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Why Might the World Face an Overpopulation Problem?
*POPULATION:
*MALTHUS ON OVERPOPULATION
*Thomas Malthus claimed the population was growing faster than the food supply
*Malthus wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population
*MALTHUS ON OVERPOPULATION
*Contemporary geographers believe Malthus’ theory is more frightening than first suspected.
*More countries have entered Stage 2 of demographic transition – high birth rates
*There has not been an increase in wealth in these countries making some countries worse off today
*Growing population will put a strain on other resources beyond food.
*What problems could arise from resource scarcity?
*MALTHUS’S CRITICS
*New technology can offset scarcity of minerals and land by increasing efficiency
*A larger population could stimulate economic growth and therefore production of more food
*Marxists believe that population growth is not the root of poverty, hunger and social welfare problems, economic inequality is
* REASONS FOR DECLINING BIRTH RATES
*Economic development – women who are able to attend school and remain in school longer are more likely to gain economic control over their lives
*Distribution of contraceptives
*WORLD HEALTH THREATS
*Epidemiological transistion
*Epidemiology – branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
* EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TANSISTION – STAGES 1 & 2
*Stage 1 – infiectious and parasitic diseases were the principal causes of deaths
*Also called the stage of pestilence and famine
*The Black Plague
*Stage 2 – improved sanitation, nutrition and medicine spread during the Industrial Revolution and reduced the spread of infectious disease
*Also called the stage of receding pandemics
*Cholera
* EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION – STAGES 3 & 4
*Stage 3 – characterized by a decrease in deaths from infectious disease, but an increase in chronic disorders
*Known as the stage of degenerative and human created diseases
*Cardiovascular disease and certain forms of cancer
*Stage 4 – characterized by people living longer with degenerative diseases due to medical advancements
*Known as the stage of delayed degenerative diseases
* EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSISTION – STAGE 5 (?)
*Reemergence of infectious and parasitic disease
*This can be attributed to three possible factors
*Evolution of disease microbes
*Malaria
*Poverty
*Tuberculosis
*Improved travel
*Avian flu