data transfer for power systems (Revision of IEEE Std C37.118-2005), pp.1–53, (2011)

3. A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications (Springer, New York, 2008) 4. E. Grebe, J. Kabouris, S. Lopez Barba, W. Sattinger, W. Winter, Low Frequency Oscillations in the Interconnected System of

Continental Europe, in IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, (IEEE, 2010), pp. 1–7 5. T. Babnik, U. Gabrijel, B. Mahkovec, M. Perko, G. Sitar, The road from WAMS to WAPCS, in Paper PS3-304, CIGRE B5

Colloquium October (Jeju, Korea, 2009), pp. 19–24 6. ENTSO (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity), https://www.entsoe.eu/ 7. E. Grebe, H. Weber, W. Sattinger, Systemstudien und Messungen zum Anschluss der Türkei an das europäische Verbundsystem,

ETG-Mitgliederinformation, Juli 2011 8. Jaime De La Ree, Senior Member, IEEE, Virgilio Centeno, Senior Member, IEEE, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID,

VOL. 1, NO. 1, JUNE 2010 9. M. G. Adamiak, A. P. Apostolov, M. M. Begovic, C. F. Henville, K. E. Martin, G. L. Michel, A. G.Phadke, and J. S. Thorp, IEEE

TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 21, NO. 2, APRIL 2006 10. Vaithianathan ―Mani‖ Venkatasubramanian, Xunning Yue, Guoping Liu, Michael Sherwood, and Qiang Zhang, IEEE Transactions

on power delivery, 2009. 11. Vladimir Terzija, Senior Member IEEE, Gustavo Valverde, Student Member IEEE, Deyu Cai, Pawel Regulski, Vahid Madani,

Fellow IEEE, John Fitch, Member IEEE, Srdjan Skok, Member IEEE, Miroslav M. Begovic, Fellow IEEE, and Arun Phadke, Life Fellow IEEE, Vol. 99, No. 1, January 2011