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Why chemistry, why again?. You are made up of biomolecules! Your biomolecules are built from food you eat Your body breaks them down and rearranges them to give you: Energy and Building blocks for proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). You are what you eat!. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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You are made up of biomolecules! Your biomolecules are built from food you eat Your body breaks them down and rearranges
them to give you:Energy and
Building blocks for proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
Carbohydrates (sugar and starch) Protein Lipids – (fats, oils, cholesterol) Vitamins Minerals (Ca, PO4
-2, Se, Fe, Ni, Zn, etc)
H2O
and Energy (stored in chemical bonds)
elemenelementt
CarbohydrateCarbohydrate LipidsLipids Protein Protein Nucleic Nucleic acidsacids
CC
HH
OO
NN
PP **
SS ****
* phospholipids** some proteins
• Protons• Electrons• Neutrons
• Protons• Electrons• Neutrons
• What are they?
• How do I figure out how many an atom has?
• How do I figure out how many an ion has?
Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Forces
Dispersion Forces Hydrogen
Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
DipoleForces
Ionic
Covalent
Nonpolar Covalent bonds – equal sharing
0.0 < Electronegativity difference ≤ 0.4
Polar Covalent Bond – unequal sharing
0.4 < Electronegativity difference < 1.5
Line becomes arrow from positive to negative
Insulin
Molecular Polarity
CH4
CO2
NH3
H2O
Inter molecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Forces
Dispersion Forces
Hydrogen Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
DipoleForces
Bond typeRelative Strength
Covalent 400x
Hydrogen bonds 10x
Dispersion Forces
<1x
Weakest intermolecular force
Caused by the motion of electrons
More electrons per molecule, more attraction between molecules; i.e. halogens
e.g. bromine is a liquid, whereas iodine is a solid at STP
Electrons momentarily gang up on one side of the molecule
Strongest of the intermolecular forces
Only molecules with hydrogen in them
BIG role in living organisms!!!
Hydrogen Bonds
H2O What’s the H, what’s the O? Why the 2? Hydrogen Bonding – a big deal!
solubility (water is the universal solvent)
cohesion adhesion heat retention
Solubility Capillary Action Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion Surface Tension Density Differences
Solubility Capillary Action Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion Surface Tension Density Differences
Life’s necessity
Paper Towels and Redwood Trees
425 ft
Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Forces
Dispersion Forces
Hydrogen Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
DipoleForces
