Why study Fluid Mechanics? - University of California, San …sdcc3.ucsd.edu/~ir118/Summer2011/MAE1… · PPT file · Web view · 2011-07-16BIOFLUID MECHANICS. Author: Juan P. Lasheras

MAE 101 AINTRODUCTORY FLUID MECHANICS

Winter 2009http://maecourses.ucsd.edu/mae101a/

• Instructor: Dr. Juan C. Lasheras. Professor of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering and Bioengineering. ([email protected]) Office: EBU II room 579. phone: 45437Office hours: Tu. 2pm-4:00pm

• Teaching Assistants:

Head TA: Silvana Sartori. [email protected]. Office hours: TBATA: Anson Brune. [email protected]. Office hours. Tu. Noon – 2PM. EBU2 room 105TA. Kathie Osterday Chapin.

Lecture Room :Center 115. Tu. and Th. 5:00 pm - 6:50pm

• TA Discussion Sessions: TAs will hold weekly (optional) discussion sessions to solve sample problems and answer student questions. TA discussion sessions will start on Friday, Jan. 9 th. Room TBA

http://maecourses.ucsd.edu/mae101a/

mailto:[email protected]



• Prerequisites: Math 20 E (vector calculus), 21 D (differential equations) or equivalent are required.

• Course Description: Fluid statics; fluid kinematics; integral and differential forms of the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy; Bernoulli equation; potential flows; dimensional analysis and similitude.

• Textbook: FLUID MECHANICS. Frank M. White .McGraw Hill. 2005 (6th edition)

Tentative Class Schedule

Week Topics

• Week 1, Introduction. Fundamental Concepts. (Chapter 1)

• Week 2, Basic Flow Analysis Techniques. Streamlines, Streaklines, Pathlines. (Chapter 1)

• Week 3, Fluid Statics. Pressure and Pressure Gradients, Hydrostatic Forces, Buoyancy (Chapter 2)

• Week 4, Basic Equations in Integral Form for Control Volume. The Reynolds Transport Theorem. Conservation of Mass. (Chapter 3)

• FIRST MIDTERMJanuary 29th, 2009 9 (in class)• Week 5, Basic Equations in Integral Form for

Control Volume. Conservation of Linear and Angular Momentum, Energy Equation (Continuation of

Chapter 3)• Week 6, Motion of a Fluid Particle (Chapter 4). • Week 7, Basic Equations of Fluid Motion in Differential

form. (Chapter 4) • SECOND MIDTERM February 19th , 2009 (in class)• Week 8, Basic Equations of Fluid Motion in Differential form

Conservation of Mass and Momentum. (Chapter 4)

• Week 9, Incompressible, Inviscid Flow. Euler’s Equation. Bernoulli Equation.

(Chapter 3 and 4) • Week 10, Dimensional Analysis and Similarity.

(Chapter 5) • Week 11, FINAL EXAM . March 19th. 7PM - 10 PM

• Homework:Homework will be assigned each week. Due every Th. at noon (EBU II 564). TAs will solve problems in his weekly discussion sessions.

• Grading:Homework 10%1st Midterm Exam. 25%2nd Midterm Exam. 25%Final Exam. March 19th 2009. 7PM - 10 PM: 40%

UCSD POLICY ON INTEGRITY OF SCHOLARSHIP

Students' Responsibility

• Students are expected to complete the course in compliance with the instructor's standards. No student shall engage in any activity that involves attempting to receive a grade by means other than honest effort; for example: No student shall knowingly procure, provide, or accept any unauthorized material that contains questions or answers to any examination or assignment to be given at a subsequent time.

• No student shall complete, in part or in total, any examination or assignment for another person.

• No student shall knowingly allow any examination or assignment to be completed, in part or in total, for himself or herself by another person.

• No student shall plagiarize or copy the work of another person and submit it as his or her own work.

• No student shall employ aids excluded by the instructor in undertaking course work or in completing any exam or assignment.

• No student shall alter graded class assignments or examinations and then resubmit them for re-grading.

Any breach of academic honesty will be considered grounds for failure in the course

Academic Policy on Integrity and Scholarship.Refer to Student Link website: UCSD Policy on Integrity and Scholarship. http://www-senate.ucsd.edu/manual/appendices/app2.htm

• MECHANICS: That science, or branch of Physics, which treats of the action of forces on bodies.

• That part of mechanics which considers the action of forces in producing rest or equilibrium is called Statics ; that which relates to such action in producing motion is called Dynamics.

• The term mechanics includes the action of forces on all bodies, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. It is sometimes, however, and formerly was often, used distinctively of solid bodies only

• FLUID MECHANICS: The branch of Physics, which treats of the action of forces on fluids.– In the case of liquid is called also Hydrostatics, or

Hydrodynamics, according as the laws of rest or of motion are considered.

– Aerodynamics: The mechanics of bodies moving in the atmosphere

– The mechanics of gaseous bodies is called also Pneumatics.

• Fluid • A continuous, amorphous substance whose

molecules move freely past one another and that has the tendency to assume the shape of its container; a liquid or gas.

• Fluids share the properties of not resisting deformation and the ability to flow.These properties are typically a function of their inability to support a shear stress in static equilibrium.

While in a solid, stress is a function of strain, in a fluidstress is a function of rate of strain.

http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Shear_stress

http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Equilibrium

dynamic viscosity,

in a fluid stress is a function of rate of strain

Why study Fluid Mechanics?

AERODYNAMICS


AERODYNAMICS


SUPERSONIC AERODYNAMICS


AERODYNAMICS


Aerospace Propulsion


Industrial Gas Turbine for Power Generation


JET (aerodynamic) NOISE


HYDRODYNAMICS


OCEANOGRAPHY


Geophysical, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Climatology


Weather Forecasting, Climatology


Geophysical Fluid Mechanics


Long-term Weather Prediction

Why is the water always cold in Southern California Pacific

Coast?

Upwelling along the coast caused by Ekman transport of waters (waters move to the right of the wind).

The waters moved offshore are replaced by waters from below. This brings cold, nutrient rich waters to the surface.

As the winds blow over the ocean, sea surface temperatures drop about 4°C (7°F), indicating an upwelling of deep ocean water. Chlorophyll concentrations in the surface water go from negligible, in the absence of winds, to very active at more than 1.5 milligrams per cubic meter in the presence of the winds.

The effect of winds on the vertical movement of water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll


The effect of winds on the vertical movement of waterDownwelling caused by Ekman transport onshore (movement of water to the right of the wind direction).

SANTA ANA WINDS

Santa Ana Winds

Transverse RangePeninsular Range

Adiabatic Compression

g = 1.4 for air

P0.4 /T1.4= Constant

Anabatic winds: decompresses, cools down and looses humidityKatabatic winds: dry air compresses and heats up

Santa Ana Winds

The hottest temperature ever recorded in North America outside Death Valley, 133°F (56°C), was recorded on June 17, 1859 off the coast of Santa Barbara during a Santa Ana wind (Sundowner wind).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Valley

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859

Santa Ana Winds

Transverse RangePeninsular Range

Katabatic winds (from the Greek word katabatikos), Föhn wind or Foehn winds,

Chinook winds


Combustion, Chemically Reacting Flows, Chemical Engineering


Chemical Reactors


Heat Transfer

Pollution Dispersion


Environmental Fluid Mechanics


http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Sports/Images/golf_01.gif

http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Sports/Images/golf_02.gif




Aerodynamics of a Football

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA)

Fusiform: spindle shaped, may involve considerable portion of the vessel

FIGURE 4. CT angiography showing anterior (top) and lateral (bottom) views of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

BIOFLUID MECHANICS

Three-dimensional Volume rendering of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

R L

AAA Occurrence• Affected: 4-5 % of U.S. Population: 1,500,000

patients• 250,000 new cases per year• Responsible for ~25,000 deaths per year• 10th leading cause of death in males (>55 years) • Upon rupture death is often sudden• Mortality rate as high as 80-90 %

A

AA-A cross cut:

Flow in the transverse planeFlow in the longitudinal plane

Recirculation eddies

Jet detached from the walls

Recirculation eddies

Jet detached from the walls

Tentative Class Schedule

Week Topics

• Week 1, Introduction. Fundamental Concepts. (Chapter 1)

• Week 2, Basic Flow Analysis Techniques. Streamlines, Streaklines, Pathlines. (Chapter 1)

• Week 3, Fluid Statics. Pressure and Pressure Gradients, Hydrostatic Forces, Buoyancy (Chapter 2)

• Week 4, Basic Equations in Integral Form for Control Volume. The Reynolds Transport Theorem. Conservation of Mass. (Chapter 3)

• FIRST MIDTERM January 31st, 2008 • Week 5, Basic Equations in Integral Form for

Control Volume. Conservation of Linear and Angular Momentum, Energy Equation (Continuation of

Chapter 3)• Week 6, Motion of a Fluid Particle (Chapter 4). • Week 7, Basic Equations of Fluid Motion in Differential

form. (Chapter 4) • SECOND MIDTERM February 25nd, 2008• Week 8, Basic Equations of Fluid Motion in Differential form

Conservation of Mass and Momentum. (Chapter 4)

• Week 9, Incompressible, Inviscid Flow. Euler’s Equation. Bernoulli Equation.

(Chapter 3 and 4) • Week 10, Dimensional Analysis and Similarity.

(Chapter 5) • Week 11, FINAL EXAM . March.

Fluid Mechanics, physical science dealing with the action of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics), and their interaction with flow devices and applications in engineering.

The subject branches out into sub-disciplines such as: Aerodynamics - deals with the motion of air and other gases, and their interactions with bodies in motion such as lift and drag; Hydraulics - application of fluid mechanics to engineering devices involving liquids such as flow through pipes, weir and dam design; Geophysical fluid dynamics- fluid phenomena associated with the dynamics of the atmosphere and the oceans such as hurricane and weather systems, Bio-fluid mechanics- fluid mechanics involved in biophysical processes such as blood flow in arteries, and many others.

Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, etc.

http://www.desktopaero.com/appliedaero/appliedaero.html

http://hydropower.inel.gov/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_(physics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_rate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather

Documents

Why study Fluid Mechanics? - University of California, San …sdcc3.ucsd.edu/~ir118/Summer2011/MAE1… · PPT file · Web view · 2011-07-16BIOFLUID MECHANICS. Author: Juan P. Lasheras