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Why Diluents ?. That’s Why !!!!!!. Why Diluents ??. High processing viscosities of unmodified liquid epoxy resin systems Impregnating and wetting properties are favourably influenced by reducing the viscosity Larger filler amounts may be used cheaper formulation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 1
Why Diluents ?
That’s Why !!!!!!
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 2
Why Diluents ??
• High processing viscosities of unmodified liquid epoxy resin systems
• Impregnating and wetting properties are favourably influenced by reducing the viscosity
• Larger filler amounts may be used– cheaper formulation– reduce the possible development of heat and shrinkage upon cure
• Possible Disadvantages;– May sweat out of the binder system
• Reduced flexibility– Influence the properties of the binder system
• Hardness• Rate of cure• Adhesion, Intercoat adhesion• Chemical resistance
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 3
• Alcohols– Benzylalcohol– Furfurylalcohol– Nonyl phenol– Acceleration effect
• Phthalates– Dibutylphthalate
• Hydrocarbon Resins– Necirez-products– Epodil-L
• Pine-oil
Non-Reactive Diluents
OH
CH2-OH
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 4
Reactive Diluents
• Polypropylene glycol diepoxides– D.E.R.™ 732P liquid epoxy resin– D.E.R. 736P liquid epoxy resin
™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
O
O=
O
O
C
O
• Alcoholglycidylethers & esters [ mono- or multi-functional ]– EMS [ Grilonit ]– Prümmer [ Polypox ]– Resolution [ Heloxy, Cardura E-10]– Air Products [ Epodil ]– Etc…
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 5
Reactive Diluents
EEW[g/eq]
HyCl[%]
Viscosity@ 25 °C [mPa.s]
Density@ 25°C [g/cm3]
Polypox R 3 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidylether 130 - 145 max. 0.2 12 - 22 1.10 - 1.12Polypox R 6 o-Cresyl Glycidylether 175 - 190 max. 0.3 5 - 10 1.07 - 1.09Polypox R 7 p-tert.-Butyl-Phenyl Glycidylether 220 - 240 max. 0.3 10 - 30 1.02 - 1.04Polypox R 9 Polyglycerine-3-Glycidylether 160 - 180 max. 1.0 1100 - 1360 1.21 - 1.25Polypox R 11 Cyclohexanedimethanol Diglycidylether 165 - 185 max. 1.0 60 - 90 1.08 - 1.11Polypox R 12 Glycerine Triglycidylether 140 - 150 max. 0.6 160 - 200 1.21 - 1.23Polypox R 14 Neopentylglycol Diglycidylether 150 - 160 max. 0.2 15 - 25 1.07 - 1.09Polypox R 16 Pentaerythrit Tetraglycidylether 156 - 170 max. 1.5 900 - 1200 1.23 - 1.25Polypox R 17 2-Ethyl-Hexyl Glycidylether 210 - 230 max. 0.3 2 - 4 0.89 - 0.91Polypox R 18 1,6-Hexanediol Diglycidylether 140 - 161 max. 0.2 15 - 25 1.06 - 1.08Polypox R 19 Polypropyleneglycol Diglycidylether 313 - 345 max. 0.3 40 - 90 1.02 - 1.06Polypox R 20 Trimethylolpropane Triglycidylether 140 - 150 max. 0.8 120 - 180 1.15 - 1.19Polypox R 24 C12-C14 Glycidylether 270 - 313 max. 0.1 5 - 10 0.88 - 0.91
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 6
Viscosity Cutting Powder
100
1000
10000
0 5 10 15 20
2-EH GE = R 17
C12-C14 AGE = R 24
p-tert. BP GE = R 7
BDDGE, o-CGE, HDDGE = R 3, 6, 18
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 7
General Observations
• The addition of reactive diluents might have the following effects:
– reduced viscosity,– changed surface tension [ wetting, air-release etc. ],– changed reactivity, especially for the mono-functional
reactive diluents,– changed solvent resistance,– changed physical strength,– changed linear coefficient of expansion,– changed flexibility / impact resistance,– changed abrasion resistance– ......
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 8
Reactive Diluents used by Dow
o-Cresyl Glycidyl etherC12 - C14 alkyl Glycidyl ether
Hexane diol di Glycidyl ether
Compromise between Environmental, Hygiene & Safety aspects and performance.
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 9
o-Cresyl Glycidyl ether
O
CH3
O
Typical properties
EEW 180 g/eqViscosity 7 mPa.s @ 25 °C
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 10
Hexane Diol Di Glycidyl ether
OO
O O
Typical properties
EEW 142 g/eq
Viscosity 14 mPa.s @ 25 °C
Total Chlorine ca 4 wt%
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 11
C12 - C14 Alkyl Glycidyl Ether
OO
N = 11-13
CH2 CH3
Typical properties
EEW 280 g/eq
Viscosity 7 mPa.s @ 25 °C
Total Chlorine ca 3 wt%
Remark : FDA approved for food contact applications
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 12
Viscosity Cutting Power
100
1000
10000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Content in D.E.R.™ 331™ epoxy resin [ wt% ]
Vis
cosi
ty [
mP
a.s
]
o-Cresyl GE
Hexane Diol DGE
C12-C14 Alkyl GE
™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 13
Influence on the chemical resistance
Inorganic acids
Organic acids
Caustic Solvents
o-Cresyl GE Good Good Good Poor
C12 - C14 Alkyl GE
Good Poor Good Poor
Hexane Diol DGE
Poor Poor Good Good
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 14
Chemical Resistance
D.E.R.™321 Dist. Water
10 wt% HCl
10 wt% NaOH
10 wt% HAc
Xylene
Gasoline
+ 1.3
+ 1.1
+ 1.1
+ 1.4
+ 1.4
- 0.1
+ 2.1
+ 1.7
+ 1.7
+ 5.4
+ 9.8
0
+ 1.2
+ 1.1
+ 1.0
+ 20
+ 4.9
+ 0.2
+ 2.5
+ 6.5
+ 2.0
Destroyed
Destroyed
+ 23
Aromatic IPD-adduct DETA-adduct Polyamide
D.E.R.™330 Dist. Water
10 wt% HCl
10 wt% NaOH
10 wt% HAc
Xylene
Gasoline
+ 1.4
+ 1.1
+ 1.1
+ 1.3
+ 0.1
+ 0.1
+ 1.4
+ 1.3
+ 1.0
+ 5.1
+ 0.1
0
™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
NEO Chemical Seminar 2007
Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 15
Enough Chemistry !
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