Why Does the Past Matter? Why Cultural Landscapes Matter … · 2 Global Trends Linked to Cultural Landscapes Culture - Nature Continuum Earth Justice, Right to/of Landscape HealthFoodLocalAgriculture

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Why Does the Past Matter? 4 to 7 May 2011 UMASS Amherst

Why Cultural Landscapes Matter

Why Does the Past Matter? 4 to 7 May 2011 UMASS Amherst Why Cultural Landscapes Matter!

Patricia M. O’Donnell, FASLA, AICP, IFLA, ICOMOSH E R I T A G E L A N D S C A P E S L L CPre s e r v a t i on Landscape Arch i t e c t s & P l anne r s

Cultural Landscapes are Diverse Authentic Places & Pervasive Global Heritage Resources of Uniqueness

Why Does the Past Matter? 4 to 7 May 2011 UMASS Amherst Why Cultural Landscapes Matter!Evolved Historic Core, Vienna, Austria Relict- Moai Quarry Rapa Nui, Chile Defined- West Lake, Hangzhou, China

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Global Trends Linked to Cultural Landscapes

Culture - Nature Continuum

Earth Justice, Right to/of Landscape

Health Food Local Agriculture

National Mall, Initial Build 1937

Health, Food, Local Agriculture

Climate Change, Green Sustainability

Cultural Tourism, World Heritage

Urban Dwellers & Identity


Culture Nature Continuum & Cultural Landscapes

Culture & Nature are Intertwined in Landscapes


Culture & Nature are Intertwined in Landscapes Human Influence is Pervasive No Pure Nature, Seed of Each in Both Trends Demand Attention to Wasted Land Need to Garden the Global Landscapes

Kenrokuen-Stroll Garden, Kanwansa, Japan

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Earth Justice & Cultural LandscapesRio De Janeiro Cultural Landscape

Rights to & of Landscape & Seascape


Rights to & of Landscape & Seascape Dominant versus Diverse Cultures Landscapes of Wealth & Poverty

Value of Public Parks as Shared Landscapes

Degraded & Neglected Urban Landscapes, Cultural Wastelands

Earth Justice: Greening Areas of Poverty http://www.miparque.cl/


Santiago, Chile

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Earth Justice: Democracy of Shared Urban ParksMellon Square 1956, An Urban Oasis in Gritty Pittsburgh


Each designed landscape has an origin, character, design ideas and qualities, a Place- Print

Health, Food & Cultural Landscapes

Human Health & Landscape

Reconnect to Nature & Place

Unique Local Cuisine

Local Sustainable AgricultureLocal Sustainable Agriculture

Locavor, Slow Food, Vegetarian

Exercise & Obesity Epidemic


Fruits at Market, Cartago, Costa Rica

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Shelburne Farms- Health, Food & Agriculture

National Historic Landmark Sustainable Agriculture Swiss Brown Cows & Cheese Market Garden & Restaurant Solar Orchard, Bio-char Zero Carbon Objective


Fruits at Market, Cartago, Costa Rica

Climate Change, Disasters & Cultural Landscapes Climate Change Ozone Depletion, Amazon Drought, Earthquakes, Arctic Melt, Tropical Cyclones Natural Disasters Preparedness & Response Healthy Global Landscapes & Seascapes: Part of the Solution


Rano Kau Caldera, Rapa Nui

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Green Sustainability & Cultural Landscapes

Heritage is “Green”, Especially Cultural Landscapes (new & old) Balance Human Needs & Earth Imperatives Move Toward Shared Values & Survival

Stewardship: Good Planets are Hard to FindStewardship: Good Planets are Hard to Find

Preservation & Conservation Retain Carbon Inputs

Revitalize Urban Heritage with Limited Energy Inputs

Values Culture, Traditions & Retains Sense of Place


Camden Amphitheatre by Fletcher Steele, First Modern Landscape in USA

Cultural Landscapes, Heritage Tourism & Global Economy

Landscapes Places of Heritage & Settings for Monuments Tourism Focus on Short Term Visitor, Specific Place Authenticity is Magnet, Homogeneity is Shunned Culture Values, Heritage Expresses Traditions

I t t R id t N d & Vi it S i Integrate Resident Needs & Visitor Services Choices Link to Cultural Landscapes Quality of Place, Quality of Life Travel is a Global Engine Experience Economy


Temple of Heaven, Beijing China

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Urban Dwellers, Cultural Landscapes & Identity Global Population 50% Urban Defining phenomenon of the 21st Century Urban growth strong, ½ reside in cities under ½ m Cultural Heritage assets promote local economic development World Bank 117 Projects $1.8bn in urban cultural heritageWorld Bank 117 Projects $1.8bn in urban cultural heritage Quality of Life & Experience = Urban Cultural Landscapes


Overlook, Valparaiso, Chile

Historic Urban Landscapes = ½ Urban SpaceHistoric Core, San Jose, Costa Rica


“The Historic Urban Landscape approach aims at preserving the quality of the human environment and enhancing the productivity of urban spaces. It integrates the goals of urban heritage conservation with the goals of social and economic development. It is rooted in a balanced and sustainable relationship between the built and natural environment.” http://whc.unesco.org

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Cultural Landscapes Heritage Preservation Tool KitPurple Mountain Tomb, Nanjing China


Educational & Community Involvement Tools Advisory Tools, Plans & Guidelines Financial Tools, Public & Private Investments Legal Tools, Laws, Statutes, Regulations

In Conclusion, Cultural Landscapes Matter to Us All

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3 Papers Follow:

Historic Urban Parks & Parkways for Sustainable Cities

Iconic Landscape of Our Nation and States, A Commonwealth to Sustain

Celebrating Modernist Designed Landscapes A 20th Century Legacy

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Why Does the Past Matter? 4 to7 May 2011 UMASS Amherst

Historic Urban Parks & Parkways for Sustainable Cities


Peter F. Viteretto & Patricia M. O’DonnellH E R I T A G E L A N D S C A P E S L L CPre s e r v a t i on Landscape Arch i t e c t s & P l anne r s

Baltimore Parks System, Carroll Park


Mount Clare by Peale a rare landscape for patrons

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20th Century evolution trees in lawn, greenhouses, playing fields

Mansion and grounds stewardship by local DAR chapter



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Druid Hill Park, Honoring the African Americans area


Druid Hill Park, Honoring the African Americans area


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Fort Wayne Historic Park System Shaping the City


Fort Wayne, Linking Parks along Historic Parkways


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Lakeside Park Restored Gardens and Upper Pond


Connecting Multi-modal Path along Rudisill Boulevard & Neighborhood Streets to Weisser, Foster and McMillen Parks


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Louisville Olmsted Parks and Parkways Connecting Neighborhood Streets to Parks and City Center

Developing 3 Distinct p gParks with a System of Interconnecting Parkways

• Southern (Grand Boulevard) Connecting to Iroquois Park

• Eastern, Curving East to Cherokee Park


• Western Sweeping Southwest to Chickasaw & Shawnee Parks

• Broadway intended as City Street Link to City Center


•Intended for pleasure traffic

Parkways were Unique within the City •Intended for pleasure traffic not commercial uses

• Service drives for delivery / residential access

• 120 to 200 Feet Wide to Accommodate

•Central Drive for gracious


pleasure travel

•Two Tree Planted Green Medians with pedestrian, bicycle, bridle paths

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•Central Drive for gracious pleasure travel

•Two Tree Planted Green Medians with pedestrian, bicycle, bridle paths

•Service drives for abutting owners

•Grass Verges to each side with trees, walks


Louisville Olmsted Parks and ParkwaysMaster Plan 1990s


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Pittsburgh Regional Parks12 years 25+ projects Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy & City DPW


Pittsburgh Regional Parks12 years 25+ projects Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy & City DPW


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Pittsburgh Riverview Park Chapel Shelter Project


Pittsburgh Schenley Park Visitor Center Projects


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Parks Master Plan Update- Integrated Green-Blue-Gold Systems



Iconic Landscapes of our Nation, A Commonwealth to Sustain


Gregory Wade De Vries & Patricia M. O’DonnellH E R I T A G E L A N D S C A P E S L L CPre s e r v a t i on Landscape Arch i t e c t s & P l anne r s

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Jefferson Memorial F.L. Olmsted Jr. Plan


Olmsted Jr, Design-

NPS Jefferson Memorial 1947 - 2010


Olmsted Jr, Design-Jefferson Memorial Security Team WRT & DHM Landscape ArchitectureCo-leaders-

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NPS Jefferson Memorial 1943 As-Built & Existing


Olmsted Jr, Design-

Jefferson Memorial Analysis

Pedestrian Gateway

Pedestrian Congestion

Vegetated/Shady Area

Vie ConeView Cone


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NPS Jefferson Memorial Perimeter Scheme Detail

1A: Outlet Bridge End

Alternative 1


Olmsted Jr, Design- PERSPECTIVE

National Mall Restoration of Turf & Soils National Icon

Demonstrations Patriotic Gatherings

Free Speech Assembly 3,000 Permit Events per Year

25,000, 000 Pairs of Feet per Year Compacted Soils & Struggling Turf Understanding Historic Design Intent Continuous Tapis Vert, Domed Profile


Interdisciplinary team led by HOK Heritage Landscapes Preservation LANational Mall, Washington DC

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Mall Research to Document Ground Disturbance


National Mall As-Built -1937


National Mall, Washington DC

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Mall Comparison of Original - Current Sections


Mall Grading for Continuous Tapis Vert


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Capitol Square Cultural Landscape ReportCapitol Square Cultural Landscape Report


Capitol Square Period Plans 1874 pre-Olmsted to 2010


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Capitol Square Cultural Landscape ReportCapitol Square 1874 General Plan, Olmsted Sr.


Capitol Square 1894 As-Built


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Capitol Square Views & Character Areas Analysis


Capitol Square 1894 Plant Identification

Tree Total: 900

East Trees: Trees: 426 – 318

Deciduous, 33 Broad Evergreen, 2 Conifer, 73 Ornamental

West Trees:Trees: 471 – 337

Deciduous, 17 Broad Evergreen, 3 Conifer, 114 Ornamental


Terraces Trees: Trees: 3 -Redbud,

Fringe, Holly

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Capitol Square Thresholds/Edge Character Defines Precinct


Glenn Brown, published 1900

Capitol Square Treatment Plan:Preserve, Restore, Rehabilitate- Meet Current Needs Compatibly


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Celebrating Modernist Designed Landscapes A 20th Century Legacy for the Future


Sarah LeVaun Graulty & Patricia M. O’DonnellH E R I T A G E L A N D S C A P E S L L CPre s e r v a t i on Landscape Arch i t e c t s & P l anne r s

Camden Garden Amphitheatre & Harbor Park Context


Camden’s Green at Head of Harbor Fletcher Steele, Landscape Architect

First modernist landscape USA Thorough level of documentation

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Camden Garden Amphitheatre, Fletcher Steele


Innovative design uses centerline of harbor and distant hills Work Relief Project of 1929 to 1935 funded by Mary Curtis Boch

Maximum local labor & Materials Early LEED concepts Hundreds of native trees transplanted for vicinity Local stone quarried, Moved by Horses on Site

Camden Garden Amphitheatre, Fletcher Steele


1997 Planning report with thorough documentation Phased Implementation for Harbor Park, Library Grounds, Fauns Garden, Amphitheatre Extensive Community Conflict, Followed by 2 Years of Work Sessions 2005 Initial Restoration, without Tree Removals Addressed Water Supply/Soils/Drainage/Planting/Stonework

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Louis I. Kahn’s Concepts for Community Center, Green & Bathhouse

1955-1957


Kahn’s Design Geometry Integrated Buildings & Landscape


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Kahn’s Design Geometry Integrated Buildings & Landscape


Bathhouse & Day Camp 1956 As-Built


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Bathhouse & Pool, 2008


Recapture of Kahn’s Bath House & Day Camp, 20102nd Phase Underway for Parking & Community Green


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Mellon Square, 1946-1955 Granddaddy Green Roof in USA

• Pittsburgh Renaissance I, city image recast• Detailed documentation:

• 1940s exhibition patron Edgar Kaufmann• Allegheny Conference archivesg y• 1953-1955 Construction Documents • Pre-Build, As-Built Photographs• 1980s condition report, 1987 Const Documents


Mellon Square, Modern Design in Context

• John O. Simonds, recognized master • Training: Harvard 1930s, professors,

classmates• Colleagues: Ted Osmundson first roof

garden Kaiser, Dahl Ritchey, Architect• Innovation: above parking garage,

design for superior view, paving• Parallels: Pershing Square, 1953• Urban renewal: 25% downtown

Pittsburgh rebuilt 1950s


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Mellon Square Preliminary Design for Phase 1


Mellon Square Phase 1 Implementation


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Mellon Square Phase 1 : Modern Icon for Tomorrow


In Conclusion, Cultural Landscapes Matter to Us All


Heritage Landscapes is committed to aidinginternational recognition of cultural landscapes

IFLA Cultural Landscapes Committee website: iflaclc.org