What You SHOULD KNOW by NOWThe document that declares to the world our The document that declares to the world our

independence from England is called theindependence from England is called the1.___________ __ ____________What year? 1.___________ __ ____________What year? 2._____2._____

Who wrote it? 3. ____________Who wrote it? 3. ____________

Define BIAS? 4. ____________________________Define BIAS? 4. ____________________________

Supreme Law of the Land? 5. _____________Supreme Law of the Land? 5. _____________

What year? 6. ______What year? 6. ______

Who wrote it? 7. ______________Who wrote it? 7. ______________

First Secretary of TREASURYFirst Secretary of TREASURY

Proposed theProposed the federal assumption of federal assumption of state debtsstate debts, , the the establishment of a establishment of a national banknational bank, and the , and the federal federal stimulation of industrystimulation of industry through through EXCISE EXCISE taxtax and and tariffstariffs

Opponents, including Jefferson, saw Opponents, including Jefferson, saw programs as aiding a small, elite group at programs as aiding a small, elite group at the expense of the average citizenthe expense of the average citizen

Died from wounds sustained in a pistol duel Died from wounds sustained in a pistol duel with Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s Vice Presidentwith Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s Vice President

Lasted from 1865 – 1877, from the end of Lasted from 1865 – 1877, from the end of the Civil War until the Union Army’s the Civil War until the Union Army’s

withdrawal from the South. It involved many withdrawal from the South. It involved many factors; factors; readmitting Southern states to readmitting Southern states to

the union, rebuilding a decimated the union, rebuilding a decimated south, & integrating freed slaves into south, & integrating freed slaves into

societysociety..It spurred economic development, the high It spurred economic development, the high

tax rates and corruption that accompanied it, tax rates and corruption that accompanied it, inspired widespread opposition in the South. inspired widespread opposition in the South.

When the Union Army left, the When the Union Army left, the South South largely returned to its pre-largely returned to its pre-RECONSTRUCTION state.RECONSTRUCTION state.

The federal government The federal government guaranteed 160 acres of land in guaranteed 160 acres of land in the WEST to any settler who would homestead itthe WEST to any settler who would homestead it. . Homesteading meant cultivating the land, building a home, Homesteading meant cultivating the land, building a home,

and and inhabiting it for at least five years.inhabiting it for at least five years.

The government was eager to develop agriculture in the West. The government was eager to develop agriculture in the West.

Unfortunately much of the available land already had people Unfortunately much of the available land already had people living on it ---living on it ---the NATIVE AMERICANS.the NATIVE AMERICANS.

Completed with GOLDEN SPIKE at Promontory Completed with GOLDEN SPIKE at Promontory Point, UTAHPoint, UTAH

Marked the meeting of the Marked the meeting of the UNION PACIFICUNION PACIFIC & the & the CENTRAL PACIFICCENTRAL PACIFIC railroads railroads

During construction, the Union Pacific used During construction, the Union Pacific used IRISH laborIRISH labor, while , while the CENTRAL PACIFIC used the CENTRAL PACIFIC used CHINESECHINESE labor labor

The connection of the railroads The connection of the railroads opened national marketsopened national markets and met and met growing economic needsgrowing economic needs

Legislation encouraging the breakup of Native American breakup of Native American tribestribes in hopes of ASSIMILATING ASSIMILATING them into American society

Distributed Native American reservation landsDistributed Native American reservation lands among individual members of the tribe to form a system of agriculture (farming)(farming) more similar to the white man’s

Gave each head of a Native American family 160 acres of head of a Native American family 160 acres of farmlandfarmland or 320 acres of grazing land

Effect was to nearly destroy the reservation systemEffect was to nearly destroy the reservation system, as the remaining tribal lands were opened up for whites remaining tribal lands were opened up for whites ….. Reversed in 1934.….. Reversed in 1934.

Started by Wovoka (A Paiute Indian) in 1889, the GHOST DANCE MOVEMENT was based around a dance ritual that enabled participants to envision a better future, one in which NATIVE AMERICANS regained their control of North America.

Sioux Ghost Dancers believed in medicine man-blessed “ghost shirts” that could stop bullets; this belief contributed a rise in Sioux militancy and, ultimately to the 1890 massacre at WOUNDED KNEE.

SIOUX natives wished to practice a dance (GHOST DANCE) that they believed would free their lands, rid them of whites, & lead to prosperity; this frightened white settlers

The Federal army believed Chief Sitting Bull was planning a rebellion’ acting on the settlers’ fear and their suspicions, the army captured the chief

In a sudden exchange of gunfire between the tribe and the army, Chief Sitting Bull and others were killed; the remainder of the tribe fled to a camp near Wounded Knee Creek

When the army reached this camp, a shot was fired, and in reaction, the army killed two hundred men, women, & children in what is considered the last battlelast battle of the INDIAN WARSINDIAN WARS