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(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)(Gilded Age)Pic?Pic?Pic?Pic?

Review Questions

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Picture 4 Questions

Picture 5 Questions

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Picture 9 Questions

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1

� What happens during a boom?

� Industries and businesses grow because…because…

� People buy more

� People invest in industries

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2

� What happens during a bust?

� Businesses shrink/close because

� Spending and investing decrease� Spending and investing decrease

� Industries make fewer goods

� Industries lay off workers

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3

� What were the seven (7) main causes of industrial growth in the US from 1860-1914?

� Plentiful natural resources

� Growing population� Growing population

� Improved transportation

� High immigration

� New inventions

� Investment capital

� Government assistance

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4

� What was a transcontinental railroad?

� A railroad that spanned the entire � A railroad that spanned the entire nation and encouraged people to settle in the West and develop its economy

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5

� Which two (2) immigrant groups built most of the first transcontinental railroad? transcontinental railroad?

� Chinese

� Irish

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6

� How did the transcontinental railroad affect time?

� The railroads created standard � The railroads created standard time

� Divided the US into 4 time zones

� Made it easier to set schedules

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7

� How did the transcontinental railroad link the economies of the East and West? West?

� Brought raw materials like lumber, livestock and grain East

� Took manufactured goods and settlers West

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8

� What is a robber baron? � A business leader who became wealthy

by using dishonest methods such as� Lying� Lying� Bribing officials� Making secret deals� Selling fake stock� Sabotage

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9

� What is a philanthropist?

� A person who gives away a great deal of his/her own money to deal of his/her own money to charity

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10

� What is a corporation?

� A business owned by investors who buy part of the company who buy part of the company through shares of stock

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11

� What is a monopoly?

� A company that wipes out its competitors and controls an competitors and controls an entire industry, including prices

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12

� What is a trust?

� A legal body created to hold stock in many companies, often stock in many companies, often in the same industry

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13

� What were four (4) specific ways John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil gained power? gained power?

� Bought out smaller companies

� Bribery

� Sabotage

� Secret deals

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14

� Which industry did Andrew Carnegie dominate through his corporation and monopoly? corporation and monopoly?

� Steel

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15

� Define the Gilded Age.

� The late 1800s in America when the wealth of a few people the wealth of a few people (robber barons) masked the rest of society’s problems like political corruption and widespread poverty.

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16

� What is the Gospel of Success?

� Anyone can become famous in America by trying hard enough America by trying hard enough (ambition) and not giving up (perseverance)

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17

� Which three (3) types of people rise to the top of society in Social Darwinism? Darwinism?

� Best

� Smartest

� Most hard-working

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18

� What are sweatshops?

� Makeshift factories in dimly lit and poorly ventilated buildings and poorly ventilated buildings where workers (mainly women and children) worked long hours for low wages.

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19

� What are labor unions?

� Groups of workers who join together to negotiate better together to negotiate better working conditions and wages with business owners

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20

� What three (3) methods did the AFL and other labor unions use to obtain their goals? to obtain their goals?

� Strikes

� Boycotts

� Negotiations

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21

� What are four (4) modern benefits labor unions won in the Gilded Age?

� The 8-hour work day� The 8-hour work day

� Workers’ compensation

� Pensions (retirement account)

� Paid vacation

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22

� Why was urbanization necessary during the Gilded Age?

� Immigrants and ex-farmers were � Immigrants and ex-farmers were moving to the cities to take industrial jobs in factories

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23

� What three (3) inventions helped urbanization during the Gilded Age?Age?

� Steel (Bessemer steel process)

� Elevators (electricity)

� Streetcars (electricity)

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24

� What is a tenement?

� A run-down and overcrowded apartment houseapartment house

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25

� What is a slum?

� A neighborhood of overcrowded and dangerous tenements and dangerous tenements

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26

� What were the two (2) goals of the social gospel movement?

� Improve the lives of the poor � Improve the lives of the poor

� Abolish child labor

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27

� What three (3) services did settlement houses offer the poor?

� Daycare� Daycare

� Education

� Healthcare

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28

� What were political machines?

� An organization that controls local government by trading local government by trading food, jobs, bribes, and favors for votes

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29

� What were five (5) push factors that made immigrants leave their homelands?

� Population growth� Population growth

� Agricultural changes

� Crop failures

� The Industrial Revolution

� Religious/political turmoil

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30

� What were three (3) pull factors that lured immigrants to the US?

� Freedom� Freedom

� Economic opportunity

� Abundant land

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31

� Which regions of Europe did “new immigrants” immigrate from? from?

� Southern and Eastern

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32

� How did many immigrants get to Ellis Island?

� Steerage class on ships after � Steerage class on ships after selling most of their possessions for a ticket

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33

� What two (2) things did immigrants learn from employers or labor unions in order to assimilate? in order to assimilate?

� English

� How to be an American citizen

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34

� What were two (2) fears Americans had about immigrants?

� Immigrants would take American jobs� Immigrants would take American jobs

� Immigrants would be controlled by political machines

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35

� Why did some native-born Americans dislike immigrant workers? workers?

� Immigrant workers would take jobs for lower wages in worse conditions than American workers

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36

� What were four (4) reasons immigrants supported political machines?

� The politicians

� Came from their home country

� Spoke their native language

� Made the immigrants feel comfortable

� Helped immigrants get a job

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37

� What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do?

� Banned Chinese immigration for � Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years

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38

� Which immigrants were treated the worst?

� Nonwhites� Nonwhites

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39

Worse

� Bust

� Monopolies

� Political Machines

� Robber barons

Analyze and explain how industrialization affected American life during the Gilded Age.

(Explain how specific things made life better or worse for Americans during the industrial Gilded Age.)

Better

� Boom

� Electricity

� Immigrants

� Labor unions � Robber barons

� Slums

� sweatshops

� Tenements

� Trusts

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� Labor unions

� Philanthropists

� Settlement houses

� Steel

� Strikes

� Telephones

� Transcontinental RR

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� Helped

� Brought parts of their culture to create the American melting pot

� took dangerous jobs

� Hurt

� Chinese Exclusion Act

� political machines

Analyze and explain how new immigrants affected America.

(Explain specific ways new immigrants changed, helped, or hurt America.)

� took dangerous jobs for low pay

� lived together in neighborhoods like Chinatown or Little Italy

� Urbanization – cities got bigger

� settlement houses

� political machines

� Racism from native-born Americans

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