What is the autoclave thing again

Sanitization: fancy word for CleaningRemoving of foreign material

Dirt, body fluids, lubricants

Using detergents, soap & H2O, scrubbing, ultrasonic

1st step in the disinfection and/or sterilization process

Temperature of the water is important.

Sanitization: First levelEquipment and instruments and surfacesScrubbingCleaningUsing detergents and H20Scrubbing to remove contamination on hard to

reach surfacesOpen hinges and ratchets

UltrasonicBath of special solution through which sound

waves pass loosing debris from instrumentsUsed for sanitization of

Sharp objects: scalpels, or those with sharp edges

Be aware that instruments made of different metals should be separated

Always place instruments in open position

NoteFor instruments contaminated with blood or

protein these need to be rinsed in cool water to remove contamination before sanitization

This step is not necessary if usingSpecialized detergents that are neutral ph,

low sudsing, formulated to dissolve blood and blood products

After CleaningRinse individuallyPlace on clean towelDry thoroughlyInspect for damage and smooth operationIf instruments do not require further

disinfection or sterilization they can be stored

NoteBe aware of manufactures guidelinesThink soft metals Rubber tubingElectronics

Disinfection: Second LevelProcess that eliminates many or all

microorganisms except sporesEither with liquid chemicals or boiling

(instruments placed into room temperature water that is raised to boiling for a period of time and then allowed to cool)

Disinfection: Key pointProper contactProper timeProper dilution

Disinfection Three LevelsHigh-level Destroy all microorganisms except bacterial

sporesIntermediate disinfectionInactivates M. tuberculosia vegetative

bacteria such as Staphlycococcus aureus, most fungus and viruses

Not bacterial spores

DisinfectionLow-level disinfectionMost bacteriaSome virusesSome fungiNot resistant microorganisms (super bugs)Not bacterial spores

Disinfection processWear gloves when handling instrumentsDisinfection solutions must cover every

surfaceUsed if instrument does not penetrate a

patient’s skin or mucous membranesEnamelwareEndotracheal tubesLaryngoscopes and nasal canulasGlassware

Sterilization: Third StageRequired for all instruments or supplies that

will penetrate a client’s skin or come in contact in areas below the integumentary level.

Any instrument that will come in contact with a sterile field

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Sterilization Required for all instruments or supplies

that will penetrate a patient’s skin or any other normally sterile area of the body.

First sanitize it and/or disinfect it.AutoclavingChemical (cold) processesDry heat processesGas processesMicrowave processes

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AutoclavePrimary method of

sterilizing instrumentsSteam operate at lower

temperature Moist steam permeates

the wrapping Moisture causes

coagulation of proteins causing cells to burst and killing them.

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Autoclave (cont.)

1.Prepare instruments by wrapping in muslin or special porous paper

2.Preheat according to manufacturer’s guidelines

3.Perform any quality control procedures

4.Load instruments and equipment5.Set the autoclave for the correct

time after temperature and pressure has been reached

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Autoclave (cont.)

6. Run the autoclave through sterilization cycle and drying cycle

7. Remove the instruments and equipment

8. Store the instruments and equipment properly

9. Clean autoclave and surrounding area

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Microorganisms

Other Methods of SterilizationChemical – using chemicals

solutions (Chemiclave) when heat can’t be used

Dry heat – used when can’t use moist heat or chemicals

Gas – used in hospitals takes longer than steam

Microwave – low pressure steam with radiation to produce localized heat that kills microorganisms.

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Apply Your Knowledge

How would you know the autoclave is working?

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Apply Your Knowledge

When would you use a chemical process to sterilize instruments?

Storage of Autoclaved instrumentsWhat is the most important detail about

where you would store sterilized instruments?

Apply Your KnowledgeWhat is the difference between

sanitization and sterilization?

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Apply Your KnowledgeWhat is the difference between sanitization and sterilization?

Sanitization is the cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms.

Sterilization is the complete destruction of all microorganisms -pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless - from the surface of instruments and equipment.