What You’ll Learn1. Organisms are living things.

3. There are two main types of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Day 1

2. All organisms are made of one or more cells.

So, what is a cell?

• A cell is the basic unit and structure of life.

• They make up all living things.

Cells

• Perform the activities that keep a living thing alive.

• The cell itself is a living thing.

• Cells can make more cells like themselves.

Cells come in all shapes and sizes.

Cells are very tiny.

What type of lab equipment would allow you to see these things?

1 2 3 4

5A special type of microscope called a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Can you guess what these images are?

Cells are

microscopi

c

So, how were cells discovered?

The History of the Cell Theory The History of the Cell Theory

What invention was most important in disproving this idea?

Microscopes! They allow you to see cells that were once unknown!

Scientists now know what causes disease. Do you?

Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists.

Long ago people thought that diseases were caused by spirits and curses!

The Scientists The Scientists

1.Anton van Leeuwenhoek –

a)1st person to record looking at water under a simple microscope

b)1st to look at livingliving cells

c) Invented over 200 microscopes during the 1700’s

Anton von LeewenhoekAnton von Leewenhoek

Leeuwenhoek’s microscope

Anton von Leewenhoek Described algae like

this Spirogyra in his journals.

The Scientists The Scientists

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.

Invented 1st compound microscope in 1665.

The compound microscope had very crude lenses that

magnified objectsLooked at corkcork and

called these “cells”“cells”

2. Robert Hooke

Robert HookeRobert Hooke

Hooke’s microscope

Robert Hooke

Hooke’s drawing of cork cells

The cell theory is made up of three main ideas:

All cells come from preexisting cells.

The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms.

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

C. The Cell Theory

Let’s take notes.

• Divide a piece of paper in your journal into two columns.

• Label one side Prokaryotic Cells and the other Eukaryotic Cells.

• Draw a diagram or paste a diagram of each cell into the proper column on the page.

• Add key facts

Prokaryotic Cell Diagram

No Nuc

leus

Cells that do not contain internal membrane-bound structures are called prokaryotic cells.

Two Basic Cell TypesTwo Basic Cell Types

Click here

A. PROKARYOTICA. PROKARYOTIC1. Unicellular (1 cell)2. Do not have a true nucleus only a circular piece

of DNA3. Do not have organelles (have ribosomes)4. Have a cell wall some surrounded by a slimy

capsule5. Usually move using method of locomotion

requiring flagella or cilia6. Size = 0.1 μm - 10 μm7. Found only in the kingdoms Eubacteria and

Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic Cell Diagram

Nucleus

Cells containing membrane-bound structures are called eukaryotic cells.

Two Basic Cell TypesTwo Basic Cell Types

Click here

B. EUKARYOTICB. EUKARYOTIC1. “Eu-” means true - Have a true

nucleus that contains long strands of DNA

2. Can be unicellular or multicellular

3. Have double membrane-bound organellesorganelles.

4. Found in more complexmore complex and larger organisms

5. Size = 10 m - 100 m 6. Found in the kingdoms Protist,

Fungi, Plant, & Animal

Day 2

Objectives:

• Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

• Identify cell parts common to eukaryotic cells.

There are TWO types of cells!

1. Read the handout on cell types.

2. What are the two main types of cells?

3. Use the Venn diagram to compare/contrast the two cell.

READING IS FUNDAMENTAL!!

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Plant and animal

Unicellular or multicellularunicellular

nuclues

Complex, organelles are present

Bacteria

No nuclues

simple

cells

Cell Parts

All cells have certain parts.

cytoplasmGenetic material

membrane

Let’s take notes!

• Your teacher will provide you with a model of a cell to place in your journal.

• Let’s label the common parts to eukaryotic cells-plant and animal.

The membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells

Each has a specific function that contributes to cell survival.

Parts of a Cell Parts of a Cell

Organelles

Separation of organelles into distinct compartments benefits the eukaryotic cells.

The nucleus is the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions.

88

This eukaryotic cell from an animal has distinct membrane-bound organelles that allow different parts of the cell to perform different functions.

4. Cell membrane

1. Nucleus

2. Nucleolus

3. Chromosomes

5. Organelles

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Mitochondrion

Vacuole

Animal Cell Organelles

1. Cell membrane

Function

– controls what enters/leaves the cell - selectively permeable membrane

– maintains homeostasis (stability)

Cellular Boundaries

The cell wall of plants

2. cell wall

Structure • fairly rigid structure

• located outside the cell membrane

Function

• provides additional support and protection.

B. Nucleus and cell control

Located near the center of the cell

Home of the chromosomes, genetic material

Control center, directs cell activity

Vacuoles and storage Vacuoles

Structure - membrane-bound sacs

Notice any differences between vacuoles in plant and animal cells?

Function

used for temporary storage of materials like water and carbohydrates.

Vacuole

AnimalCell

PlantCell

Chloroplasts and energy (plant cell organelle)StructureOuter membrane with stacks of membranes filled with chlorophyll, the green pigment that gives leaves and stems their colorFunction Conducts photosynthesis:

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

capture light energy and converts it into food to store for a later time.

Mitochondria and energy Structure Outer membrane with highly folded inner membraneFound in both plant and animal cells Function Conducts cellular respiration:C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP

transforms the stored energy in food (glucose) into energy for the cell (ATP).

A prokaryotic cell does not have internal organelles surrounded by a membrane. Most of a prokaryote’s metabolism takes place in the cytoplasm.

1. Ribosomes

2. DNA 3. Plasma membrane

4. Cell wall

Let’s Quiz

Life science is awesome

Question 1 What makes this cell eukaryotic?

A. Because it has a cell wall.

B. Because it contains DNA.

C. Because it has membrane-bound organelles.

D. Because it does not have DNA.

QUIZ

Plasma membrane

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Chromosomes

Organelles

Question 1 The Answer is C. Eukaryotic cells contain

membrane-bound organelles that have specific functions in the cell; prokaryotic cells do not.

What is the primary function of the cell wall?

Question 2

D. acquire nutrients from environment

C. control activity of organelles

B. provide support

A. act as selectively permeable membrane

QUIZ

The answer is B. It provides support.

What is the function of structure C?A It produces ribosomes.B It synthesizes proteins.C It regulates the transport

of materials. D It controls the energy

released in respiration

Question 3

The correct answer is D. The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It transforms energy into a useable form for the cells.

Question 3

Which structure controls what enters and exits the cell?A cell membrane

B cell wall

C chloraplasts

D mitochondria

Question 4

The answer is A. The cell membrane keeps unwanted substances on the outside of the cell, while holding needed materials such as water inside.

Question 4

Question 5

DNA

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

What type of cell is this?

Ribosomes

A prokaryoytic

B eukaryotic

C animal

D plant

The answer is A. The cell does not have a nuclueas or membrane bound organelles.

Question 5

Cells have organelles that work to help the cell function.

1. Read pages 175-176 in Gateways text book. 2. What cell parts are found in plants but not animals?3. Are animal cells and plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?

Explain.4. What are some structural differences between animal cells and

plant cells?5. Where can the genetic material be found?

READING IS FUNDAMENTAL!!

• The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of organization, all organisms are made up of one or more cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Main Ideas

• Microscopes enabled biologists to see cells and develop the cell theory.

Summary

• Cells are classified as prokaryotic and eukaryotic based on whether or not they have a nucleus.

Main Ideas Continued

• Using electron microscopes, scientists can study cell structure in detail.

Main Ideas Continued

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles, are enclosed by a cellmembrane, and some have a cell wall that provides support and protection.

Main Ideas Continued

• Mitochondria break down food molecules to release energy. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy.

Question 1Which of the following is a main idea of the cell theory?

D. All cells come from preexisting cells.

C. All cells come from two parent cells.

B. The organelle is the basic unit structure and organization of organisms.

A. All organisms are composed of one cell.

The answer is D. The cell theory states that a cell divides to form two identical cells.

Question 2

In what type of cell would you find chlorophyll?

D. fungus

C. plant

B. animal

A. prokaryote

The answer is C. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 3Which of these structures is the control center of the cell?

A. B.

C. D.

Answer A depicts the nuclues.

Question 4What is the difference between the cell wall and the cell membrane?

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Inside cell

Outside cell

The cell membrane is a flexible boundary between the cell and its environment that controls the supply of nutrients, waste, and other products entering and leaving the cell. The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection but does not select which molecules can enter or leave the cell.

Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Inside cell

Outside cell

Question 5 Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal

cells?

D. thylakoid membrane

C. mitochondrion

B. cell wall

A. chloroplast

The answer is C. Mitochondria are the organelles in both plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell.