Dr. S. A. HussainDr. S. A. Hussain

What is your aim: What is your aim: Doctor! Engineer! . Doctor! Engineer! . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Email: sa_h153@hotmail.comEmail: sa_h153@hotmail.com

Homepage: Homepage: httphttp://://www.sahussaintu.wordpress.comwww.sahussaintu.wordpress.comDepartment of PhysicsDepartment of Physics

Tripura University, IndiaTripura University, India

Dr. S. A. HussainDr. S. A. Hussain

(According to AICTE report)

�India produced4.02 lac Engineer in 2003-04.5.8 lac Engineers in 2007-08.

�USAproduces 70 thousand Engineers per year�USAproduces 70 thousand Engineers per year

�Europe produces 1 lac Engineers per year

0.05% of Indian population joins Engineering courses.0.002% of American population joins Engineering courses.

Number of unemployed Engineers in India: 2 lac

A recent survey (by McKinscy Global Institute) on the“Emerging global labour market” reveal that:

Only 25% of the total Engineers produced by Indiaare employable by multinationals.

Quality of Indian Engineersare questionabledue to:Quality of Indian Engineersare questionabledue to:

i) Lack of trained Faculty members in respectiveInstitutes.

i) The dismal spending on Research andDevelopment inHigher Education in India.

Research and Developments in

Science & TechnologyScience & Technology

Medicine & Chemical

Electronic cct. design

Research & developments in ScienceResearch & developments in Science

Earth Science, Geo Science

Medicine & Pharmaceutical

Biotechnology &Microbiology

Chemical synthesis

Astronomy , Cosmology & Space Science

Nuclear ScienceMaterial Science

Thin FilmsWe work on

(Under the branch of Material Science)

What is Thin Films?

Is it a camera film? No X

Colour in walls Coatings on car windowCoating on Iron rod

The Thin Films which are used inElectronic Industry are of nano- tomicro meter size.

Special techniques are required toprepare suchfilms.

Importance of Thin Film TechnologyImportance of Thin Film Technology

NanoNano-- to micrometer thick molecular films to micrometer thick molecular films are found to be very promising in many are found to be very promising in many practicalpractical and and commercial applicationscommercial applications

SensorsSensors

DisplaysDisplays

Electronic circuit Electronic circuit componentscomponents

DetectorsDetectors

Etc.Etc.

mµ

Head of a Pin1-2 mm

Ant , 5 mm

Human hair60-120 mµ

Red blood cell

Micro Electro Mechanical Devices

10-100 widemµ

mµ

Red blood cell2-5

ATP 10 nm diameter

DNA2-12 nm diameter

Atom of Si Spacing 0.1 nm

Nanotube electrode

Carbon nanotube1.3 nm diameter

Fullerene1 nm

diameter

48 iron atom on Cu surface positioned one ata time with a STM tip, diameter 14 nm.

mµ

Solid stateelectronics

Vacuum electronics

Microelectronics (LSI)

VLSI10-6

10-4

10-2

100

Min

imu

m f

eatu

re s

ize

(m)

Diode

IC

1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Molecular electronics10-10

10-8Min

imu

m f

eatu

re s

ize

(m)

Year

�Electronic device size

Vacuum diode

Vacuum triodemm to meter order

Transistors

micro- to mm order

Organic LED Organic LED fabrication fabrication

BioBio-- & optical & optical sensorsensor

Electro optical Electro optical

Electro Electro -- & & photochemical photochemical

devicesdevices

NLO effectsNLO effects

Single molecule Single molecule memory chip memory chip

The possible applicationsThe possible applications

Novel material for Novel material for solar energy solar energy conversionconversion

Electro optical Electro optical effects effects

Possible structures Possible structures for ICs.for ICs.

NLO effectsNLO effects

Switching networks Switching networks using multilayer using multilayer

LBLB--film chipsfilm chips

Optical switching & Optical switching & signal processingsignal processing

Various Various Templates to Templates to

Mimic Mimic BiomineralizationBiomineralization

Spincoating

An organic thin film can be deposited on a suitable An organic thin film can be deposited on a suitable

solid substrate by various techniques solid substrate by various techniques

Techniques of Film DepositionTechniques of Film Deposition

Thermal evaporation

Sputtering

Electro deposition

Adsorption from solution

Self-assembly

LB techniqueThe most promising towards preparing

such thin films

Lithography

�Langmuir -Blodgett (LB) Film

deposition Techniquedeposition Technique

LB film depositionLB film deposition

waterwater

waterwaterMonolayer after

compression

Deposition(1st layer)

waterwater

Deposition scheme during up & down stroke

waterwaterDeposition(2nd layer)

waterwater

waterwater

up stroke

down stroke

� LB Films on solid substrate

SubstrateTwo layers of different molecules

7

6

5

43

One type

Another type

Substrate

SubstrateSubstrate

Seven layers of same molecules

Three layers of same molecules

One layer LB film

3

2

1

3

2

1

1-2 nm

Imaging these nanodimensional thin films:

� Optical microscope cannot visualize the dimension < 4λ

� Wavelength of visible light: 400 – 700 nm (approx)

� Therefore, minimum dimension can be visualized with optical microscope = 400/4 = 100 nm.

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

� Few images taken by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

InGaN, Thickness 8.2 nm Carbon nanotube (CNT) CNTs on electrode

Array of 48 iron atomHuman hair InP (semiconductor film)

Applications of Langmuir-Blodgett Films:Integrated Circuits (IC):

Use of thin films in IC

Compact Disk (CD):

CD Image DVD Image

Diode

Substrate

Substrate

P-Type materialN-Type material

It is possible to accomm

odate 10,000 such m

olecular diodes w

ith in 1 mm

Substrate

Substrate

Thin film diode(molecular)

5 nm

It is possible to accomm

odate 10,000 such m

olecular diodes

MOSFET

Thickness 10-50 nm

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

LED structure using thin films

SensorsSugar sensor, urea sensor, alcohol sensor, gas sensor etc

Sugar sensorInfra Red sensor

Thin Film Transistor (TFT)

TFT monitorN-type P-type N-type

5-10 nm

substrate

substrate

The challenge:

Fabrication and combination of nano scale building blocks to make useful devices, eg., useful devices, eg., Photosynthetic Reaction Centre with controlled semiconductor storage, writing etc.

Awards / Honours

• Visiting Fellow of K. U. Leuven, Belgium (2007-08)

• Jagadish Chandra Basu award 2008-09 by Govt. of Tripura.

• Young Scientist Research Award (2009-10), Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India.

• First Track research grant for Young Scientist (2009-10), DST, Govt. of India.

LB film deposition instrument. Fluorescence Imaging Microscope Dip coating unit

Spin Coating unit. Absorption Spectrophotometer FTIR Spectrophotometer

Fluorescence

spectrophotometer

Water purification

system

Total Cost = 1 crore(approx)

What you want to be-

Now you will be a vendor / salesman or a Scientist it is up to you.

For joining research one has to go for higher education in Physics/Chemistry/biology/Engineering/Microbiology etc.

Thank youThank youThank youThank you