Freewrite: What is terrorism? Freewrite for 5 minutes on the
above question. If you can, give me examples of terrorism and
explain why you consider it to be an act of terrorism. Remember
that a freewrite is a non-stop writing activity.
Slide 4
Develop a 2-3 sentence definition of terrorism Ask yourself the
following questions: 1.Can it involve simply the destruction of
property, with no injuries? 2.Does terrorism have to be violent?
What if the intent is to not harm anybody? (What is violence?)
3.Does terrorism have to target large numbers of people or can it
target a few? A single person? 4.Can governments commit acts of
terrorism, or is the term reserved only for people who operate
outside of governments (organizations, groups, extremists,
radicals, etc.)? 5.Can terrorism be nation to nation? An entire
nation towards a specific individual? 6.Is any targeting of
civilians terrorism? 7.Must terrorism involve the people of one
country attacking citizens of another or can it be within a
country? 8.Does motive make a difference? 9.Does terrorism need to
be intentional? What if it fits your criteria, but it is by
accident?
Slide 5
Scenario #1 The country of Marak? Israel The country of Bragan?
Palestine The country of Bolaire? The United States
Slide 6
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Both the Jewish and Palestinian
people have claims to this area in the Middle East. In 1948 the
country of Israel was created allowing for areas of Palestinian
settlements. Palestinians in Israeli territory were forced out of
their homes into these Palestinian areas. Those who refused were
forcibly moved and their homes bulldozed.
Slide 7
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Much violence occurred between
both Israelis and Palestinians. In 1967 the Israeli military
invaded and occupied these areas (Golan Heights, the West Bank, and
Gaza Strip). The Palestinian minorities were forced into refugee
camps where oppression and violence are common.
Slide 8
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict A cycle of retributive violence
has occurred between the two peoples: Forced out of their homes,
Palestinians attack Israeli neighborhoods. Fearing violence and
attacks, the Israeli military invades the Palestinian areas and
kills those suspected of the violence.
Slide 9
August 21, 2003 the entire commercial area of Nazlat 'Isa was
razed to the ground as some 15 bulldozers, accompanied by large
numbers of military and border police, destroyed over 100 shops and
5 homes. - PENGON photo One of the 117 olive trees uprooted by
Israel on 9 December 2004 in Jayyous. A truck driver driver said he
would bring the trees to the Tel Aviv area, to be sold. (Photo:
Christoph Gocke)
Slide 10
Workmen assemble a section of the Israeli separation barrier,
which will consist of trenches, walls, barbed wire, electronic
fences, and patrol roads. When completed, the barrier system will
snake throughout the West Bank - REINHARD KRAUSE/REUTERS Israel has
seized more than half of the West Bank since 1967. AlJazeera
Slide 11
Scenario #1 Review Think for a minute about the
Israeli-Palestinian scenario we have looked at the past few days.
1.Discuss in your group if you believe this scenario to be an act
of terrorism. Remember that you must back up your thinking with
specific points from your definition of terrorism. Give time for
each group member to share. 2. Does your definition of terrorism
need to be adjusted? If you answer yes to this question, spend a
few minutes doing so.
Slide 12
Scenario #2 The country of Menin? The United States The country
of Pungor? India The corporation? Union Carbide
Slide 13
Union Carbide Bhopal Disaster Union Carbide, a subsidiary of
Dow Chemical Company. The Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India made
pesticides. On the night of Dec. 2-3, 1984 the plant began leaking
chemicals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people were killed on
that night and as many as 10,000 since due to birth defects,
sicknesses, still births, etc.
Slide 14
Union Carbide Bhopal Disaster Before the disaster, Union
Carbide began a series of cost cutting decisions in order to
maximize profits: Filling chemical tanks beyond recommended levels.
Poor maintenance at the plant. Refusal to follow safety procedures.
Safety systems switched off to save money including the chemical
refrigeration system. All of these were well known prior to the
disaster by the Union Carbide Corporation.
Slide 15
Union Carbide Bhopal Disaster It is estimated that between
100,000 and 200,000 people have permanent injuries due to the
disaster. These include: eye problems Respiratory difficulties
immune disorders Cardiac failure female reproductive difficulties
Birth defects Union Carbide and Dow Chemical Company deny that any
permanent injuries were caused by this chemical leak.
Slide 16
Union Carbide Bhopal Disaster Union Carbide or Dow Chemical
Company refuse to clean up the chemical plant, nor take
responsibility for the environmental devastation of Bhopal: The
factory is now abandoned, but chemical contamination of the area is
everywhere. Several studies have shown that the soil and
groundwater within 15 miles of the plant have been contaminated. In
1991 the local authorities declared water from over 100 wells unfit
for drinking.
Slide 17
Union Carbide Bhopal Disaster Prior contaminations had occurred
throughout the 1970s and early 1980s several contaminated,
livestock dying, etc. Workers had been injured and even killed in
accidents over the years. Union Carbide and Dow Chemical Company
have paid for an intelligence research organization called Stratfor
to spy on Bhopal Disaster Activists. Warren Anderson, the CEO of
Union Carbide, was charged with manslaughter by an Indian court,
but the U.S. refused extradition.
Slide 18
Scenario #2 Review Think for a minute about the Bhopal Disaster
scenario we have looked at the past few days. 1.Discuss in your
group if you believe this scenario to be an act of terrorism.
Remember that you must back up your thinking with specific points
from your definition of terrorism. Give time for each group member
to share. 2. Does your definition of terrorism need to be adjusted?
If you answer yes to this question, spend a few minutes doing
so.
Slide 19
Scenario #3 The country of Tobian? The United States The
country of Ambar? Nicaragua The country next door? Honduras The
guerrillas? Contras
Slide 20
Nicaraguan Civil War Daniel Ortega, the leader of the socialist
rebel group known as the Sandinistas took control of Nicaragua in
1979. In 1980, new U.S. president Ronald Reagan began the push to
support the anti- Sandinista government counter-revolutionaries
known as Contras (short for the Spanish name la
contrarrevolucion).
Slide 21
Nicaraguan Civil War A civil war would rage between these two
groups for the next decade. The Contras supported by the U.S. and
the Sandinistas supported by the communist Cuban government. Most
of the violence committed between these two groups was not directed
towards each other, but towards the civilian population.
Slide 22
Nicaraguan Civil War The U.S. government gave instructions to
the Contras to attack soft targets (undefended civilian targets).
Farmers cooperatives Hospitals Churches Village leaders Doctors
Nurses Health care clinics Judges
Slide 23
Nicaraguan Civil War The CIA released a manual for use with
Contra trained leaders titled Implicit and Explicit Terror. It
instructed the Contras to continue these attacks claiming that the
people of Nicaragua would lose confidence in the Sandinistas and
join with the counter- revolutionaries.
Slide 24
Nicaraguan Civil War The United Nations, in a report issued in
1984, stated that the U.S. supported Contras have killed, tortured,
raped, mutilated and abducted hundreds of civilians... Other
reports claim that the Contras have kidnapped, tortured and
executed children and burnt civilian houses to the ground.
Slide 25
Nicaraguan Civil War "We found that there is substantial
credible evidence that the contras engaged with some frequency in
acts of terroristic violence directed at Nicaraguan civilians...
These are individuals who are not caught in the cross-fire between
Government and contra forces, but... deliberately targeted by the
contras for acts of terror." ~ International Human Rights Law
Group
Slide 26
School of the Americas Now known as WHIN SEC. SOA is a U.S.
Defense Department program that trains Latin Americans with the
tools to protect Democratic ideals throughout the Western
Hemisphere Many of the Contras were trained at SOA.
Slide 27
Nicaraguan Civil War / School of the Americas Video link
(7:45-24:30)link
Slide 28
Scenario #3 Review Think for a minute about the Nicaraguan
Civil War (Contras / Sandinistas) scenario we have looked at the
past few days. 1.Discuss in your group if you believe this scenario
to be an act of terrorism. Remember that you must back up your
thinking with specific points from your definition of terrorism.
Give time for each group member to share. 2. Does your definition
of terrorism need to be adjusted? If you answer yes to this
question, spend a few minutes doing so.
Slide 29
Scenario #4 The country of Anza? The United States The country
of Baltus? Sudan The countries where the Anza embassies were
bombed? Kenya and Tanzania Prominent individual mention? Osama bin
Laden
Slide 30
Bombing of Kenyan and Tanzanian Embassies On August 7 th, 1998,
al-Qaeda, under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden, simultaneously
bombed the embassies of Kenya and Tanzania. Nearly 300 people were
killed and some estimate over 4,000 wounded. News story video
link
Slide 31
Bombing of Kenyan and Tanzanian Embassies al-Qaeda claimed
responsibility. Bin Laden stated that the strikes were in
retaliation for the arrest and torture of 4 terror suspects who had
been arrested 3 months earlier by U.S. forces.
Slide 32
Bombing of Kenyan and Tanzanian Embassies The bombings were on
the 8 th anniversary of the arrival of U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia,
which was the home-country of Bin Laden.
Slide 33
U.S. Retaliatory Strike on Sudanese Pharmaceutical Factory Less
than 2 weeks later, the U.S. fired a series of Cruise Missiles from
U.S. ships in the Red Sea that destroyed a Sudanese Pharmaceutical
factory. It was believed that the factory was making chemical
weapons. It was also believed that the owners of the factory had
ties with the al-Qaeda organization. Both claims have now been
proven as false.
Slide 34
U.S. Retaliatory Strike on Sudanese Pharmaceutical Factory The
factory made more than 70% of all of Sudans medicine, mostly
Chloroquine, the standard treatment for malaria. Some humanitarian
organizations believe that the destruction of much needed medicine
for the Sudanese people has killed another 20,000. News story video
link
Slide 35
Scenario #4 Review Think for a minute about the U.S. Embassy in
Kenya and Tanzania (and the U.S. attack in Sudan) scenario we have
looked at the past few days. 1.Discuss in your group if you believe
this scenario to be an act of terrorism. Remember that you must
back up your thinking with specific points from your definition of
terrorism. Give time for each group member to share. 2. Does your
definition of terrorism need to be adjusted? If you answer yes to
this question, spend a few minutes doing so.
Slide 36
Scenario #5 Sport-King? Nike The country of Morcosas? The
United States
Slide 37
Transnational Corporations: Nike You could replace Nike with
literally hundreds of other TNCs. Transnational Corporations (TNC)
are companies that do not have only one country of operation. For
example, the company may have their administration located in the
U.S., but their factories and other operations are spread out to 10
other countries.
Slide 38
The U.S. headquarters are in Beaverton, OR, however, Nike has
factories in 12 different countries. These factories are not
technically owned by Nike. The owners of these factories are
contracted to make Nike products. The minimum wage of these
factories on average is 17 cents / hour. Transnational
Corporations: Nike Behind the Swoosh Video
Slide 39
Scenario #5 Review Think for a minute about the Nike /
Transnational Corporations scenario we have looked at the past few
days. 1.Discuss in your group if you believe this scenario to be an
act of terrorism. Remember that you must back up your thinking with
specific points from your definition of terrorism. Give time for
each group member to share. 2. Does your definition of terrorism
need to be adjusted? If you answer yes to this question, spend a
few minutes doing so.
Slide 40
What is terrorism? Spend 3 minutes looking over the 5 different
scenarios. If you need to, revise your definition of terrorism. In
your group, you will have 1 minute to read your definition of
terrorism, then explain which 3 scenarios you plan to write about
and why they connect to your definition. Crude Documentary Student
#2 Student #4 Student #1 Student #3
