1301

WHOOPING COUGH: INFECTION AND DISEASE

" XBD=256 XHG=108 YBD=418 YHG=385>SIR,―Dr " XBD=346 XHG=270 YBD=411 YHG=384>Fine " XBD=422 XHG=360 YBD=412 YHG=385>and " XBD=612 XHG=432 YBD=419 YHG=384>Jacqueline " XBD=807 XHG=627 YBD=413 YHG=384>Clarkson’s " XBD=1000 XHG=821 YBD=420 YHG=386>suggestion " XBD=1139 XHG=1013 YBD=420 YHG=385>(March " XBD=1202 XHG=1153 YBD=418 YHG=386>20," XBD=104 XHG=74 YBD=464 YHG=436>p. " XBD=188 XHG=117 YBD=462 YHG=427>666) " XBD=263 XHG=197 YBD=454 YHG=427>that " XBD=424 XHG=274 YBD=462 YHG=427>pertussis " XBD=576 XHG=434 YBD=455 YHG=426>vaccines " XBD=657 XHG=587 YBD=463 YHG=435>may " XBD=704 XHG=665 YBD=455 YHG=427>be " XBD=823 XHG=716 YBD=455 YHG=427>&dquo;more " XBD=976 XHG=834 YBD=455 YHG=427>effective " XBD=1019 XHG=986 YBD=455 YHG=427>in " XBD=1204 XHG=1029 YBD=462 YHG=428>protecting" XBD=189 XHG=75 YBD=507 YHG=472>against " XBD=329 XHG=212 YBD=498 YHG=471>disease " XBD=427 XHG=351 YBD=498 YHG=470>than " XBD=482 XHG=449 YBD=497 YHG=470>in " XBD=680 XHG=504 YBD=505 YHG=470>protecting " XBD=819 XHG=701 YBD=505 YHG=471>against " XBD=1014 XHG=841 YBD=498 YHG=470>infection&dquo; " XBD=1129 XHG=1037 YBD=498 YHG=470>raises " XBD=1204 XHG=1151 YBD=498 YHG=470>the" XBD=216 XHG=75 YBD=550 YHG=514>question " XBD=371 XHG=232 YBD=540 YHG=513>whether " XBD=536 XHG=387 YBD=548 YHG=512>pertussis " XBD=694 XHG=552 YBD=540 YHG=512>vaccines " XBD=767 XHG=710 YBD=540 YHG=521>can " XBD=820 XHG=781 YBD=540 YHG=512>be " XBD=1022 XHG=835 YBD=540 YHG=512>formulated " XBD=1068 XHG=1036 YBD=540 YHG=519>to " XBD=1203 XHG=1084 YBD=547 YHG=519>protect" XBD=189 XHG=75 YBD=592 YHG=556>against " XBD=281 XHG=204 YBD=583 YHG=555>both " XBD=445 XHG=295 YBD=582 YHG=554>infection " XBD=521 XHG=460 YBD=582 YHG=554>and " XBD=660 XHG=534 YBD=582 YHG=554>disease. " XBD=746 XHG=676 YBD=581 YHG=554>The " XBD=877 XHG=759 YBD=582 YHG=563>answer " XBD=961 XHG=891 YBD=590 YHG=563>may " XBD=1012 XHG=974 YBD=582 YHG=555>be " XBD=1042 XHG=1026 YBD=582 YHG=564>a " XBD=1204 XHG=1056 YBD=589 YHG=554>qualified" XBD=181 XHG=77 YBD=634 YHG=598>&dquo;yes&dquo;." XBD=271 XHG=108 YBD=668 YHG=640>Bordetella " XBD=441 XHG=299 YBD=674 YHG=638>pertussis " XBD=624 XHG=471 YBD=674 YHG=639>produces " XBD=684 XHG=655 YBD=666 YHG=645>at " XBD=789 XHG=715 YBD=666 YHG=639>least " XBD=882 XHG=820 YBD=667 YHG=645>two " XBD=1204 XHG=912 YBD=674 YHG=639>mouse-protective" XBD=266 XHG=75 YBD=717 YHG=683>antigens-a " XBD=419 XHG=284 YBD=709 YHG=681>fimbrial " XBD=591 XHG=437 YBD=709 YHG=687>structure " XBD=755 XHG=608 YBD=716 YHG=680>(fimbrial " XBD=1038 XHG=772 YBD=716 YHG=681>haemagglutinin " XBD=1090 XHG=1055 YBD=708 YHG=689>or " XBD=1205 XHG=1106 YBD=716 YHG=681>FHA)" XBD=136 XHG=76 YBD=753 YHG=725>and " XBD=182 XHG=145 YBD=752 YHG=733>an " XBD=319 XHG=193 YBD=759 YHG=724>antigen " XBD=499 XHG=329 YBD=751 YHG=723>associated " XBD=585 XHG=508 YBD=751 YHG=724>with " XBD=647 XHG=594 YBD=751 YHG=723>the " XBD=1205 XHG=657 YBD=759 YHG=723>lymphocytosis-promoting-factor" XBD=216 XHG=76 YBD=802 YHG=767>complex " XBD=701 XHG=250 YBD=802 YHG=765>(lymphocytosis-promoting " XBD=834 XHG=736 YBD=793 YHG=765>factor " XBD=1135 XHG=869 YBD=801 YHG=765>haemagglutinin " XBD=1205 XHG=1170 YBD=793 YHG=774>or" XBD=250 XHG=77 YBD=844 YHG=802>LPFHA).1 Both " XBD=441 XHG=391 YBD=836 YHG=817>are " XBD=565 XHG=468 YBD=836 YHG=808>active " XBD=625 XHG=594 YBD=835 YHG=808>in " XBD=704 XHG=651 YBD=835 YHG=808>the " XBD=1028 XHG=731 YBD=842 YHG=808>mouse-protection " XBD=1124 XHG=1055 YBD=841 YHG=814>test, " XBD=1205 XHG=1152 YBD=835 YHG=808>the" XBD=255 XHG=76 YBD=887 YHG=851>mandatory " XBD=408 XHG=272 YBD=886 YHG=856>potency " XBD=512 XHG=425 YBD=886 YHG=859>assay " XBD=577 XHG=530 YBD=878 YHG=849>for " XBD=744 XHG=595 YBD=886 YHG=851>pertussis " XBD=955 XHG=761 YBD=878 YHG=843>vaccines.2,3 " XBD=1079 XHG=974 YBD=878 YHG=850>There " XBD=1121 XHG=1096 YBD=878 YHG=851>is " XBD=1204 XHG=1139 YBD=883 YHG=856>not," XBD=227 XHG=76 YBD=926 YHG=894>however, " XBD=397 XHG=243 YBD=928 YHG=893>complete " XBD=588 XHG=412 YBD=928 YHG=899>agreement " XBD=669 XHG=604 YBD=921 YHG=893>that " XBD=737 XHG=684 YBD=920 YHG=893>the " XBD=965 XHG=752 YBD=928 YHG=893>preparations " XBD=1058 XHG=980 YBD=921 YHG=893>used " XBD=1104 XHG=1072 YBD=920 YHG=893>in " XBD=1205 XHG=1118 YBD=920 YHG=893>these" XBD=280 XHG=76 YBD=971 YHG=936>experiments " XBD=372 XHG=291 YBD=963 YHG=944>were " XBD=471 XHG=383 YBD=971 YHG=944>pure: " XBD=506 XHG=484 YBD=963 YHG=935>it " XBD=543 XHG=518 YBD=963 YHG=935>is " XBD=731 XHG=555 YBD=963 YHG=935>contended " XBD=806 XHG=740 YBD=963 YHG=935>that " XBD=895 XHG=818 YBD=970 YHG=943>pure " XBD=994 XHG=907 YBD=963 YHG=935>FHA " XBD=1030 XHG=1004 YBD=963 YHG=935>is " XBD=1095 XHG=1041 YBD=963 YHG=941>not " XBD=1205 XHG=1107 YBD=963 YHG=936>active" XBD=120 XHG=76 YBD=1011 YHG=987>or, " XBD=161 XHG=132 YBD=1006 YHG=984>at " XBD=249 XHG=172 YBD=1011 YHG=978>best, " XBD=373 XHG=262 YBD=1013 YHG=978>poorly " XBD=418 XHG=384 YBD=1006 YHG=987>so " XBD=463 XHG=430 YBD=1005 YHG=978>in " XBD=527 XHG=474 YBD=1005 YHG=977>the " XBD=836 XHG=539 YBD=1013 YHG=978>mouse-protection " XBD=934 XHG=847 YBD=1006 YHG=970>test.4 |>" XBD=934 XHG=919 YBD=989 YHG=970>4" XBD=161 XHG=111 YBD=1048 YHG=1020>On " XBD=240 XHG=186 YBD=1048 YHG=1020>the " XBD=356 XHG=267 YBD=1048 YHG=1020>other " XBD=477 XHG=383 YBD=1053 YHG=1020>hand, " XBD=594 XHG=506 YBD=1047 YHG=1020>FHA " XBD=834 XHG=620 YBD=1056 YHG=1020>preparations " XBD=910 XHG=860 YBD=1048 YHG=1028>are " XBD=1082 XHG=938 YBD=1055 YHG=1020>reported " XBD=1140 XHG=1107 YBD=1048 YHG=1027>to " XBD=1205 XHG=1167 YBD=1048 YHG=1020>be" XBD=242 XHG=76 YBD=1099 YHG=1063>protective " XBD=351 XHG=259 YBD=1090 YHG=1063>when " XBD=467 XHG=367 YBD=1090 YHG=1062>tested " XBD=515 XHG=483 YBD=1090 YHG=1062>in " XBD=570 XHG=531 YBD=1090 YHG=1072>an " XBD=930 XHG=587 YBD=1097 YHG=1062>inhalation-challenge " XBD=1033 XHG=946 YBD=1098 YHG=1071>assay " XBD=1081 XHG=1049 YBD=1090 YHG=1063>in " XBD=1203 XHG=1097 YBD=1090 YHG=1055>mice.2 |>" XBD=1203 XHG=1190 YBD=1074 YHG=1055>2" XBD=173 XHG=77 YBD=1132 YHG=1104>Other " XBD=311 XHG=194 YBD=1132 YHG=1104>studies " XBD=458 XHG=334 YBD=1140 YHG=1111>suggest " XBD=546 XHG=480 YBD=1132 YHG=1105>that " XBD=602 XHG=569 YBD=1132 YHG=1105>in " XBD=676 XHG=623 YBD=1132 YHG=1105>the " XBD=797 XHG=699 YBD=1132 YHG=1105>initial " XBD=919 XHG=820 YBD=1139 YHG=1111>stages " XBD=979 XHG=941 YBD=1133 YHG=1104>of " XBD=1145 XHG=994 YBD=1132 YHG=1104>infection " XBD=1200 XHG=1166 YBD=1132 YHG=1105>B." XBD=210 XHG=72 YBD=1182 YHG=1147>pertussis " XBD=300 XHG=229 YBD=1182 YHG=1156>may " XBD=431 XHG=319 YBD=1175 YHG=1147>adhere " XBD=482 XHG=450 YBD=1174 YHG=1153>to " XBD=562 XHG=500 YBD=1174 YHG=1147>and " XBD=718 XHG=580 YBD=1182 YHG=1147>damage, " XBD=815 XHG=738 YBD=1174 YHG=1156>even " XBD=968 XHG=834 YBD=1182 YHG=1148>destroy, " XBD=1040 XHG=987 YBD=1174 YHG=1148>the " XBD=1204 XHG=1059 YBD=1180 YHG=1147>tracheal," XBD=174 XHG=76 YBD=1216 YHG=1188>ciliate " XBD=387 XHG=193 YBD=1224 YHG=1189>epithelium, " XBD=480 XHG=406 YBD=1217 YHG=1189>thus " XBD=693 XHG=499 YBD=1225 YHG=1188>simplifying " XBD=764 XHG=710 YBD=1217 YHG=1189>the " XBD=907 XHG=783 YBD=1224 YHG=1197>process " XBD=964 XHG=925 YBD=1216 YHG=1189>of " XBD=1204 XHG=977 YBD=1216 YHG=1182>infection.2,5,6" XBD=176 XHG=76 YBD=1259 YHG=1231>Three " XBD=294 XHG=188 YBD=1266 YHG=1231>points " XBD=420 XHG=306 YBD=1266 YHG=1232>arising " XBD=514 XHG=432 YBD=1259 YHG=1231>from " XBD=587 XHG=524 YBD=1259 YHG=1232>this " XBD=794 XHG=598 YBD=1259 YHG=1232>observation " XBD=900 XHG=806 YBD=1259 YHG=1231>could " XBD=949 XHG=910 YBD=1259 YHG=1231>be " XBD=1096 XHG=961 YBD=1259 YHG=1232>relevant " XBD=1140 XHG=1108 YBD=1259 YHG=1238>to " XBD=1205 XHG=1152 YBD=1259 YHG=1232>the" XBD=201 XHG=76 YBD=1301 YHG=1274>method " XBD=251 XHG=213 YBD=1301 YHG=1273>of " XBD=446 XHG=258 YBD=1309 YHG=1274>production " XBD=521 XHG=459 YBD=1302 YHG=1274>and " XBD=587 XHG=532 YBD=1302 YHG=1283>use " XBD=638 XHG=600 YBD=1302 YHG=1273>of " XBD=794 XHG=645 YBD=1309 YHG=1274>pertussis " XBD=943 XHG=807 YBD=1301 YHG=1274>vaccine:" XBD=140 XHG=104 YBD=1369 YHG=1338>(1) " XBD=174 XHG=152 YBD=1362 YHG=1339>It " XBD=234 XHG=186 YBD=1362 YHG=1339>has " XBD=315 XHG=245 YBD=1362 YHG=1339>been " XBD=421 XHG=327 YBD=1363 YHG=1339>shown " XBD=462 XHG=433 YBD=1362 YHG=1339>in " XBD=672 XHG=474 YBD=1363 YHG=1339>tissue-culture " XBD=869 XHG=685 YBD=1369 YHG=1340>preparations " XBD=937 XHG=880 YBD=1363 YHG=1339>that " XBD=1079 XHG=950 YBD=1369 YHG=1339>antibody " XBD=1117 XHG=1090 YBD=1363 YHG=1344>to " XBD=1205 XHG=1129 YBD=1363 YHG=1339>FHA" XBD=127 XHG=75 YBD=1401 YHG=1376>will " XBD=245 XHG=134 YBD=1407 YHG=1382>prevent " XBD=300 XHG=253 YBD=1400 YHG=1377>the " XBD=457 XHG=308 YBD=1401 YHG=1377>adherence " XBD=531 XHG=465 YBD=1401 YHG=1377>ofB. " XBD=661 XHG=538 YBD=1407 YHG=1377>pertussis " XBD=674 XHG=666 YBD=1385 YHG=1366>1 " XBD=816 XHG=687 YBD=1407 YHG=1377>although " XBD=899 XHG=824 YBD=1401 YHG=1377>there " XBD=960 XHG=907 YBD=1406 YHG=1385>are, " XBD=996 XHG=968 YBD=1401 YHG=1384>as " XBD=1056 XHG=1003 YBD=1408 YHG=1382>yet, " XBD=1101 XHG=1065 YBD=1401 YHG=1384>no " XBD=1169 XHG=1108 YBD=1401 YHG=1377>data " XBD=1204 XHG=1176 YBD=1401 YHG=1383>to" XBD=148 XHG=75 YBD=1438 YHG=1414>show " XBD=212 XHG=156 YBD=1437 YHG=1414>that " XBD=267 XHG=221 YBD=1437 YHG=1414>the " XBD=401 XHG=275 YBD=1445 YHG=1415>systemic " XBD=538 XHG=410 YBD=1444 YHG=1415>injection " XBD=659 XHG=546 YBD=1438 YHG=1414>of FHA " XBD=720 XHG=667 YBD=1438 YHG=1415>will " XBD=828 XHG=730 YBD=1439 YHG=1415>induce " XBD=904 XHG=837 YBD=1439 YHG=1415>local " XBD=1058 XHG=913 YBD=1445 YHG=1415>immunity " XBD=1203 XHG=1067 YBD=1438 YHG=1414>sufficient" XBD=102 XHG=74 YBD=1476 YHG=1457>to " XBD=222 XHG=113 YBD=1482 YHG=1457>prevent " XBD=372 XHG=233 YBD=1477 YHG=1451>infection." XBD=140 XHG=104 YBD=1520 YHG=1489>(2) " XBD=240 XHG=164 YBD=1513 YHG=1489>Most " XBD=395 XHG=266 YBD=1520 YHG=1490>pertussis " XBD=542 XHG=420 YBD=1514 YHG=1490>vaccines " XBD=649 XHG=568 YBD=1521 YHG=1490>today " XBD=717 XHG=674 YBD=1514 YHG=1498>are " XBD=881 XHG=742 YBD=1520 YHG=1491>produced " XBD=934 XHG=906 YBD=1514 YHG=1491>in " XBD=1075 XHG=959 YBD=1520 YHG=1490>agitated " XBD=1204 XHG=1100 YBD=1514 YHG=1490>culture" XBD=249 XHG=75 YBD=1558 YHG=1527>(fermenters, " XBD=344 XHG=266 YBD=1551 YHG=1528>roller " XBD=466 XHG=358 YBD=1557 YHG=1528>bottles, " XBD=562 XHG=483 YBD=1552 YHG=1528>shake " XBD=678 XHG=579 YBD=1558 YHG=1528>flasks), " XBD=708 XHG=694 YBD=1552 YHG=1535>a " XBD=835 XHG=723 YBD=1552 YHG=1528>method " XBD=883 XHG=850 YBD=1551 YHG=1528>of " XBD=996 XHG=893 YBD=1558 YHG=1528>growth " XBD=1068 XHG=1011 YBD=1551 YHG=1528>that " XBD=1204 XHG=1084 YBD=1558 YHG=1528>destroys|>" XBD=174 XHG=75 YBD=1588 YHG=1554>FHA. |>" XBD=174 XHG=161 YBD=1573 YHG=1554>7" XBD=141 XHG=104 YBD=1633 YHG=1602>(3) " XBD=197 XHG=155 YBD=1626 YHG=1603>All " XBD=296 XHG=213 YBD=1633 YHG=1604>phase " XBD=324 XHG=312 YBD=1626 YHG=1603>I " XBD=434 XHG=339 YBD=1627 YHG=1604>strains " XBD=522 XHG=450 YBD=1627 YHG=1603>of B. " XBD=659 XHG=537 YBD=1634 YHG=1604>pertussis " XBD=709 XHG=674 YBD=1627 YHG=1604>do " XBD=771 XHG=724 YBD=1627 YHG=1609>not " XBD=906 XHG=786 YBD=1634 YHG=1603>produce " XBD=997 XHG=922 YBD=1627 YHG=1603>FHA " XBD=1043 XHG=1011 YBD=1633 YHG=1604>(J. " XBD=1204 XHG=1060 YBD=1632 YHG=1603>Cameron," XBD=275 XHG=75 YBD=1671 YHG=1640>unpublished).

" XBD=201 XHG=110 YBD=1721 YHG=1693>From " XBD=302 XHG=215 YBD=1721 YHG=1694>these " XBD=402 XHG=316 YBD=1721 YHG=1694>three " XBD=533 XHG=417 YBD=1729 YHG=1694>points, " XBD=571 XHG=549 YBD=1721 YHG=1694>it " XBD=685 XHG=587 YBD=1729 YHG=1694>might " XBD=783 XHG=700 YBD=1721 YHG=1703>seem " XBD=1009 XHG=796 YBD=1730 YHG=1694>theoretically " XBD=1159 XHG=1023 YBD=1729 YHG=1694>possible " XBD=1205 XHG=1173 YBD=1722 YHG=1700>to" XBD=201 XHG=76 YBD=1771 YHG=1742>prevent " XBD=363 XHG=212 YBD=1764 YHG=1736>infection " XBD=413 XHG=372 YBD=1772 YHG=1737>by " XBD=540 XHG=422 YBD=1765 YHG=1737>aerosol " XBD=785 XHG=550 YBD=1764 YHG=1737>immunisation " XBD=870 XHG=794 YBD=1764 YHG=1737>with " XBD=1021 XHG=879 YBD=1765 YHG=1737>vaccines " XBD=1119 XHG=1030 YBD=1764 YHG=1737>made " XBD=1205 XHG=1128 YBD=1764 YHG=1737>with" XBD=348 XHG=76 YBD=1814 YHG=1778>FHA-producing " XBD=476 XHG=365 YBD=1807 YHG=1779>strains " XBD=532 XHG=494 YBD=1806 YHG=1779>of " XBD=577 XHG=542 YBD=1806 YHG=1779>B. pertzissis " XBD=861 XHG=754 YBD=1814 YHG=1788>grown " XBD=911 XHG=879 YBD=1807 YHG=1779>in " XBD=1018 XHG=929 YBD=1807 YHG=1780>static " XBD=1156 XHG=1035 YBD=1807 YHG=1780>culture " XBD=1205 XHG=1173 YBD=1807 YHG=1785>to" XBD=215 XHG=76 YBD=1856 YHG=1829>preserve " XBD=286 XHG=233 YBD=1848 YHG=1821>the " XBD=401 XHG=306 YBD=1848 YHG=1821>FHA. " XBD=492 XHG=422 YBD=1848 YHG=1821>The " XBD=656 XHG=511 YBD=1856 YHG=1821>practical " XBD=844 XHG=676 YBD=1856 YHG=1821>problems, " XBD=1017 XHG=863 YBD=1854 YHG=1821>however, " XBD=1075 XHG=1036 YBD=1849 YHG=1821>of " XBD=1205 XHG=1087 YBD=1849 YHG=1822>aerosol" XBD=267 XHG=75 YBD=1891 YHG=1863>vaccination " XBD=318 XHG=279 YBD=1891 YHG=1863>of " XBD=440 XHG=325 YBD=1891 YHG=1863>infants " XBD=605 XHG=454 YBD=1899 YHG=1863>probably " XBD=683 XHG=617 YBD=1891 YHG=1864>rule " XBD=750 XHG=696 YBD=1891 YHG=1870>out " XBD=825 XHG=763 YBD=1891 YHG=1864>this " XBD=1004 XHG=839 YBD=1898 YHG=1864>approach." XBD=234 XHG=110 YBD=1941 YHG=1905>Logical " XBD=279 XHG=248 YBD=1933 YHG=1914>as " XBD=371 XHG=293 YBD=1933 YHG=1906>such " XBD=423 XHG=384 YBD=1933 YHG=1915>an " XBD=594 XHG=436 YBD=1941 YHG=1906>approach " XBD=706 XHG=607 YBD=1940 YHG=1906>might " XBD=844 XHG=720 YBD=1941 YHG=1914>appear, " XBD=880 XHG=858 YBD=1933 YHG=1906>it " XBD=1008 XHG=894 YBD=1933 YHG=1906>should " XBD=1154 XHG=1020 YBD=1941 YHG=1906>perhaps " XBD=1205 XHG=1167 YBD=1933 YHG=1906>be" XBD=286 XHG=76 YBD=1976 YHG=1948>remembered " XBD=363 XHG=297 YBD=1975 YHG=1948>that " XBD=408 XHG=377 YBD=1975 YHG=1948>in " XBD=545 XHG=421 YBD=1975 YHG=1948>cholera " XBD=619 XHG=558 YBD=1975 YHG=1948>and " XBD=774 XHG=630 YBD=1975 YHG=1947>coliform enteritis-where " XBD=1204 XHG=1077 YBD=1981 YHG=1949>disease," XBD=231 XHG=76 YBD=2026 YHG=1990>similarly, " XBD=340 XHG=241 YBD=2018 YHG=1999>seems " XBD=380 XHG=347 YBD=2018 YHG=1996>to " XBD=466 XHG=388 YBD=2018 YHG=1991>arise " XBD=556 XHG=474 YBD=2018 YHG=1990>from " XBD=662 XHG=563 YBD=2017 YHG=1990>initial " XBD=842 XHG=671 YBD=2018 YHG=1990>adherence " XBD=943 XHG=850 YBD=2018 YHG=1990>of the " XBD=1106 XHG=952 YBD=2018 YHG=1991>causative " XBD=1204 XHG=1114 YBD=2025 YHG=1997>agent" XBD=119 XHG=75 YBD=2068 YHG=2033>(in " XBD=219 XHG=133 YBD=2060 YHG=2033>these " XBD=400 XHG=235 YBD=2060 YHG=2032>infections " XBD=448 XHG=415 YBD=2060 YHG=2039>to " XBD=515 XHG=463 YBD=2060 YHG=2033>the " XBD=688 XHG=531 YBD=2060 YHG=2032>intestinal " XBD=1021 XHG=703 YBD=2067 YHG=2032>mucosa)-methods " XBD=1076 XHG=1037 YBD=2060 YHG=2032>of " XBD=1205 XHG=1084 YBD=2060 YHG=2033>control" XBD=167 XHG=75 YBD=2103 YHG=2075>based " XBD=217 XHG=176 YBD=2102 YHG=2084>on " XBD=411 XHG=227 YBD=2112 YHG=2074>prevention " XBD=613 XHG=421 YBD=2102 YHG=2074>of adhesion " XBD=700 XHG=623 YBD=2102 YHG=2074>have " XBD=765 XHG=710 YBD=2102 YHG=2081>not " XBD=810 XHG=775 YBD=2102 YHG=2084>so " XBD=865 XHG=820 YBD=2101 YHG=2074>far " XBD=993 XHG=875 YBD=2109 YHG=2075>proved " XBD=1033 XHG=1000 YBD=2102 YHG=2081>to " XBD=1081 XHG=1042 YBD=2102 YHG=2075>be " XBD=1206 XHG=1090 YBD=2110 YHG=2074>wholly" XBD=225 XHG=76 YBD=2145 YHG=2117>effective. ’,9 " XBD=331 XHG=280 YBD=2145 YHG=2116>On " XBD=392 XHG=340 YBD=2144 YHG=2117>the " XBD=491 XHG=402 YBD=2144 YHG=2117>other " XBD=594 XHG=500 YBD=2150 YHG=2116>hand, " XBD=691 XHG=605 YBD=2144 YHG=2117>there " XBD=726 XHG=701 YBD=2144 YHG=2117>is " XBD=789 XHG=736 YBD=2144 YHG=2123>not " XBD=852 XHG=800 YBD=2144 YHG=2117>the " XBD=986 XHG=861 YBD=2152 YHG=2117>cyclical " XBD=1164 XHG=997 YBD=2152 YHG=2117>regularity " XBD=1204 XHG=1173 YBD=2143 YHG=2117>in" XBD=159 XHG=75 YBD=2188 YHG=2160>these " XBD=336 XHG=170 YBD=2187 YHG=2158>infections " XBD=412 XHG=346 YBD=2187 YHG=2159>that " XBD=511 XHG=424 YBD=2187 YHG=2160>there " XBD=547 XHG=521 YBD=2186 YHG=2159>is " XBD=589 XHG=557 YBD=2186 YHG=2159>in " XBD=770 XHG=600 YBD=2194 YHG=2159>whooping " XBD=893 XHG=780 YBD=2194 YHG=2159>cough, " XBD=967 XHG=905 YBD=2186 YHG=2159>and " XBD=999 XHG=976 YBD=2186 YHG=2159>it " XBD=1081 XHG=1010 YBD=2194 YHG=2168>may " XBD=1128 XHG=1090 YBD=2186 YHG=2159>be " XBD=1204 XHG=1139 YBD=2187 YHG=2159>that" XBD=161 XHG=76 YBD=2230 YHG=2202>FHA " XBD=229 XHG=173 YBD=2230 YHG=2210>can " XBD=314 XHG=242 YBD=2237 YHG=2201>play " XBD=419 XHG=327 YBD=2229 YHG=2201>a role " XBD=466 XHG=433 YBD=2228 YHG=2201>in " XBD=662 XHG=478 YBD=2236 YHG=2202>preventing " XBD=835 XHG=676 YBD=2228 YHG=2201>infection." XBD=136 XHG=109 YBD=2271 YHG=2244>A " XBD=267 XHG=150 YBD=2272 YHG=2244>feature " XBD=322 XHG=283 YBD=2272 YHG=2243>of " XBD=481 XHG=332 YBD=2279 YHG=2244>pertussis " XBD=638 XHG=496 YBD=2271 YHG=2244>vaccines " XBD=740 XHG=653 YBD=2271 YHG=2243>often " XBD=942 XHG=756 YBD=2271 YHG=2243>overlooked " XBD=989 XHG=957 YBD=2270 YHG=2244>in " XBD=1068 XHG=1005 YBD=2271 YHG=2243>this " XBD=1158 XHG=1083 YBD=2270 YHG=2243>kind " XBD=1211 XHG=1173 YBD=2270 YHG=2243>of" XBD=246 XHG=75 YBD=2315 YHG=2286>discussion " XBD=284 XHG=259 YBD=2313 YHG=2286>is " XBD=349 XHG=297 YBD=2313 YHG=2286>the " XBD=421 XHG=362 YBD=2313 YHG=2285>fact " XBD=500 XHG=435 YBD=2314 YHG=2286>that " XBD=565 XHG=513 YBD=2313 YHG=2285>the " XBD=687 XHG=578 YBD=2313 YHG=2286>World " XBD=815 XHG=698 YBD=2313 YHG=2285>Health " XBD=1047 XHG=828 YBD=2320 YHG=2285>Organisation " XBD=1205 XHG=1059 YBD=2313 YHG=2286>standard" XBD=112 XHG=74 YBD=2356 YHG=2328>of " XBD=265 XHG=122 YBD=2364 YHG=2335>potency, " XBD=302 XHG=282 YBD=2355 YHG=2329>4 " XBD=376 XHG=319 YBD=2355 YHG=2328>PU " XBD=572 XHG=390 YBD=2363 YHG=2328>(protective " XBD=686 XHG=588 YBD=2362 YHG=2328>units) " XBD=755 XHG=701 YBD=2362 YHG=2336>per " XBD=869 XHG=772 YBD=2362 YHG=2328>single " XBD=1003 XHG=886 YBD=2355 YHG=2328>human " XBD=1125 XHG=1020 YBD=2355 YHG=2321>dose 10 " XBD=1203 XHG=1142 YBD=2354 YHG=2336>was" XBD=235 XHG=74 YBD=2405 YHG=2371>originally " XBD=497 XHG=257 YBD=2405 YHG=2370>acknowledged " XBD=550 XHG=518 YBD=2397 YHG=2376>to " XBD=641 XHG=572 YBD=2404 YHG=2370>give " XBD=704 XHG=663 YBD=2397 YHG=2378>no " XBD=812 XHG=727 YBD=2397 YHG=2378>more " XBD=910 XHG=834 YBD=2397 YHG=2370>than " XBD=1007 XHG=933 YBD=2396 YHG=2370>80% " XBD=1203 XHG=1029 YBD=2404 YHG=2369>protection" XBD=202 XHG=74 YBD=2440 YHG=2412>because " XBD=270 XHG=231 YBD=2440 YHG=2412>of " XBD=427 XHG=293 YBD=2440 YHG=2420>concern " XBD=549 XHG=456 YBD=2439 YHG=2412>about " XBD=731 XHG=579 YBD=2439 YHG=2412>reactions " XBD=835 XHG=758 YBD=2439 YHG=2411>with " XBD=1004 XHG=863 YBD=2438 YHG=2411>vaccines " XBD=1072 XHG=1033 YBD=2439 YHG=2411>of " XBD=1203 XHG=1094 YBD=2445 YHG=2411>higher

1. Arai H, Sato Y. Separation and characterisation of two distinct hemagglutininscontained in purified leucocytosis-promoting factor from Bordetella pertussis.Biochim Biophys Acta 1976; 444: 765-82.

2. Sato Y, Izumiya M, Oda A, Sato H. Biological significance of Bordetella pertussisFimbriae or Hemagglutinin: a possible Role of the Fimbriae or Hemagglutinin forPathogenesis and Antibacterial Immunity. In: Manclark CR, Hill JC, eds

International Symposium on Pertussis 1978. Washington, DC: Department ofHealth, Education and Welfare, 1979: 51-57

3. Robinson A, Hawkins DC, Irons LI. The preparation of Distinctive ProtectiveAntigens from Bordetella pertussis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1981; 10: 241-44.

4 Munoz JJ, Arai H, Cole RL Mouse-protecting and Histamine-Sensitising Activities ofPertussigen and Fimbrial Hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun1981; 32: 243-50.

5. Muse KE, Collier AM, Baseman JB. Scanning electron Microscope Study ofTrachealOrgan Cultures Infected with Bordetella pertussis. J Infect Dis 1977; 136: 768-77

6. Baseman JB. Pathogenesis of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Hamster Tracheal OrganCulture. J Infect Dis 1977; 136: 9196-203.

7. Arai H, Munoz JJ. Fimbrial hemagglutinin in Stationary and Shake Cultures ofBordetella pertussis. Infect Immun 1979; 25: 764-67.

8. Craig JP. A survey of Enterotoxic Enteropathies. In: Ouchterlony O, Holmgren J, eds.Cholera and related diarrheas: 43rd Nobel symposium, 1978. Basle: S. Karger,1980: 15-25.

9. Levine MM. Current status and prospects for Immunoprophylaxis in Cholera andOther Enterotoxic Enteropathies. In: Ouchterlony O, Holmgren J, eds Cholera andrelated diarrheas: 43rd Nobel symposium, 1978. Basle: S. Karger, 1980: 232.

10. Requirements for diphtheria Toxoid, Pertussis Vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid andCombined Vaccines. WHO Tech Rep Ser 1979, no. 638

" XBD=1471 XHG=1296 YBD=368 YHG=326>potency.&dquo; " XBD=1572 XHG=1493 YBD=360 YHG=333>This " XBD=1660 XHG=1590 YBD=367 YHG=341>may " XBD=1808 XHG=1677 YBD=360 YHG=339>account " XBD=1875 XHG=1826 YBD=359 YHG=331>for " XBD=1908 XHG=1892 YBD=359 YHG=341>a " XBD=2110 XHG=1926 YBD=366 YHG=331>periodicity " XBD=2182 XHG=2128 YBD=358 YHG=336>not " XBD=2272 XHG=2200 YBD=357 YHG=338>seen " XBD=2323 XHG=2290 YBD=358 YHG=330>in " XBD=2430 XHG=2340 YBD=357 YHG=331>other" XBD=1429 XHG=1296 YBD=402 YHG=375>diseases " XBD=1549 XHG=1445 YBD=402 YHG=375>where " XBD=1619 XHG=1566 YBD=401 YHG=375>the " XBD=1786 XHG=1637 YBD=409 YHG=374>expected " XBD=1978 XHG=1803 YBD=409 YHG=373>protection " XBD=2076 XHG=1995 YBD=401 YHG=372>from " XBD=2286 XHG=2093 YBD=400 YHG=372>vaccination " XBD=2375 XHG=2304 YBD=407 YHG=380>may " XBD=2429 XHG=2390 YBD=399 YHG=372>be" XBD=1410 XHG=1295 YBD=444 YHG=417>known " XBD=1453 XHG=1421 YBD=444 YHG=423>to " XBD=1502 XHG=1464 YBD=444 YHG=417>be " XBD=1633 XHG=1514 YBD=452 YHG=416>higher. " XBD=1750 XHG=1646 YBD=444 YHG=416>There " XBD=1787 XHG=1762 YBD=444 YHG=416>is " XBD=2011 XHG=1798 YBD=451 YHG=416>presumptive " XBD=2169 XHG=2023 YBD=443 YHG=416>evidence " XBD=2246 XHG=2180 YBD=443 YHG=415>that " XBD=2277 XHG=2257 YBD=442 YHG=415>4 " XBD=2348 XHG=2291 YBD=442 YHG=414>PU " XBD=2429 XHG=2359 YBD=450 YHG=423>may" XBD=1333 XHG=1294 YBD=487 YHG=459>be " XBD=1388 XHG=1346 YBD=487 YHG=468>on " XBD=1453 XHG=1401 YBD=486 YHG=459>the " XBD=1528 XHG=1468 YBD=487 YHG=459>low " XBD=1606 XHG=1541 YBD=487 YHG=459>side " XBD=1668 XHG=1620 YBD=486 YHG=458>for " XBD=1758 XHG=1681 YBD=486 YHG=459>herd " XBD=1947 XHG=1772 YBD=494 YHG=459>immunity. " XBD=2044 XHG=1964 YBD=486 YHG=458>Data " XBD=2139 XHG=2058 YBD=486 YHG=458>from " XBD=2228 XHG=2151 YBD=486 YHG=458>both " XBD=2293 XHG=2241 YBD=485 YHG=458>the " XBD=2427 XHG=2307 YBD=485 YHG=449>U.K.12" XBD=1356 XHG=1295 YBD=529 YHG=502>and " XBD=1489 XHG=1380 YBD=529 YHG=494>U.S.13 " XBD=1602 XHG=1515 YBD=529 YHG=501>show " XBD=1812 XHG=1625 YBD=529 YHG=501>breakdown " XBD=1868 XHG=1836 YBD=528 YHG=501>in " XBD=2067 XHG=1893 YBD=536 YHG=501>protection " XBD=2124 XHG=2093 YBD=528 YHG=501>in " XBD=2227 XHG=2148 YBD=537 YHG=500>fully " XBD=2429 XHG=2249 YBD=528 YHG=500>vaccinated" XBD=1435 XHG=1295 YBD=572 YHG=544>children " XBD=1542 XHG=1450 YBD=578 YHG=544>given " XBD=1697 XHG=1556 YBD=571 YHG=544>vaccines " XBD=1893 XHG=1712 YBD=578 YHG=544>containing " XBD=2047 XHG=1906 YBD=571 YHG=544>between " XBD=2080 XHG=2062 YBD=571 YHG=545>2 " XBD=2156 XHG=2095 YBD=571 YHG=544>and " XBD=2188 XHG=2169 YBD=571 YHG=544>4 " XBD=2260 XHG=2203 YBD=571 YHG=543>PU " XBD=2328 XHG=2273 YBD=579 YHG=552>per " XBD=2426 XHG=2342 YBD=571 YHG=544>dose." XBD=1425 XHG=1295 YBD=621 YHG=586>Despite " XBD=1560 XHG=1436 YBD=613 YHG=592>current " XBD=1705 XHG=1571 YBD=614 YHG=595>concern " XBD=1809 XHG=1715 YBD=614 YHG=586>about " XBD=1872 XHG=1819 YBD=613 YHG=586>the " XBD=2042 XHG=1882 YBD=621 YHG=586>reactivity " XBD=2243 XHG=2051 YBD=621 YHG=585>of pertussis " XBD=2394 XHG=2253 YBD=614 YHG=586>vaccines " XBD=2427 XHG=2405 YBD=613 YHG=586>it" XBD=1365 XHG=1295 YBD=664 YHG=637>may " XBD=1413 XHG=1374 YBD=655 YHG=628>be " XBD=1524 XHG=1422 YBD=656 YHG=628>worth " XBD=1730 XHG=1533 YBD=663 YHG=628>considering " XBD=1854 XHG=1740 YBD=663 YHG=628>raising " XBD=1916 XHG=1864 YBD=656 YHG=628>the " XBD=2094 XHG=1926 YBD=656 YHG=628>minimum " XBD=2239 XHG=2104 YBD=664 YHG=635>potency " XBD=2329 XHG=2247 YBD=656 YHG=628>from " XBD=2356 XHG=2338 YBD=656 YHG=629>4 " XBD=2428 XHG=2371 YBD=656 YHG=628>PU" XBD=1356 XHG=1295 YBD=698 YHG=671>and " XBD=1503 XHG=1374 YBD=706 YHG=670>thereby " XBD=1678 XHG=1522 YBD=698 YHG=670>eliminate " XBD=1749 XHG=1696 YBD=698 YHG=671>the " XBD=1891 XHG=1767 YBD=705 YHG=677>present " XBD=2053 XHG=1909 YBD=699 YHG=671>triennial " XBD=2208 XHG=2071 YBD=706 YHG=680>upsurge " XBD=2265 XHG=2226 YBD=698 YHG=671>of " XBD=2427 XHG=2277 YBD=699 YHG=671>infection" XBD=1399 XHG=1294 YBD=740 YHG=713>which " XBD=1485 XHG=1423 YBD=741 YHG=713>still " XBD=1615 XHG=1510 YBD=741 YHG=721>means " XBD=1779 XHG=1640 YBD=748 YHG=713>possibly " XBD=1962 XHG=1803 YBD=741 YHG=713>avoidable " XBD=2047 XHG=1986 YBD=741 YHG=714>and " XBD=2220 XHG=2070 YBD=749 YHG=714>certainly " XBD=2427 XHG=2243 YBD=749 YHG=714>unpleasant" XBD=1412 XHG=1296 YBD=783 YHG=755>disease " XBD=1458 XHG=1426 YBD=783 YHG=755>in " XBD=1596 XHG=1470 YBD=783 YHG=755>infants.

Armand-Frappier Institute,University of Quebec,Laval-des-Rapides,Quebec, Canada H7N 4Z3 JACK CAMERON

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS AND THE BASIDIOSPORE

" XBD=1524 XHG=1335 YBD=1101 YHG=1068>SIR,-Your " XBD=1635 XHG=1547 YBD=1103 YHG=1068>April " XBD=1699 XHG=1660 YBD=1095 YHG=1069>24 " XBD=1862 XHG=1723 YBD=1096 YHG=1068>editorial " XBD=2037 XHG=1887 YBD=1103 YHG=1068>provided " XBD=2076 XHG=2060 YBD=1096 YHG=1078>a " XBD=2202 XHG=2099 YBD=1096 YHG=1068>useful " XBD=2287 XHG=2225 YBD=1096 YHG=1069>and " XBD=2432 XHG=2309 YBD=1096 YHG=1069>concise" XBD=1457 XHG=1300 YBD=1146 YHG=1119>summary " XBD=1514 XHG=1475 YBD=1137 YHG=1110>of " XBD=1649 XHG=1525 YBD=1137 YHG=1117>current " XBD=1848 XHG=1668 YBD=1145 YHG=1110>knowledge " XBD=1905 XHG=1867 YBD=1137 YHG=1110>of " XBD=2174 XHG=1917 YBD=1146 YHG=1111>cryptococcosis. |>" XBD=2360 XHG=2195 YBD=1145 YHG=1111>Howevfr, " XBD=2431 XHG=2379 YBD=1138 YHG=1112>the" XBD=1473 XHG=1300 YBD=1180 YHG=1152>discussion " XBD=1749 XHG=1486 YBD=1187 YHG=1152>of pathogenesis " XBD=1832 XHG=1762 YBD=1187 YHG=1161>may " XBD=1921 XHG=1845 YBD=1179 YHG=1153>have " XBD=2013 XHG=1935 YBD=1179 YHG=1153>been " XBD=2280 XHG=2027 YBD=1187 YHG=1152>oversimplified." XBD=1376 XHG=1333 YBD=1222 YHG=1195>As " XBD=1451 XHG=1389 YBD=1230 YHG=1203>you " XBD=1552 XHG=1463 YBD=1229 YHG=1195>point " XBD=1630 XHG=1564 YBD=1227 YHG=1201>out, " XBD=1724 XHG=1643 YBD=1222 YHG=1200>most " XBD=1819 XHG=1736 YBD=1230 YHG=1201>yeast " XBD=1904 XHG=1831 YBD=1222 YHG=1194>cells " XBD=1955 XHG=1916 YBD=1221 YHG=1194>of " XBD=2171 XHG=1962 YBD=1230 YHG=1194>Cryptococcus " XBD=2370 XHG=2184 YBD=1230 YHG=1195>neoformans " XBD=2431 XHG=2381 YBD=1222 YHG=1204>are" XBD=1385 XHG=1301 YBD=1264 YHG=1237>5-15 m " XBD=1496 XHG=1464 YBD=1264 YHG=1237>in " XBD=1668 XHG=1509 YBD=1270 YHG=1237>diameter, " XBD=1726 XHG=1681 YBD=1264 YHG=1236>far " XBD=1791 XHG=1739 YBD=1264 YHG=1243>too " XBD=1885 XHG=1804 YBD=1272 YHG=1237>large " XBD=1929 XHG=1897 YBD=1264 YHG=1243>to " XBD=2100 XHG=1942 YBD=1272 YHG=1243>penetrate " XBD=2165 XHG=2113 YBD=1264 YHG=1237>the " XBD=2321 XHG=2178 YBD=1265 YHG=1237>defences " XBD=2373 XHG=2334 YBD=1264 YHG=1237>of " XBD=2431 XHG=2378 YBD=1265 YHG=1238>the" XBD=1399 XHG=1299 YBD=1315 YHG=1288>upper " XBD=1600 XHG=1414 YBD=1315 YHG=1280>respiratory " XBD=1716 XHG=1614 YBD=1307 YHG=1272>tract.1 " XBD=1815 XHG=1736 YBD=1306 YHG=1279>Ruiz " XBD=1891 XHG=1830 YBD=1307 YHG=1279>and " XBD=2048 XHG=1905 YBD=1307 YHG=1272>Bulmer2 among " XBD=2337 XHG=2192 YBD=1307 YHG=1272>others3-S " XBD=2430 XHG=2354 YBD=1307 YHG=1280>have" XBD=1376 XHG=1299 YBD=1350 YHG=1322>used " XBD=1599 XHG=1386 YBD=1357 YHG=1322>air-sampling " XBD=1816 XHG=1609 YBD=1357 YHG=1322>experiments " XBD=1860 XHG=1828 YBD=1349 YHG=1328>to " XBD=1964 XHG=1871 YBD=1357 YHG=1330>argue " XBD=2039 XHG=1974 YBD=1349 YHG=1322>that " XBD=2146 XHG=2050 YBD=1349 YHG=1322>much " XBD=2279 XHG=2157 YBD=1350 YHG=1323>smaller " XBD=2363 XHG=2289 YBD=1350 YHG=1322>cells " XBD=2431 XHG=2374 YBD=1349 YHG=1331>can" XBD=1376 XHG=1300 YBD=1392 YHG=1365>exist " XBD=1422 XHG=1390 YBD=1391 YHG=1365>in " XBD=1554 XHG=1434 YBD=1392 YHG=1365>Nature " XBD=1629 XHG=1568 YBD=1392 YHG=1365>and " XBD=1706 XHG=1640 YBD=1392 YHG=1365>that " XBD=1805 XHG=1720 YBD=1392 YHG=1364>these " XBD=1906 XHG=1819 YBD=1392 YHG=1365>small " XBD=1993 XHG=1919 YBD=1392 YHG=1364>cells " XBD=2076 XHG=2006 YBD=1399 YHG=1373>may " XBD=2207 XHG=2089 YBD=1392 YHG=1364>initiate " XBD=2381 XHG=2221 YBD=1392 YHG=1364>infection." XBD=1391 XHG=1334 YBD=1435 YHG=1408>We " XBD=1514 XHG=1405 YBD=1434 YHG=1407>favour " XBD=1566 XHG=1528 YBD=1434 YHG=1416>an " XBD=1760 XHG=1581 YBD=1435 YHG=1407>alternative " XBD=2125 XHG=1774 YBD=1443 YHG=1407>hypothesis-namely, " XBD=2205 XHG=2139 YBD=1435 YHG=1408>that " XBD=2271 XHG=2219 YBD=1435 YHG=1408>the " XBD=2431 XHG=2285 YBD=1435 YHG=1406>infective" XBD=1390 XHG=1300 YBD=1485 YHG=1455>agent " XBD=1448 XHG=1410 YBD=1478 YHG=1449>of " XBD=1709 XHG=1462 YBD=1485 YHG=1450>cryptococcosis " XBD=1799 XHG=1729 YBD=1485 YHG=1458>may " XBD=1856 XHG=1818 YBD=1477 YHG=1450>be " XBD=1927 XHG=1875 YBD=1476 YHG=1449>the " XBD=2170 XHG=1946 YBD=1484 YHG=1449>basildiospore " XBD=2228 XHG=2190 YBD=1477 YHG=1449>of " XBD=2293 XHG=2241 YBD=1477 YHG=1450>the " XBD=2430 XHG=2314 YBD=1484 YHG=1449>perfect" XBD=1428 XHG=1299 YBD=1528 YHG=1492>(sexual) " XBD=1527 XHG=1445 YBD=1519 YHG=1491>form " XBD=1581 XHG=1543 YBD=1520 YHG=1491>of " XBD=1625 XHG=1594 YBD=1520 YHG=1492>C. " XBD=1840 XHG=1648 YBD=1528 YHG=1492>neoformans, " XBD=2076 XHG=1861 YBD=1519 YHG=1491>Filobasidiella " XBD=2309 XHG=2095 YBD=1527 YHG=1485>neoformans. These" XBD=1406 XHG=1300 YBD=1571 YHG=1544>spores " XBD=1465 XHG=1415 YBD=1563 YHG=1543>are " XBD=1709 XHG=1474 YBD=1570 YHG=1535>lemon-shaped " XBD=1886 XHG=1718 YBD=1562 YHG=1540>structures 1’ 8-2’ 5 m " XBD=2147 XHG=2115 YBD=1561 YHG=1535>in " XBD=2303 XHG=2156 YBD=1562 YHG=1535>diameter " XBD=2373 XHG=2312 YBD=1562 YHG=1534>and " XBD=2431 XHG=2381 YBD=1562 YHG=1543>are" XBD=1459 XHG=1299 YBD=1613 YHG=1577>produced " XBD=1508 XHG=1476 YBD=1605 YHG=1577>in " XBD=1607 XHG=1526 YBD=1612 YHG=1578>large " XBD=1772 XHG=1624 YBD=1604 YHG=1578>numbers " XBD=1830 XHG=1789 YBD=1612 YHG=1577>by " XBD=1898 XHG=1846 YBD=1604 YHG=1577>the " XBD=2020 XHG=1916 YBD=1605 YHG=1577>sexual " XBD=2153 XHG=2037 YBD=1605 YHG=1577>basidia " XBD=2232 XHG=2171 YBD=1605 YHG=1577>and " XBD=2298 XHG=2249 YBD=1604 YHG=1585>are " XBD=2432 XHG=2316 YBD=1612 YHG=1577>readily|>" XBD=1512 XHG=1300 YBD=1648 YHG=1613>aerosolised.7 " XBD=1791 XHG=1561 YBD=1653 YHG=1619>Furthermore, " XBD=1928 XHG=1838 YBD=1647 YHG=1620>when " XBD=2152 XHG=1976 YBD=1647 YHG=1619>inoculated " XBD=2239 XHG=2198 YBD=1646 YHG=1628>on " XBD=2432 XHG=2286 YBD=1647 YHG=1619>standard" XBD=1501 XHG=1300 YBD=1698 YHG=1663>mycological " XBD=1629 XHG=1529 YBD=1689 YHG=1662>media " XBD=1730 XHG=1656 YBD=1697 YHG=1662>they " XBD=1893 XHG=1756 YBD=1696 YHG=1662>produce " XBD=2034 XHG=1919 YBD=1698 YHG=1662>typical " XBD=2143 XHG=2060 YBD=1698 YHG=1668>yeast " XBD=2307 XHG=2171 YBD=1689 YHG=1662>colonies " XBD=2373 XHG=2334 YBD=1689 YHG=1661>of " XBD=2427 XHG=2395 YBD=1689 YHG=1661>C." XBD=1493 XHG=1300 YBD=1740 YHG=1704>neoformans. " XBD=1614 XHG=1513 YBD=1738 YHG=1705>Thus, " XBD=1843 XHG=1631 YBD=1739 YHG=1704>air-sampling " XBD=2065 XHG=1858 YBD=1739 YHG=1705>experiments " XBD=2170 XHG=2080 YBD=1739 YHG=1704>(such " XBD=2217 XHG=2186 YBD=1731 YHG=1713>as " XBD=2321 XHG=2232 YBD=1732 YHG=1705>those " XBD=2432 XHG=2337 YBD=1731 YHG=1704>noted" XBD=1408 XHG=1299 YBD=1782 YHG=1748>above) " XBD=1550 XHG=1444 YBD=1775 YHG=1747>would " XBD=1623 XHG=1585 YBD=1775 YHG=1748>be " XBD=1768 XHG=1660 YBD=1782 YHG=1746>totally " XBD=1915 XHG=1803 YBD=1775 YHG=1747>unable " XBD=1984 XHG=1952 YBD=1774 YHG=1753>to " XBD=2209 XHG=2021 YBD=1781 YHG=1746>distinguish " XBD=2432 XHG=2246 YBD=1774 YHG=1746>aerosolised" XBD=1527 XHG=1299 YBD=1824 YHG=1790>basidiospores " XBD=1621 XHG=1540 YBD=1817 YHG=1789>from " XBD=1722 XHG=1633 YBD=1817 YHG=1789>small " XBD=1818 XHG=1734 YBD=1824 YHG=1796>yeast " XBD=1914 XHG=1831 YBD=1817 YHG=1789>cells." XBD=1404 XHG=1334 YBD=1859 YHG=1832>The " XBD=1552 XHG=1416 YBD=1866 YHG=1832>possible " XBD=1782 XHG=1563 YBD=1867 YHG=1832>pathogenetic " XBD=1856 XHG=1793 YBD=1859 YHG=1832>role " XBD=2127 XHG=1869 YBD=1859 YHG=1831>of Filobasidiella " XBD=2171 XHG=2140 YBD=1858 YHG=1831>in " XBD=2431 XHG=2183 YBD=1867 YHG=1831>cryptococcosis" XBD=1360 XHG=1299 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>will " XBD=1426 XHG=1371 YBD=1901 YHG=1880>not " XBD=1473 XHG=1434 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>be " XBD=1608 XHG=1483 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>defined " XBD=1697 XHG=1616 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>until " XBD=1746 XHG=1707 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>its " XBD=1876 XHG=1756 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>natural " XBD=2002 XHG=1885 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>habitat " XBD=2037 XHG=2012 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>is " XBD=2238 XHG=2047 YBD=1909 YHG=1874>recognised, " XBD=2399 XHG=2248 YBD=1908 YHG=1873>although " XBD=2430 XHG=2408 YBD=1901 YHG=1874>it" XBD=1324 XHG=1299 YBD=1944 YHG=1916>is " XBD=1377 XHG=1338 YBD=1944 YHG=1916>of " XBD=1512 XHG=1386 YBD=1943 YHG=1917>interest " XBD=1592 XHG=1528 YBD=1944 YHG=1916>that " XBD=1646 XHG=1608 YBD=1944 YHG=1925>an " XBD=1945 XHG=1661 YBD=1952 YHG=1916>unsupplemented " XBD=2074 XHG=1961 YBD=1951 YHG=1916>pigeon " XBD=2217 XHG=2089 YBD=1943 YHG=1925>manure " XBD=2345 XHG=2232 YBD=1943 YHG=1915>filtrate " XBD=2430 XHG=2360 YBD=1950 YHG=1924>agar" XBD=1361 XHG=1299 YBD=1985 YHG=1958>will " XBD=1503 XHG=1371 YBD=1993 YHG=1965>support " XBD=1565 XHG=1513 YBD=1986 YHG=1959>the " XBD=1696 XHG=1576 YBD=1994 YHG=1959>growth " XBD=1744 XHG=1706 YBD=1986 YHG=1958>of " XBD=1799 XHG=1747 YBD=1986 YHG=1959>the " XBD=1925 XHG=1809 YBD=1994 YHG=1959>perfect " XBD=2044 XHG=1936 YBD=1986 YHG=1951>form.8 " XBD=2092 XHG=2056 YBD=1986 YHG=1958>In " XBD=2252 XHG=2101 YBD=1991 YHG=1958>addition, " XBD=2314 XHG=2261 YBD=1985 YHG=1958>the " XBD=2431 XHG=2324 YBD=1994 YHG=1958>ability" XBD=1330 XHG=1298 YBD=2028 YHG=2007>to " XBD=1498 XHG=1361 YBD=2036 YHG=2001>produce " XBD=1546 XHG=1531 YBD=2028 YHG=2011>a " XBD=1655 XHG=1577 YBD=2036 YHG=2010>pure " XBD=1883 XHG=1685 YBD=2036 YHG=2001>preparation " XBD=1952 XHG=1913 YBD=2028 YHG=2001>of " XBD=2220 XHG=1976 YBD=2036 YHG=1993>basidiospores offers " XBD=2430 XHG=2377 YBD=2027 YHG=2000>the" XBD=1504 XHG=1298 YBD=2079 YHG=2044>opportunity " XBD=1550 XHG=1518 YBD=2071 YHG=2050>to " XBD=1623 XHG=1563 YBD=2071 YHG=2050>test " XBD=1690 XHG=1638 YBD=2071 YHG=2044>the " XBD=1887 XHG=1705 YBD=2079 YHG=2044>hypothesis " XBD=1934 XHG=1902 YBD=2070 YHG=2044>in " XBD=2123 XHG=1949 YBD=2078 YHG=2043>laboratory " XBD=2276 XHG=2137 YBD=2071 YHG=2043>animals. " XBD=2430 XHG=2293 YBD=2078 YHG=2043>Perhaps" XBD=1384 XHG=1298 YBD=2113 YHG=2085>these " XBD=1525 XHG=1408 YBD=2113 YHG=2086>studies " XBD=1611 XHG=1549 YBD=2112 YHG=2085>will " XBD=1764 XHG=1635 YBD=2120 YHG=2086>provide " XBD=1826 XHG=1787 YBD=2113 YHG=2095>an " XBD=2048 XHG=1850 YBD=2121 YHG=2086>explanation " XBD=2119 XHG=2072 YBD=2113 YHG=2085>for " XBD=2195 XHG=2142 YBD=2113 YHG=2086>the " XBD=2376 XHG=2219 YBD=2120 YHG=2085>difficulty " XBD=2437 XHG=2399 YBD=2112 YHG=2084>of" XBD=1484 XHG=1298 YBD=2162 YHG=2128>developing " XBD=1614 XHG=1500 YBD=2155 YHG=2128>animal " XBD=1749 XHG=1630 YBD=2155 YHG=2128>models " XBD=1798 XHG=1766 YBD=2155 YHG=2129>in " XBD=1918 XHG=1815 YBD=2155 YHG=2128>which " XBD=2121 XHG=1935 YBD=2164 YHG=2129>respiratory " XBD=2328 XHG=2136 YBD=2156 YHG=2128>inoculation " XBD=2382 XHG=2344 YBD=2155 YHG=2127>of " XBD=2426 XHG=2394 YBD=2155 YHG=2127>C." XBD=1485 XHG=1299 YBD=2204 YHG=2169>neoformans " XBD=1580 XHG=1497 YBD=2197 YHG=2170>leads " XBD=1626 XHG=1593 YBD=2198 YHG=2176>to " XBD=1827 XHG=1638 YBD=2205 YHG=2170>meningitis.

Departments of Medicineand Bacteriology,

Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London W120HS J. COHENDivision of Infectious Diseases,Department of Medicine,Duke University Medical Center,Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A

J. R. PERFECTD. T. DURACK

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6. Kwon-Chung KJ. A new genius, Filobasidiella, the perfect stage of Cryptococcusneoformans. Mycologia 1975; 67: 1197-1200.

7 Erke KH. Light microscopy of basidia, basidiospores and nuclei in spores and hyphaeof Filobasidiella neoformans (Cryptococcus neoformans). J Bact 1976; 128: 445-55

8 Staib F. The perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans, onpigeon manure filtrate agar Zb1 Bakt Hgy I Abt Orig A 1981; 248: 575-78.

9 Cohen J, Perfect JR, Durack DT Method for the purification of Filobasidellaneoformans basidiospores by flow cytometry. Sabouraudia (in press).