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What is the water cycle?

What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

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Page 1: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

What is the water

cycle?

Page 2: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Continuous movement of

water from the atmosphere

to the earth’s surface and

back to the atmosphere

again.

Page 3: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Transpiration -

plants giving off

water vapor

Evaporation – liquid

water changing into

water vapor

Page 4: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Condensation: water vapor (gas) changes into

liquid water.

Precipitation: water falls from clouds to the

ground.

Page 5: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 6: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

The underground water that

fills almost all the pores in

rock and sediment.

Makes up 90% of the

earth’s unfrozen freshwater

supply.

Page 7: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Aquifer: a body of rock sediment in

which large amounts of water can flow

and be stored.

Page 8: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Porosity: percentage of open spaces in rock.

Permeability: how easily water flows through

open spaces. (can water pass through or

not?)

Page 9: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 10: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Zone of Saturation: the layer of ground where all the pores are filled with water.◦ The upper surface of the

zone of saturation is called the water table.

Page 11: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Russia

Page 12: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Beginning of a river

Usually found in the mountains.

Runoff from mountains flows to lowest point.

Page 13: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Smaller rivers that feed into a big river.

More often found in mountains than on flat land.

Page 14: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Where the river flows into a larger body of water

Ex. a lake, ocean, another river.

Page 15: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Watershed – area that drains into a body of water

River Basin - A region of land that drains into a river system (contains many different watersheds).

Page 16: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Separates one river basin from the next.

Page 17: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Young river: v-shaped channel; steep sides

Mature river: u-shaped channel; more sloping sides; some meanders (bends)

Old river: flatter u-shaped channel; sloping sides; lots of meanders

Page 18: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 19: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Sediment is deposited in a stream

when there is a decrease in the

speed of the water.

Page 20: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Decreased slope (steeper--> faster)

Bed widening (more friction)

Obstruction (slows down when it goes

around rock, tree, bridge)

Page 21: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Sloping fan-shaped deposit of

sediments

When a stream goes from steep drop to flat

land.

Page 22: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 23: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Very slow moving water, leads to sediment

being deposited making flood plains fertile.

Page 24: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 25: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Curves in a river caused by an obstruction.

Erosion occurs on the outside of a bend.

Deposition occurs on the inside of a bend.

Page 26: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 27: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Crescent shaped body of water, when a

part of a meander is cut off from the river.

Page 28: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 29: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Buildup of sediments at the mouth of a river.

Water slows down as it empties into another

body of water.

Page 30: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 31: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Oceans and Ocean Circulation

Page 32: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

70%!

Page 33: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

96% PURE

WATER

4% dissolved elements:

Cl, Na, Mg S, Ca, K

Page 34: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

A measure of dissolved solids in sea water

Number of grams of dissolved salts in 1 kilogram of water

Measured in parts per thousand (ppt)

Evaporation and freezing increases salinity

Page 35: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume (D=m/v)

Affected by two things:◦Salinity: dissolved solids make water more dense

◦Temperature: Cold water is more dense

Page 36: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Factors affecting Seawater density

high salinity=increase density

Low temp = increase density

*Tempereature has a greater influence

*Occurs at low latitudes. Thermocline is absent at high latitudes.

Page 37: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

http://marinebio.org/oceans/temperature/

Page 38: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, and oxygen are most abundant

CO2 dissolves most easily

Cold water holds more gases than warm water

Page 39: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Divided into 3 major oceans: the Atlantic, the Pacific, and the Indian Oceans

Page 40: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

The term “sea” refers to smaller areas of the ocean that are partially surrounded by land.

Ex: Mediterranean and Caribbean.

Page 41: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Ocean water moves in giant streams called currents that flow like rivers at the surface or far below.

There are 2 types of currents:

◦ Surface

◦ Density

Page 42: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Move on the surface of the ocean

Driven by wind

Page 43: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 44: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

1.Warm:

Flow away from the equator toward the poles

Because areas near the equator are warm

Example: Gulf Stream

Page 45: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

2. Cold Flow toward the

equator away from the poles

Originate at the poles where the water is cold

Example: California current

Page 46: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Red are Warm Currents and

Black are cold currents

Surface Currents

Page 47: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Wind is the driving force behind the formation of surface currents.

2 sets of wind patterns involved in forming most surface currents.◦ Trade Winds – Blow toward the equator

◦ Westerlies – Blow away from the equator

Page 48: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again
Page 49: What is the water cycle? - Earth and Environmental - Earth ...€¦ · Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere again

Move beneath the surface of the ocean

Caused by differences in the density of water a.k.a.Thermohaline Circulation