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Where and how did our founding fathers get their ideas for our government?
Direct DemocracyRepublicNatural RightsSeparation of
Powers
Ideas for our government came from:Ancient Greece and
RomeEnglish DocumentsEnlightenment
Philosophers
What do you remember about the government of ancient Greece and Rome?
Athenians created the world’s first direct democracyA form of government in which the
laws are made directly by the citizens
Town meetings held to vote
Colonial Legislatures- from Ancient Rome
509 B.C. Roman RepublicGovernment in which
representatives are elected to make laws
Democracy in Athens and Republic in Rome did not last; monarchs took control
Abused PowerGovernment by the people would
disappear for hundreds of years
What ideas did our founding fathers get from ancient Greece and Rome?
How is a direct democracy different from a republic?
The “Great Charter”
Monarch abused his power
English nobles gained power
Nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta
Listed rights of people that Monarch could not take away
Trial by jury
Due process of law
Protection of life, liberty, and property
Originally intended only for nobles, but would be extended to all over time
Established the principle that the power of the monarch was NOT absolute
What is the Magna Carta?List three rights it gave people.Why is it important to our
government?
The king could not:
Imprison political criticsDeclare martial lawRequire people to shelter troopsTax without consent of parliament
Parliament wanted to prevent royal abuse of power
Listed rights of all Citizens (not just nobles)
It forbid:Taxation without consent of ParliamentA standing army without consent of ParliamentRoyal suspension of laws
It guaranteed:Right to petitionFree speech in ParliamentRight to a fair and speedy trialFreedom from excessive bailNo cruel and unusual punishment
Write two sentences to summarize the English Bill of Rights.
European writers during 1600 and1700s stated people have the power of reason
People can recognize their natural rights- rights we are born with and can’t be taken away
Representative government
Government exists for the people, not people for the government
Purpose of government is to protect natural rights
Rights of life, liberty, and propertyAny govt. who abuses its power
should NOT be obeyed
Separation of Powers – dividing government power between at least two groups to avoid abuse
Our model:Legislative = makes the lawsExecutive = enforces the lawsJudicial = interprets the lawsNo branch could gain too much power
Geneva, 1712-17781762 - The Social ContractPopular Sovereignty, the “General Will”Exchange Personal freedom for Civil freedomIn obeying the law each citizen is thus subject to his or her own will, and
consequently, according to Rousseau, remains free.
.
“Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains”
Explain Locke’s view of government.
Explain Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers.