TOURISM

Why?• People have more disposable income.• Companies give more paid holidays

than they used to.• Travel has become cheaper

(particularly air travel)• Holiday providers now use the

internet to sell their products to people directly which also makes them cheaper.

There has been a Global increase in tourism in the last 60 years….

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Why• Improvements in transport (e.g. more airports)

have made it quicker and easier to travel to places.

• Countries in more unusual destinations such as the middle east and Africa have got better at marketing themselves as tourist attractions. This means more people are aware of them.

• Many countries have invested in infrastructure for tourism to make them more attractive to visitors.

Some areas are also becoming more popular than they used to be….

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Cities, mountains and coasts are all popular tourist areas

CITIES

Culturee.g. museums, art galleries …

Entertainment (bars, restaurants, theatres)

shopping

Popular destinations include:• London• New york• Paris• Rome

COASTAL AREAS

Beaches

Swimming

Snorkelling

Fishing

Water skiing

Popular destinations include:• Spain• The Caribbean• Thailand 4/17

MOUNTAIN AREAS

scenery

walkingclimbing

skiing

Snow boarding

Popular destinations include:• Alps• Dolomites• Rockies

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• Tourism creates jobs for local people.

• It also increases the income of other businesses that supply the tourism industry.

• Tourism is important to the economy of both rich and poor countries e.g. tourism in France generated 35 million euros In 2006 and 2 million jobs.

• Poorer countries tend to be more dependant on income from tourism than richer ones.

Tourism is important to the economies of many countries

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Mass Tourism is organised tourism for large numbers of people.

Mass tourism has both positive and negative impacts!

Mass Tourism

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Positive Negative

Economic Impacts • Brings Money into local economy.

• Creates jobs for local people.• Increases the income of

industries that supply tourism e.g. Farming

• A lot of the profit made from tourism is kept by the large travel companies rather than going to the local economy.

Social Impacts • Lots of jobs means young people are more likely to stay in the area.

• Improved roads, infrastructure and communications benefit local people.

• Income from tourism can be reinvested in local community projects

• The tourism jobs available to locals are often badly paid and are seasonal.

• Traffic congestion caused by tourists can inconvenience local people.

• The behaviour of some tourists can offend locals.

Environmental impacts • Income from tourism can be reinvested in protecting the environment.

• Transporting lots of people long distances releases greenhouse gasses that cause global warming.

• Tourism can increase litter and pollution.

• Tourism can lead to the destruction of natural habitats

There are ways to reduce the negative impacts of mass tourism:• Improving Public transport encourages people to use it, which reduces traffic

congestion and pollution.• Limiting the number of people visiting sensitive environments.• Providing lots of bins helps reduce litter.

The importance of Tourism needs to be maintainedAreas that rely heavily on tourism need to make sure tourists keep coming!Here are a few ways they can do this:• BULID NEW FACILITIES• REDUCE TOURIST IMPACTS WHICH MAKE THE AREA LESS

ATTRACTIVE• ADVERTISE AND MARKET THE ARE TO ATTRACT NEW TOURISTS• IMPROVE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE• OFFER NEW ACTIVITIES• MAKE IT CHEAPER TO VISIT.

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Positive NegativeEconomic Impacts • Tourism contributes 15% of

the country's gross national product.

• In 2003 around 219 000 people worked in the tourist industry.

• Only 15% of the money earned through tourism goes to locals. The rest goes to big companies

Social Impacts • The culture and customs of the native maasai tribe are preserved because things like traditional dancing are often displayed for tourists.

• Some Maasai tribes people were forced off their land to create national parks.

• Some Muslim people in Kenya are offended by the way female tourists dress.

Environmental impacts • There are 23 national parks In Kenya e.g. Nairobi national park. Tourists have to pay money to get in. This money is used to maintain the national parks which help protect the environment and wildlife.

• Safari vehicles have destroyed vegetation and caused soil erosion.

• Wild animals have been affected• Coral reefs have been damaged.

Tourism in extreme Environments

Extreme environments are becoming popular with tourists

There are many reasons why tourists are attracted to extreme environments:

• They're ideal settings for adventure holidays activities such as jeep tours, river rafting and trekking.

• Some people want something different and more exciting to do on holiday.

• A lot of people enjoy an element of risk.• Some wildlife can only be seen in these areas.• Some scenery can only be seen in extreme places.

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There are also reasons why tourism is increasing in extreme environments

• Improvements of transport have made it quicker and easier to get to some of these destinations.

• People are keen to see places like Antarctica for themselves while they have the chance.

• Tourism to extreme environments is quite expensive but people now have more disposable income.

• Adventure holidays are becoming more popular because of TV programmes and advertising.

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The ecotourism's in extreme environments are usually delicately balanced, because its so difficult to survive in the harsh conditions there. The presence of tourists can upset this fragile balance and cause serious problems.Here's an example of how tourism can damage the environment in the Himalayas:• Trees are cut down to provide fuel for trekkers and

other tourists leading to deforestation.• Deforestation destroys habitats.• Deforestation means there are fewer trees to intercept

rain. Which can lead to flooding.• Tree roots normally hold the soil together so

deforestation also leads to soil erosion.• Tourists cause footpath erosion• Rivers become polluted by sewerage

Tourism in extreme environments can be Damaging

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Ecotourism is tourism that doesn’t harm the environment and benefits the local people.

Eco Tourism

Ecotourism involves:Conservation-protecting and managing the environment.Stewardship-taking responsibility for conserving the environment.

Ideally conservation and stewardship should involve local people and local organisations so that local people benefit from tourists.

Ecotourism is usually a small scale activity, with only small numbers of visitors going to an area at a time. This helps keep the environmental impact of tourism low.

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Environmental benefits Economic benefits Benefits for local people

• Local people are encouraged to conserve the environment rather than use it for damaging activities.

• It reduces poaching and hunting of endangered species.

• Ecotourism projects try to reduce the use of fossil fuels.

• Waste that tourists create is disposed of carefully.

• Ecotourism creates jobs for local people (e.g. as guides or in tourist lodges) which helps the local economy grow.

• Local people not directly employed in tourism can also make money by selling local crafts to visitors or supplying the tourist industry with goods.

• People have better and more stable incomes in ecotourism than in other jobs e.g. farming

• Many ecotourism schemes fund community projects e.g. schools, water tanks and health centres.

Ecotourism Benefits the environment, economy and local people

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1. Sustainable development means improving the quality of life for people but doing it in a way that doesn’t stop people in the future getting what they need.

2. Ecotourism helps areas to develop by increasing the quality of life for local people- the profits from ecotourism can be used to build schools or healthcare facilities.

3. The development is sustainable because its done without damaging the environment- without ecotourism people may have to make a living to improve their lives by doing something that harms the environment e.g. cutting down trees.

Ecotourism helps the sustainable development of areas

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TOURISM