Why Repair/Strengthen? History & Background of FRPc.ymcdn.com/sites/ · Corrosion Resistance & Acid Protection ... Testing of Control Column ... Repair of Underwater Piles 46 47 Utility

QuakeWrap’s PileMedic System November 30, 2010

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PileMedic™ for Repair and Strengthening PileMedic™ for Repair and Strengthening of Columns & Underwater Pilesof Columns & Underwater Piles

Mo Ehsani, Ph.D., P.E., S.E.Mo Ehsani, Ph.D., P.E., S.E.President, QuakeWrap, Inc., and President, QuakeWrap, Inc., and

Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Arizona Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Arizona

November 2010November 2010

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How can we fix these piers in a How can we fix these piers in a day while maintaining traffic?day while maintaining traffic?

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Why Repair/Strengthen?Why Repair/Strengthen?

� Carry larger loads� Correct construction errors/omissions� Replace deteriorated materials

(steel, concrete, etc. ) � Accidental damage (e.g. truck hitting a girder)� Comply with new code requirements

(e.g. ties for confining R/C columns)� Blast Protection

History & Background of FRPHistory & Background of FRP

Corvette C1 - 1953

100% FRP Hull

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FRP ProductsFRP ProductsFiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

Polymer Resin Matrix

Reinforcing Fiber(Glass, Carbon, Kevlar, etc.) Interphase

Coupling Agent

Why is it called FRP? It is a Polymer (i.e. epoxy, vinyl ester, etc.) that hasbeen reinforced with a Fiber (e.g. carbon, glass, etc.)

FRP does not have the same strength in all directions; these types of materials are called anisotropic


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FRP Version 1.0 Introduced March 1990FRP Version 1.0 Introduced March 1990

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History of FRP in Repair & RetrofitHistory of FRP in Repair & Retrofit

� 1988-89 Beams

� 1990 Columns

� 1993-94 Masonry Walls

� 1997-98 PCCP (Large Dia. Pipes)

� 2004-05 Blast Mitigation

� 2009-10 SuperLaminate

Original Concept DemonstrationOriginal Concept Demonstration

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Blast ProtectionBlast Protection

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Fort Bragg, N.C.Fort Bragg, N.C. Wet Layup Process: Wet Layup Process: Saturation of FabricSaturation of Fabric

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Sample QuakeWrapSample QuakeWrap®® ProjectsProjects

Testing + R&D Condo, FL Chimney, AL

Bridge, NM Museum, CA Bldg, PR

Bridge, IN Pipe, Costa Rica Bldg, AK 14

Advantages of Advantages of FRPFRP

� High Tensile Strength (3-5 times stronger than Steel)

� Low Weight (no foundation adjustments required)

� Anisotropic (strength depends on fiber orientation)

� Corrosion Resistance & Acid Protection

� Waterproof

� Excellent Fatigue Behavior

� Speed of Construction

� Versatility

� Odorless & Non-Toxic (QuakeWrap Products)

� Low Cost

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Applications of Applications of FRPFRP

� Tension Reinforcement -- recall that shear is resisted as diagonal tension

� Confinement

� Water & Chemical Resistance Barrier

� Corrosion Protection through Closure Against Oxygen Penetration – recall that O2 is the fuel for corrosion process

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R/C ColumnsR/C Columns

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Failure of R/C ColumnsFailure of R/C Columns

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Concrete Confined with Concrete Confined with QuakeWrap™QuakeWrap™

Confined

Strain (%)0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Str

ess

f’cUnconfined


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Retrofit of R/C Columns with Retrofit of R/C Columns with Steel JacketsSteel Jackets

Southern California

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Retrofit of Columns with Retrofit of Columns with QuakeWrapQuakeWrap™™

Shear/ConfinementReinforcement

Flexural Reinforcement

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Testing of Control Column Testing of Control Column SpecimenSpecimen

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Control Specimen Repaired & Control Specimen Repaired & ReRe--TestedTested

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Testing of Retrofitted Companion Testing of Retrofitted Companion SpecimenSpecimen

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Comparison of Column Comparison of Column SpecimensSpecimens

Retrofitted Companion

Control

Control: Repaired & Re-Tested


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Corroded Bridge ColumnCorroded Bridge ColumnIndiana Project BIndiana Project B--2819828198

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Oklahoma City Project IMOklahoma City Project IM--4040--4(354)1514(354)151

3-ft Diameter

x

35-ft Columns

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Oklahoma City Project IMOklahoma City Project IM--4040--4(354)1514(354)151

3-ft Diameter

x

35-ft Columns

Bay View Drive BridgeBay View Drive BridgeFt. Lauderdale, FLFt. Lauderdale, FL

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History of FRP in Repair & RetrofitHistory of FRP in Repair & Retrofit

� 1988-89 Beams

� 1990 Columns

� 1993-94 Masonry Walls

� 1997-98 PCCP (Large Dia. Pipes)

� 2004-05 Blast Mitigation

� 2009-10 SuperLaminate

Sandwich Construction of PipeMedic™ Sandwich Construction of PipeMedic™ Laminates (Patent Pending)Laminates (Patent Pending)

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�� MultiMulti--Axial ReinforcementAxial Reinforcement�� Thickness ≈ 0.01 Thickness ≈ 0.01 --0.025 inch0.025 inch�� Tensile Strength ≈ up to 155,000 psiTensile Strength ≈ up to 155,000 psi�� Infinite combinations of strengthInfinite combinations of strength

& stiffness can be produced& stiffness can be produced�� ISO 9000 CertifiedISO 9000 Certified


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FRP Version 1.0 …FRP Version 1.0 …Rewriting the story 20 years later Rewriting the story 20 years later

FRP Version 2.0FRP Version 2.0 Advantages of SuperLaminatesAdvantages of SuperLaminates

� Laminates manufactured in plant

� Significantly reduces construction time

� Improves quality; stronger than wet layup

� Material properties known in advance

� Less dependent on experience of field crew

� Local contractors can be easily trained/certified

� Offers solutions which are impossible with wet layup

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Confinement of Square Columns Confinement of Square Columns with SuperLaminates™with SuperLaminates™

�Structural Shell

�No Finished SurfaceRequired

�Circular or SquareColumns

Retrofit of Steel ColumnsRetrofit of Steel Columnsin existing framein existing frame

� Wrap laminate in a cylindrical shape around column

� Secure the top end

� Fill annular space with concrete or grout

� Can construct a composite steel-concrete column

� Increase axial & buckling load for column

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Concrete Confined with Concrete Confined with PileMedic™ PileMedic™

Confined in PileMedic™

Strain (%)0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Str

ess

f’cUnconfined or cast in a jacket with seams

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Effect of Confining Pressure on Effect of Confining Pressure on Concrete StrengthConcrete Strength

Assume:

concrete cylinder with 100 in2 of area

Compressive strength of concrete (f’c) = 5000 psi

Strength of cylinder = 5000 x 100 = 500,000 pounds (or 500 kips)

Now assume cylinder is confined with PileMedic™:

Confining pressure = 800 psi

f’cc = 5000 + (4.1 x 800) = 8280 psi

Strength of cylinder = 8280 x 100 = 828 kips

The 328 kips gain in strength is due to confinement effect!


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Repair of CorrosionRepair of Corrosion--Damaged Damaged Steel ColumnsSteel Columns

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Repair of Corroded Bridge PilesRepair of Corroded Bridge Piles

Current Pile Repair SystemCurrent Pile Repair System

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PileMedic™ for Encapsulation of PileMedic™ for Encapsulation of Underwater Piles …Underwater Piles …The Jacket that Fits All!The Jacket that Fits All!

Conventional vs. PileMedic™ Conventional vs. PileMedic™ Jacket Jacket

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Pile Jacket Systems Available to DatePile Jacket Systems Available to Date

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Comparison of Tensile Strength with Comparison of Tensile Strength with Conventional JacketsConventional Jackets

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0 40000 80000 120000 160000

BASF APE Jacket

Denso Sea Shield 400

Fox Indust. FX-70

Five Star Rock Water

MFG FRP Pile Sleeves

Five Star PileForm F

Tensile Strength, psi0 40000 80000 120000 160000

BASF APE Jacket

Denso Sea Shield 400

Fox Indust. FX-70

Five Star Rock Water

MFG FRP Pile Sleeves

File Star PileForm F

PileMedic PLG60.60

PileMedic PLC100.60

PileMedic PLC150.10

Tensile Strength, psi

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Design ExampleDesign Example

490

0

600

1200

1800

Pile

490

865

0

600

1200

1800

Pile Ordinary Jacket

Design Data:

� 12x12 inch pile

� f’c = 4000 psi

� Ignore reinforcing steel

� Pn = 0.85 f’c (12x12) = 490 kips

Encapsulated Pile:

� 18 inch diameter

� Fill with 4000 psi grout

490

865

1639

0

600

1200

1800

Pile Ordinary Jacket PileMedic

774 k due to

confinement

18”

12”

12”

Same pile encapsulated in PileMedic™, Pn = 1639 kips

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Advantages of Repair Using PileMedic™ Advantages of Repair Using PileMedic™

� 3-4 times stronger than steel

� No weak seams along the sides

� Provides structural confinement

� Increases axial capacity beyond original strength

� Does not corrode

� No metallic bolts or straps

� Grout can be pressurized to fill all voids and cracks

� No custom manufacturing – one size fits all

� Wraps directly on pile > Small annular space

� Available in carbon or glass

� Aesthetically pleasing

� Limited use or no need for costly divers

Repair of Underwater PilesRepair of Underwater Piles

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Utility Pole RepairUtility Pole Repair

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Pressurized Injection of Resin into Pressurized Injection of Resin into Wooden Utility PoleWooden Utility Pole

The resin fills all crevices & cracks!!


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� Fills all voids & crevices in wood

� Strengthens pole beyond original capacity

� Maintains the shape of pole

� Prevents against future decay of wood

� Easily installed by utility company crew

� Ideal for strengthening or emergency repairs

� Green Technology

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Advantages of Repair of Utility Poles Advantages of Repair of Utility Poles with PileMedic™with PileMedic™

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Back to the bridge piers ….Back to the bridge piers ….

� Trenchless (No excavation)

� A 24-inch (600 mm) access is sufficient

� Non-Toxic & No VOC Chemicals

� Light-Weight Materials > Easy Shipping

� Fast Construction w/ Small Crew

Green Sustainable Green Sustainable TechnologyTechnology

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Thank you for your Attention!Thank you for your Attention!

Questions?

www.QuakeWrap.com

Email: [email protected]

Toll Free: (866) QuakeWrap[782-5397]

Documents

Why Repair/Strengthen? History & Background of FRPc.ymcdn.com/sites/ · Corrosion Resistance & Acid Protection ... Testing of Control Column ... Repair of Underwater Piles 46 47 Utility