Evolutions of human

Where do we come from?

Badi MziwamadodaB.SWUNIVERSITY OF FORT HARESOUTH AFRICAsirbadt@gmail.com

What is evolution of human The beginning of human evolution Differences from other species Evolution and adaptation Current species and the future Conclusion

Overview

Human evolution refers to the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of

modern humans.

“Picture of modern human”

What is evolution of human

Evolutionary history of the primates can be traced back 65 million years.

The oldest known primate-like mammal species,

The Plesiadapis, came from North America, but they were widespread in Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene.

Early evolution of primates

H. sapiens (the adjective sapiens is Latin for "wise" or "intelligent") have lived from about 250,000 years ago to the present.

Between 400,000 years ago and the second interglacial period in the Middle Pleistocene, around 250,000 years ago,

the trend in skull expansion and the elaboration of stone tool technologies developed,

providing evidence for a transition from H. erectus to H. sapiens.

The direct evidence suggests there was a migration of H. erectus out of Africa, then a further speciation of H. sapiens from H. erectus in Africa.

A subsequent migration within and out of Africa eventually replaced the earlier dispersed H. erectus

Homo sapiens

Evolution is the development of new life forms by the action of natural selection on

random genetic mutations

“Subsequently” An organism changes biologically in order to

survive successfully

HUMAN EVOLUTION

The beginning of evolution

Homo ergaster(African Homo erectus). Fossil number Khm-Heu 3733 discovered in 1975 in

Kenya.

HUMAN EVOLUTION IS ALL ABOUT ADAPTATION

Human Evolution: the development of new life forms by the action of natural selection on random genetic mutations.

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

SURVIVAL OF THE BEST ADAPTED

Evolution and adaptation

Survival of the best adapted

Geographical area behaviour of

species Fittest and

strongest to stand the test of nature

Darwin’s Finches evidence of adaptation

A number of other changes have also characterized the evolution of humans

Among them an increased importance on vision rather than smell

A smaller gut Loss of body hair Evolution of sweat glands A change in the shape of the dental arcade from being u-

shaped to being parabolic Development of a chin (found in Homo sapiens alone),

development of styloid processes Development of a descended larynx. Increased brain size Type of food

Changes that occurred

Hominin adaptation was becoming bipedal

More difficult to get around in open savannah.

Open country had a greater predator risk Food resources were more widely dispersed Advantages of bipedalism: Free up hands for tool use etc. Allows endurance walking See further Thermoregulation Energy and strength

The use of threes and use of the ground

Evident defferences

Same species with different behaviours and nutrition

Other adaptations: skin, sweating, brain size and complexity, hands, feet, hair, stomach and food processing, face etc.

Species continue to change because they are continuously influenced by external and internal factors.

Human evolution indicative of this constant change and increased complexity

Adaptation means complex species

The use of tools

Acheulean hand-axes from Kent. Homo erectus flint work. The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron and ovate.

"A sharp rock", an Oldowan pebble tool, the most basic of human stone tools

Modern human

Behaviour and nutrition Development of new life forms Today the adaptation is evident from pole to

pole , from equator to deserts Human and life Changes occurred overtime on earth

(Evolution effort)

What are doing to see the future

Conclusion Ancient homo to modern human and behaviour

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