VERBAL PHRASES:PARTICIPLE PHRASES

PARTICIPLE: A FORM OF A VERB, ACTING AS AN ADJECTIVE

VERBAL PHRASES

• WHEN A VERB FUNCTIONS AS ANOTHER PART OF SPEECH SUCH AS A NOUN, ADJECTIVE, OR ADVERB, IT IS CALLED A VERBAL.

TYPES OF PARTICIPLES: PRESENT AND PAST

• PRESENT PARTICIPLES USUALLY END IN –ING.

• EX: FRIGHTENING OR ACHING

• PAST PARTICIPLES USUALLY END IN –ED –EN,-T.

• EX: ANNOYED OR CONFUSED

• EX: FALLEN OR BURNT

The frightening clown

scared the kids.

What is this word’s

function in the sentence?

Annoyed, the teacher

Sighed at her class.

What is this word’s

function in the sentence?

PARTICIPLES ACT AS ADJECTIVES

• GRINNING, RALPH DESCRIBED THAT THE ISLAND WAS GOOD.

• RALPH COULD HEAR A TINY CHATTERING NOISE.

• DESERTED, THE MOUNTAIN WAS EMPTY SAVE FOR TWO ABANDON STICKS AND THE THING THAT BOWED.

• FRIGHTENED, SAMNERIC DESCRIBED THAT BEAST.

PARTICIPIAL PHRASES

• A PARTICIPLE CAN BE EXPANDED INTO A PHRASE BY ADDING MODIFIERS AND COMPLEMENTS.• TRAVELING, THE GROUP ARRIVED ON TIME.

• TRAVELING QUICKLY, WE ARRIVED ON TIME.

• TRAVELING AT BREAKNECK SPEED, THE CAR ARRIVED ON TIME.

• IN THIS CASE, THE ENTIRE PARTICIPIAL PHRASE ACTS AS AN ADJECTIVE.

COMBING SENTENCES USING PARTICIPLES

TWO SENTENCES• WE WERE TROUBLED BY THE LACK

OF NEWS.

• WE CHECKED OUR PHONES AGAIN.

• THE TREE HAD FALLEN.

• IT MADE A GOOD PLACE FOR A SEAT.

COMBINED• TROUBLED BY THE LACK OF

NEWS, WE CHECKED OUR PHONES AGAIN.

VERBAL PHRASES:GERUND PHRASES

GERUND: A FORM OF A VERB THAT ACTS AS A NOUN

GERUNDS – END IN -ING

• -ING VERBS THAT FUNCTION AS NOUNS IN A SENTENCE.

Functions of Nouns (Gerunds)

Subject of a sentence Reading is my favorite pastime.

Direct Object I gave my friend a painting.

Indirect Object I will give horseback riding a try.

Predicate Nominative (Noun) Her favorite sport is swimming.

Object of a Preposition The students are good at writing.

Appositive Her profession, teaching, is stressful

VERBALS: VERB, PARTICIPLE OR GERUND?

THE LITTLE GIRL IS COLORING IN HER ROOM.

THE COLORING BOOK IS HER FAVORITE POSSESSION.

COLORING IS HER FAVORITE THING TO DO.

Action

Describing

Subject

GERUND PHRASES: GERUNDS WITH MODIFIERS

THESE PHRASES ACT TOGETHER AS NOUNS.

• THE DOG’S CONSTANT BARKING WOKE THE BABY.

• RUNNING CONSISTENTLY MAKES FOR BETTER EXERCISE.

• SLEEPING ON THE JOB IS FROWNED UPON.

• THE WOMAN TRIED DANCING THE SALSA.

VERBAL PHRASES:INFINITIVE PHRASES

• INFINITIVES CAN ACT AS NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, OR ADVERBS

• GENERALLY APPEARS WITH THE WORD TO IN FRONT OF IT.

INFINITIVES AS NOUNS

Infinitives used as nouns

Subject To pass, you must study and complete homework.

Direct Object The friends decided to eat.

Predicate Nominative (Noun) The prisoner’s only option was to surrender.

Object of the Preposition When I woke up, the bus was about to leave.

Appositive You only have one choice, to go.

INFINITIVES CAN ALSO ACT AS ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

• THE WITNESS SHOWED A WILLINGNESS TO TESTIFY.

• THE INJURED GIRL WAS NOT ABLE TO RUN.

WHAT ARE THESE INF. PHRASES DOING IN THESE EXAMPLES?

What is the infinitive

modifying?