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Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 1
What role does High Voltage Direct Current play and what HVDC backbones or supergrids does Europe need?
Gianluca Fulli
European CommissionJoint Research CentreInstitute for Energy
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 2
• The European transmission grid
• HVDC features and challenges
• Developments of offshore/Mediterranean grids
• A vision for a European super grid
• Conclusions
Outline
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 3
Distribution (smart)
Transmission (super-smarter)
Power system evolution
TRANSMISSION(EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE GRID)
HIGH-MEDIUM VOLTAGEDISTRIBUTION
LOW VOLTAGEDISTRIBUTION
GENERATION SYSTEM
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
UTILISATION SYSTEM
SUBTRANSMISSION(HIGH VOLTAGE GRID)
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 4
• Power grids traditionally based on HVAC – High Voltage
Alternating Current technologies
• HVDC already used
– to link systems with different frequencies (asynchronous) and
– for very long lines and underground/submarine cables
• New HVDC concepts add on flexibility, responsiveness and
controllability over traditional HVDC
– also for multi-terminal applications needed for offshore wind
HVDC – recent trends
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 5
The breakdown distance depends on link length, voltage and power rating
HVDC vs. HVAC
HVAC
HVDC
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 6
• Investment costs for HVDC may be sizeable
• HVDC displacing HVAC can reduce environmental/visual impact
• HVDC can act as a ‘firewall’ immunising the AC grid from wide
area problems/disruptions
• Open questions for research & demonstration:
– Meshed (i.e. multiterminal) HVDC lines
– Interoperability of HVDC into AC grids
– HVDC superconductors
HVDC features and challenges
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 7
From present European transmission grid to...
(Source: ENTSO-E)
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 8
2030 vision of EWEA (Wind association)
Mid-long term vision of ENTSOE
HVDC for offshore grids
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 9
Crucial challenge for DC meshed grids: DC breaker and new technology developments
(Source: OffshoreGrid project)
Grid developments: North Sea
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 10
Mediterranean ring
(Source: Medring update study)
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 11
Technical, economic and political issues for this long-term project
(Source: Desertec)
DESERTEC
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 12
Long-term combination of offshore (HVDC/HVAC) grids, enlarged HVAC continental network, DESERTEC and MedRing as parts of the European transmission grid
European Super Grid vision
(Source: ENTSO-E)
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 13
• HVDC favourite option for long-distance power transmission and
for connection of offshore large-sized renewable plants
• Significant investment and technological demonstration needed
for reinforced transmission highways leading to a super grid
• Coordination of HVDC planning and operation necessary, as well
as an appropriate legislative and regulatory framework
Conclusions
Torino, 6 July 2010 – ESOF2010 14
What role does High Voltage Direct Current play and what HVDC backbones or supergrids doesEurope need?
European CommissionJoint Research CentreInstitute for Energy
