In the following passage from King Lear (Act I, scene ii), Edmund openly expresses his feelings toward his father, his brother, and his situation. Read the passage carefully, and then write a well-organized essay in which you analyze Edmund’s character and evaluate his sentiments with regard to notions of natural family relations and the problem of legitimacy versus illegitimacy.

What is this prompt asking?

The Fool in Shakespeare’s King Lear functions as a character who appears to ramble nonsensical commentary but, in fact, sees and speaks truth. He displays a great sense of wisdom, although he speaks in riddles to his master, the former king. Read the following passage from Act III, scene ii, carefully and write a well-organized essay in which you analyze how the Fool uses irony in order to speak the truth while considering the images the Fool employs to express his wisdom and his concerns about the state of affairs in the kingdom.

The following speech comes from Shakespeare’s King Lear, Act IV, scene vi. In a state of anger and confusion, Lear is desperately trying to deal with his disillusionment over the neglect and disrespect he has experienced at the hands of his daughters Regan and Goneril. Upon meeting Gloucester in Dover, Lear is able to recognize that Gloucester, too, has experienced a similar fate because of his contentious sons. Carefully study the following passage and write a well-organized essay in which you analyze how Lear’s commentary extends into a tirade on the insufficiencies and dangers of women.

What are these prompts asking?

THE FOOL1. Discuss how IRONY reveals

TRUTH

2. IMAGES express WISDOM and CONCERNS for the kingdom

KING LEAR1. Discuss Lear’s Commentary

(what is he SAYING?)

2. Connect to how he extends to the INSUFFICIENCIES and DANGERS of women?

Both prompts expect a connection to THEME

Should I talk about Literary Devices?

D Diction (specific word choice, connotations)

I Imagery (descriptions that appeal to the senses)

D Details

L Figurative Language (similes, metaphors, personification, allusions, etc.)

S Syntax (patterns in sentence structure)

INEFFECTIVE: EFFECTIVE:

Shakespeare uses imagery to…

Shakespeare uses irony to…

The use of rhetorical questions serves to…

…which is a metaphor

Edmund metaphorically compares societal customs to a plague in order to show his great distain for a culture that labels him insufficient.

Edmund describes his conception as taking place“in the lusty stealth of nature,” which gives him a“fierce quality” (11-12); by contrast, his brother was conceived in “a dull, stale, tired bed” (14). The contrasting imagery suggests that Edmund is filled with the same passion and fire that hisparents felt when they conceived him while his brother is as boring and dull as his parent’s marriage bed.

Methods Meaning

Diction, Imagery, Details,

Figurative Language, Syntax

ToneThemeEffect

Purpose

Introduction (Hook-Bridge-Thesis)

Body Paragraphs•Topic Sentence (subtopic related to thesis)•CHUNKS = Context + Textual Evidence + Commentary Textual evidence should be effectively embedded Commentary should be meaningful (ratio of 2:1) Should have more than one chunk

•Summary Sentence (connect to thesis, transition)

Conclusion (connect to THEME)

Idea or Subtopic•Nuances in the monologue•Key points/ideas worth analyzing

Chronological•Beginning-Middle-End of monologue

INEFFECTIVE ORG. BY DEVICE This prompt (nor any literary analysis prompt) does

not warrant a focus on DEVICE

Skills for Embedding Text:

Paraphrasing: Put the context in your own words.

After George kills Lennie, Slim tells him he did the right thing (Steinbeck 106-07).

Skills for Embedding Text:

Paraphrasing with Text Evidence: You can include both paraphrase and quotations together for more effective embedding.

After George kills Lennie, Slim comes “directly to George” and says, “‘A guy’s got to sometimes’” as they leave the river’s edge, suggesting that Slim thinks George did the right thing (Steinbeck 107).

Skills for Embedding Text:

Brackets: Alter a quote for clarity by placing the change in brackets.

Original: George said, “That mouse ain’t fresh, Lennie; and besides, you’ve broken it pettin’ it” (Steinbeck 39).

With Brackets: Steinbeck foreshadows Lennie’s troubles early in the novel when Lennie has “broken [the mouse] pettin’ it” (Steinbeck 39).

Skills for Embedding Text:

Ellipsis: Omit unnecessary detail in order to be concise by using three periods (called an ellipsis). You do not need ellipsis at the beginning and end of your quotations.

Original: “Curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggling hand had become weak. He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw” (Steinbeck 68).

With Ellipsis: As Lennie continued to crush Curley’s fist, he turned “white and shrunken…his fist lost in Lennie’s paw” (Steinbeck 68).

Skills for Embedding Text:

INEFFECTIVE: Overusing quotations (two quotes in a row).

Example: Lennie’s strength overpowered Curley. “The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand.” “Curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggle had become weak. He stood crying, his fist lost in Lenny’s paw” (Steinbeck 68).

Revised: Lennie’s strength so overpowered Curley that Curley looked “like a fish on a line” with his “fist lost in Lennie’s paw” (Steinbeck 68).

Skills for Embedding Text:

INEFFECTIVE: Identifying a speaker without context.

Example: Macbeth desperately asks, “Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hands?” (II.ii.59-60).

Revised: After the murder of the king, as Macbeth experiences the initial pangs of guilt, he desperately asks if “all great Neptune’s ocean” could “wash this blood clean from [his] hands” (II.ii.59-60).

Skills for Embedding Text:

INEFFECTIVE: Disconnected context and text evidence.

Example: When Paul is leaving the bedside of his dying friend, he is unusually aware of his surroundings. This is shown in the quote, “the earth is streaming with forces which pour into me through the soles of my feet” (Remarque 33).

Revised: Because his emotions are swirling as a result of leaving the bedside of his dying friend, Paul experiences “the earth streaming with forces which pour into [him] through the soles of his feet” (Remarque 33).

Skills for Embedding Text:

INEFFECTIVE: Placing the quote before the context.

Example: “Ferocious beasts of the forest who lie in wait for their prey” shows how Frederick Douglass thinks the people are cruel and animal-like.

Revised: Because Frederick Douglass metaphorically compares white men to “ferocious beasts of the forest who lie in wait for their prey,” he substantiates his feeling of paranoia as he escaped slavery and attempted to blend in to society (Douglass 23).

Skills for Embedding Text:

INEFFECTIVE: Empty or meaningless analysis.

Example: The quotation “Some things about living still weren’t quite right, though. April, for instance, still drove people crazy by not being springtime” supports this idea.

Revised: The implication of “April…not being springtime” supports Vonnegut’s assertion that trying to control and equalize humanity would cause disarray not only among mankind, but also in the vast realms of nature itself (Vonnegut 72).

Help Desk•Theme Vocabulary (p. 27)•Verbs (p. 28-29)•Adjectives (p. 31-33)•Nouns (p. 33)

Grammar and Revision Guide•Words to avoid in college-level writing (p. 8)

Extra Credit (look for my Remind this evening).

Act IV Adaptations (performances Wed).

IR Novel Annotation check #2—Next Friday.