What is Secondhand Smoke

7/31/2019 What is Secondhand Smoke

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What is Secondhand Smoke?

Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and the smoke exhaled

by smokers. Secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and exposure to secondhand smoke is

sometimes called involuntary or passive smoking. Secondhand smoke contains more that 4,000 substances, several of which

are known to cause cancer in humans or animals.

EPA has concluded that exposure to secondhand smoke can causelung cancer in adults who do not smoke. EPAestimates that exposure to secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths per year in

nonsmokers.

Exposure to secondhand smoke has also been shown in a number of studies to increase the risk of heart disease.

Serious Health Risks to Children

Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke because they are still developing physically, have

higher breathing rates than adults, and have l ittle control over their indoor environments. Children exposed to high doses of

secondhand smoke, such as those whose mothers smoke, run the greatest relative risk of experiencing damaging health effects.

Exposure to secondhand smoke cancause asthma in children who have not previously exhibited symptoms.

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk forSudden Infant Death Syndrome

Infants and children younger than 6 who are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of lowerrespiratory track infections, such aspneumonia and bronchitis

Children who regularly breathe secondhand smoke are at increased risk formiddle ear infections

Health Risks to Children with Asthma

Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease affecting 1 in 13 school aged children on average.

Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause new cases of asthma in children who have not previously shown

symptoms. Exposure to secondhand smoke can trigger asthma attacks and make asthma symptoms more severe.

The Science Behind the Risks

1. Surgeon General Warning: Secondhand Smoke Puts Children At Risk

On June 27th, 2006, the Surgeon General released a major new report on involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke,

concluding that secondhand smoke causes disease and death in children and nonsmoking adults. The report finds a causal

relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and declares that the home is

becoming the predominant location for exposure of children and adults to secondhand smoke.

Get more information on "The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of theSurgeon General" at www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/

2. The National Survey on Environmental Management of Asthma and Childrens Exposure to Environmental

Tobacco Smoke (NSEMA/CEE) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004)

Key findings:

o 11% of children aged 6 years and under are exposed to ETS in their homes on a regular basis (4 or moredays per week) compared to 20% in the 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

o Parents are responsible for 90% of childrens exposure to ETS.
http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/http://www.epa.gov/asthma/http://www.epa.gov/asthma/http://www.epa.gov/asthma/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/DS00145http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/DS00145http://www.medtogo.com/bronchitis-pneumonia.htmlhttp://www.medtogo.com/bronchitis-pneumonia.htmlhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303http://www.medtogo.com/bronchitis-pneumonia.htmlhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/DS00145http://www.epa.gov/asthma/http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/


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o Exposure to ETS is higher and asthma prevalence is more l ikely in households with low income and loweducation levels.

o Children with asthma have as much exposure to ETS as children without asthma.o Read the Report: Fact Sheet: National Survey on Environmental Management of Asthma and Childrens

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (PDF, 2 pp., 89 K, about PDF)

3. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking (Also Known as Exposure to Secondhand Smoke or Environmental

Tobacco Smoke - ETS) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992)

Key findings:

In adults:

o ETS is a human lung carcinogen, responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually in U.S.nonsmokers. ETS has been classified as a Group A carcinogen under EPA's carcinogen assessment

guidelines. This classification is reserved for those compounds or mixtures which have been shown to cause

cancer in humans, based on studies in human populations.

In children:

o ETS exposure increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. EPAestimates that between 150,000 and 300,000 of these cases annually in infants and young children up to 18

months of age are attributable to exposure to ETS. Of these, between 7,500 and 15,000 will result in

hospitalization.

o ETS exposure increases the prevalence of fluid in the middle ear, a sign of chronic middle ear disease.o ETS exposure in children irritates the upper respiratory tract and is associated with a small but significant

reduction in lung function.

o ETS exposure increases the frequency of episodes and severity of symptoms in asthmatic children. Thereport estimates that 200,000 to 1,000,000 asthmatic children have their condition worsened by exposure

to environmental tobacco smoke.

o ETS exposure is a risk factor for new cases of asthma in children who have not previously displayedsymptoms.

Pregnant women: Secondhand smoke can harm your unborn baby

Even if you don't smoke when you're pregnant, just being around smokers, can increase the risk of harming your future baby,

according to a new study in the medical journal Pediatrics.

Researchers found exposure to secondhand smoke increased a non-smoking pregnant woman's chances of having a stillborn by

23 percent, and increased the risk of delivering a baby with birth defects by 13 percent.

"These results highlight the importance of smoking prevention and cessation focusing on the father in addition to the mother,

during the preconception period and during the pregnancy," explains Dr. Jonathan Winickoff, Associate Professor of Pediatrics

at Harvard Medical School, who is not affiliated with the study.

The team of experts reviewed virtually all available studies worldwide that focused on this health issue.

The scientists aren't exactly sure what levels of secondhand smoke are dangerous, but they do think the more exposure the

higher the risks.

"We anticipate that the effect becomes significant when the woman is exposed to more than 10 cigarettes a day, which isn't a

lot when you consider that some women are exposed to partners and other people's smoking habits on a daily basis. However,

we need more evidence to be able to say with certainty what the true levels are," explains study author Jo Leonardi-Bee, PhD

and Associate Professor in Medical Statistics at the University of Nottingham in England.

This research also suggests that secondhand smoke can be almost as dangerous to a baby as having a mother who smokes, at

least when referring to stillbirths and birth defects.

Pregnant smokers have a 20 to 34% increase risk of having a baby who is stillborn compared to women who don't smoke,

according to Dr. Winickoff. The risks weren't much less 23% for the non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke.
http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/pdfs/survey_fact_sheet.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/epahome/pdf.htmlhttp://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/07/pregnant-women-secondhand-smoke-can-harm-your-unborn-baby/http://www2.massgeneral.org/ceasetobacco/http://www2.massgeneral.org/ceasetobacco/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/07/pregnant-women-secondhand-smoke-can-harm-your-unborn-baby/http://www.epa.gov/epahome/pdf.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/smokefree/pdfs/survey_fact_sheet.pdf


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The picture for birth defects is similar. The range for smoking women and birth defects is between 10 34%, and for pregnant

women who are around smokers, 13%. Babies exposed to passive smoke were more likely to be born with major deformities of

the feet, testes, or not have a brain.

"We know there are at least 400 toxic chemicals in tobacco smoke. These can get into the pregnant mother and affect her

baby," says Dr. Winickoff.

Cigarettes contain heavy metals, DNA damaging agents, and class one carcinogens the most harmful ones known.

"Protect yourself from passive smoke before and during pregnancy, not only toreduce risks of disease to yourself, but also to

reduce the many harms that passive smoke can have on your future baby," says Leonardi-Bee.

How can secondhand smoke be avoided?

With planning, you can reduce or eliminate exposure to secondhand smoke. Remember, it's your right to breathe clean air.

Start with these simple steps:

Don't allow smoking in your home. If family members or guests want to smoke, ask them to step outside. Air conditioners andventilation systems don't effectively remove secondhand smoke from the air.

Don't allow smoking in your vehicle. If a passenger must smoke on the road, stop at a rest stop for a smoke break outside thecar.

Insist that smoking restrictions be enforced at work. Many states have laws against smoking in the workplace.

Choose smoke-free care facilities. This applies to child care facilities as well as facilities for older adults. Only choose those witha no-smoking policy.

Patronize businesses with no-smoking policies. Choose smoke-free restaurants. When you travel, request nonsmoking hotelrooms. Reinforce these no-smoking policies by telling the management that you appreciate the healthy air.

If you have a partner or other loved one who smokes, offer support and encouragement to stop smoking. The entire family will

reap the benefits.

Sources:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/secondhand-smoke/CC00023/NSECTIONGROUP=2

http://tl.answers.com/Q/Ano_ang_ibig_sabihin_ng_second_hand_smoke

http://pinoybalita.blogspot.com/2011/03/
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/tobaccosmoke/index.htmlhttp://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/tobaccosmoke/index.htmlhttp://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/tobaccosmoke/index.htmlhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/secondhand-smoke/CC00023/NSECTIONGROUP=2http://tl.answers.com/Q/Ano_ang_ibig_sabihin_ng_second_hand_smokehttp://pinoybalita.blogspot.com/2011/03/http://pinoybalita.blogspot.com/2011/03/http://pinoybalita.blogspot.com/2011/03/http://tl.answers.com/Q/Ano_ang_ibig_sabihin_ng_second_hand_smokehttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/secondhand-smoke/CC00023/NSECTIONGROUP=2http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/tobaccosmoke/index.html


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Waste Segregation. All activities, administrative and operational (including transportation activities), involved in the handling,

treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal of waste.

WASTE SEGREGATION

The purpose of waste management is to:

-protect people who handle waste items from accidental injury,

-prevent the spread of infection to healthcare workers who handle the waste,

-prevent the spread of infection to the local community, and safely dispose of hazardous materials (toxic chemicals and

radioactive compounds).

Open piles of waste should be avoided because they are a risk to those who scavenge and unknowingly reuse contaminated

items,

-allow persons to accidentally step on sharp items and injure themselves,

- produce foul odors, and

- attract insects and animals

What are the effects of poor Domestic Waste management?

Due to the poor management of the Domestic Waste from households, the following are some of the effects on the population

and the environment;

Solid wastes, when improperly disposed off can be an environmental hazard in that the surrounding environment as well as the

fish are affected. This improper damping can lead to death of fish as well as diseases to man e.g. dysentry, cholera and so on.

Some of these wastes can also be very harmful to the atmosphere. These wastes when improperly dumped into theatmosphere can lead to the destruction of the ozone layer and may cause diseases such as cancer. As a result there is problem

in global warming. Air pollution can also lead to formation of acidic rain which is dangerous to crop life since it fastens the

removal of soil fertility from the surface of the ground.

It also affects drainage. When solid wastes are dumped in drainage channels and gutters, the block the flow of the sewerage.

This may cause flooding. At the same time, solid wastes also affect soil drainage which hinders the growing of crops.

Since some of the waste materials are water proof, they can be dangerous to the aeration system of the soil hence hindering

agriculture. It also leads to the reduction of fertile cultivatable land in form of dumping sites. This in turn affects the country's

since Uganda depends on agriculture for exports.

Waste materials like toxic if consumed by animals can be very dangerous to life and worse still if these wastes are dumped in

water bodies. They are dangerous to aquatic life.

Poor solid waste has also led to the death of animals (especially domestic animals). Death of animals like cattle leads to poverty

and the death of animals like dogs, leads to insecurity in homes.

Poor Domestic Waste management also displays an ugly scenario of the environment. This can affect the tourism industry, as

the tourist may not get attracted to visit the country.


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It has also led to the spread of diseases in such away that when wastes like broken bottles and these are dumped anywhere,

they collect water in them (when it rains) and this may become a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Wastes like human stool

cause diseases when poorly dumped, as the flies will carry the germ from the stool.

It can also lead to human injury. For example, when a person is walking and steps on the broken bottles or nails or even pins

(shape objects), he can get injured which may lead to bleeding. (normal these waste shape objects are infected with germs)

Uncontrolled damping of solid waste can lead to wastage of land where we find lots of land being used as damping sites for

wastes. These same pieces of land are later on neglected by the inhabitants of the area.

Poor waste management can be a source of under development around the societies surrounding that particular area. This ca

cause harm to tourist industries of the particular countries.

HOW TO PROPERLY SEGREGATE WASTE

1.) First, classify garbage as wet and dry. If possible, make a mini recycling center in your backyard. Place similar items in one

container. Then, share your recycling interest and experience with your friends, neighbors.

a. Wet garbage includes animal feeds and organic matter. Animal feeds are leftover foods, vegetables, fruit peelings and

others that can be used as feeds for animals like pigs, chickens, and dogs. Place animal feeds in plastic or metal containers.

Organic matter actually includes unused animal feeds, rotting fruits and vegetables,leaves and grasses, twigs and othersthat rot or decay.

b. Dry garbage may either be organic or inorganic such as glass, metal, plastic, rags, wood pieces, paper and others which

can be used or sold for recycling.

2.) Compost organic materials right away. Build a backyard compost pit or install a home composter. If possible, talk with the

professionals about putting up a composter..

3.) If the community produces more than 25 kilograms of wet garbage, initiate the installation of a biogas digester with

professionals..

5.) Reuse the materials that you can still use. Donate or sell to junkshops those extra recyclable materials. Junkshops are

recyclers. They buy recyclable materials and sell them in bulk buyers..

Ang mga plastik na basura ay hindi nabubulok at kinakailangang dumaan sa proseso ng recycling upang hindimakapinsala sa kapaligiran.

Iyon namang mga nabubulok ay puwedeng ideretso na sa mga landfill kung saan mapapakinabangan pa sila bilangpataba. Kumbaga, magkaibang paraan at proseso ng pagtatapon at paglusaw sa mga ito kayat hindi dapat pagsamahin.

Isa sa pinakamalaking contributor ng air pollution ay ang mauusok na sasakyan. Pero dahil nagtitipid sa change oil,hindi baleng makaperwisyo sa lahat.

Sources:

http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/4morerh/4ip/ip_manual/08_wastemanagement.pdf

http://www.angelfire.com/nc/namicol/effects1.html

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_ways_on_how_to_segregate_garbage_properly
http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/4morerh/4ip/ip_manual/08_wastemanagement.pdfhttp://www.angelfire.com/nc/namicol/effects1.htmlhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_ways_on_how_to_segregate_garbage_properlyhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_ways_on_how_to_segregate_garbage_properlyhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_ways_on_how_to_segregate_garbage_properlyhttp://www.angelfire.com/nc/namicol/effects1.htmlhttp://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/4morerh/4ip/ip_manual/08_wastemanagement.pdf


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Ano ang second hand smoke?

.

Ang secondhand smoke ay tinatawag din na kapaligiran na usokng tabako (ETS) at ang exposure sa secondhand smoke ay tinatawag rin

na hindi sinasadya o balintiyak na paninigarilyo. Ito ay naglalaman ng higitna 4,000 mga sangkap, ilang na kung saan ay kilala upang maging sanhing kanser sa mga tao o hayop.

Ang second hand smoke

ay ung usok ng sigarilyo

na naiinhale o

naaamoy ng mga taong

nakapaligid sa

naninigarilyong tao.ito

ay mas mapanganibkesa sa usok na

hinihithit mo sa

sigarilyo mismo sa

dahilang ito ay kung

baga nakadaan na sa

baga ng taong

naninigarilyo bago

maamoy ng mga tao sasa tabi ng tyaong

naninigharilyo


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Anoangmasama

ngepektongs

econdhandsmokesamga

buntisatmgabata?

1. ASTHMA

2. SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

3. PNEUMONIA AT BRONCHITIS

4. INFECTION SA TENGA (MIDDLE EAR


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Kahit na hindi ka manigarilyo,kapag ikaw ay buntis ngunit nakapaligid sa mgamaninigarilyo, maaaring madagdagan ang panganib ng iyong sanggol, ayon saisang bagong pag-aaral sa mga medikal na journal pang pedyatrya.

Kailangan bukod sa maging smoke-free ang bahay dapat kasama na rin maging

smoke-free ang opisina o kung saan man nagtratrabaho ang bagong ina.

Kahit hindi nag-yoyosi ang buntis, kung ang mga taong nakapalibot naman ditoay panay ang paninigarilyo, mas malaki ang tsansang maapektuhan angkalusugan ng bata.

Ang exposure sa secondhand smoke ay maaaring magdulot ng 13% risk ng birthdefects sa bata, kasama na rin dito ang posibleng risk na manganak na stillborno patay na ang sanggol paglabas nito.

Ayon sa mga scientifico, ang usok ng sigarilyo ay may higit na 400 na toxic nakemikal. Ang sigarilyo ay may mga heavy metals, DNA damaging agents at ClassOne Carcinogens- mga kemikal na nakakasama sa kalusugan at nagdudulot ngkanser.

Payo ng mga eksperto sa mga nagsisimula ng pamilya, mas makakabuti kungititigil muna na ang paninigarilyo bago pa man magbuntis, at iwasan ang


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anumang secondhand smoke sa kapaligiran dahil kahit anung level ng exposuredito ay hindi makakabuti.

PAANO MAKAKAIWAS SA USOK NA DALA NG

PANINIGARILYO NG IBA?

-huwag hayaan na manigarilyo sa loob ng tahanan.

-kung may maninigarilyo sa loob ng sasakyan,umiwas atkung maaari ay lumabas sa sasakyan.

-magpunta lamang sa mga pasilidad na smoke-free onagiimplement ng no smoking policy

-kung aalis,piliin ang lugar na hindi gaanong mausok.

Global warming - ito ay ang pagnipis at unti-untingpagkabutas ng ating ozone layer. Ilang beses na itong

tinatalakay sa telebisyon at maging sa ilang babasahin ang

kaseryosohan ng problema. At lahat ay nag-uugat sa


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walang pakundangan nating pagsira sa ating kapaligiran at

paglapastangan dito.

Pagkapinsala sa lupa, hangin at tubig - Ito ay dulot ng

kawalan ng disiplina at sistema sa pagtatapon ng basura atang paggamit ng mga kemikal. Nagdudulot rin ng

pagkapinsala ang labis na polusyong hindi lang sa hangin

kundi maging sa tubig at lupa.

Sobra-sobrang pagdami ng basura - ito ay dahil saraw-araw nating pagtatapon ng basura na nagiging

malaking problema kapag pinagsama-sama sapagkat dahil

dito paunti na ng paunti ang ating imbakan.

Nakakalasong kemikal - ito ay dulot ng pagsusunog ngbasura, ang kemikal na ito ay maaaring magdulot ng

kamatayan sa tao.

Nakakasira ng mga kanalito ay dulot ng mga basurangnaiimbak sa mga kanal at napipigil ang pagdaloy ng tubig

Pagkamatay ng mga hayop- dahil sa mga nakakalasongkemikal na nandidito

Nakasisira ng mga lugar pangatraksyon-dahil sanagkakakalat na mga basura


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Mga Uri ng Basura: Nabubulok, Di-nabubulok

at NakakalasonIsa para sa mga nabubulok na basura gaya ng mga tira-tirang pagkain, papel, halaman at mga

patay na hayop. Isa naman para sa mga di-nabubulok na basura gaya ng mga plastic container

na madalas ginagamit na pambalot sa pagkain. Kasama rin sa mga di-nabubulok na basura ang

mga bote, mga bakal at electronic wastes. Ang ikatlong uri ng basura ay ang mapanganib o

nakakalason. Ang mga halimbawa naman nito ay yaong mga kemikal o gamit na ginamitan ng

kemikal. Madalas ay makikita ito sa mga pagawaan at maging sa mga ospital. Bagamat ito ay

maaaring mabulok o hindi nabubulok, hindi ito isinasama sa dalawang unang nabanggit na uring basura dahil sa panganib nito sa kalusugan ng tao.

MGA SAKIT NG NAKUKUHA SA BASURA.

1. Leptospirosis sakit na nakukuha sa ihi ng daga na maaring nahalo sa tubig na namuo sa

basura pati narin sa tubig na nanggagaling sa baha

2. Sakit sa baga- ito ay nakukuha sa pagsunog ng basura lalo na ng plastik at ng mga goma.

3. Influenza- ito ay sakit na nakukuha sa dumi ng ibon at ng iba pang hayop. Nakukuha rin ito sa

kalat ng tao na mayroong ganitong sakit.

4. Diarrhea- ito ay nakukuha sa pag-inom ng kontaminadong tubig na maaaring sanhi ng

pagkabutas ng daluyan ng tubig na malapit sa tapunan ng basura.

5. Typhoid Feverito ay nakukuha sa mga pagkain na kontaminado ng dumi ng isang taong

may sakit, ito ay maaaring sanhi ng di wastong pagtapon ng basura.

6. Hepatitis Aito ay nakukuha sa kontaminadong pagkain at pag-inom ng kontaminadong

tubig na maaaring sanhi rin ng pagkabutas ng daluyan ng tubig na malapit sa tapunan ng basura.

7. Gastro-Enteritisang sakit na ito ay nakakaapekto ng husto sa mga bata. Ito ay nakukuha sapaginom ng kontaminadong tubig, at sa paglalaro sa mga kanal


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8. Dengue Fever ito ay nakukuha sa kagat ng lamok na nabubuhay sa mga tubig na naipon sa

mga di natapon ng wasto na basura.

MGA DAPAT AT HINDI DAPAT GAWIN Huwag basta-basta itatapon ang iyong panapon. Paghiwa-hiwalayin ang mga basura,magkompos at magresiklo ng iyong basura

Huwag magsunog ng basura dahil ito ay makakasama sa Respiratory System. Umiwas sa paggamit ng mga disposable na kagamitan tulad ng styrofoam, plastic cups o plastic

spoons. Imbes gumamit ng mga baso, plato, kutsara at tinidor sa mga handaan.

Gumamit ng bayong o basket at umiwas sa paggamit ng plastic bags.

Manawagan sa pagsasara ng mga tambakan ng basura at hikayatin ang mga kasamahan sa

barangay o subdibisyon na patatagin ang poyektong ecological solid waste management sainyong lugar..

TAMANG PAGSESEGREGASYON NG BASURA

Segregasyon ng basura o paghihiwalay ng mga basura at kalat na nabubulok at hinditnabubulok.

NABUBULOK

-Gulay -karne

-prutas - etc
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/basura%20org%201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/lombricultura_casera.htm&h=789&w=1632&sz=194&hl=tl&start=167&um=1&tbnid=mNXJyChQgsH6jM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=+basura&start=160&ndsp=20&svnum=10&um=1&hl=tl&lr=lang_tl&sa=Nhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/basura%20org%201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/lombricultura_casera.htm&h=789&w=1632&sz=194&hl=tl&start=167&um=1&tbnid=mNXJyChQgsH6jM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=+basura&start=160&ndsp=20&svnum=10&um=1&hl=tl&lr=lang_tl&sa=Nhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/basura%20org%201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/lombricultura_casera.htm&h=789&w=1632&sz=194&hl=tl&start=167&um=1&tbnid=mNXJyChQgsH6jM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=+basura&start=160&ndsp=20&svnum=10&um=1&hl=tl&lr=lang_tl&sa=Nhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/basura%20org%201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/lombricultura_casera.htm&h=789&w=1632&sz=194&hl=tl&start=167&um=1&tbnid=mNXJyChQgsH6jM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=+basura&start=160&ndsp=20&svnum=10&um=1&hl=tl&lr=lang_tl&sa=Nhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/basura%20org%201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lombricor.com.mx/lombricultura_casera.htm&h=789&w=1632&sz=194&hl=tl&start=167&um=1&tbnid=mNXJyChQgsH6jM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=+basura&start=160&ndsp=20&svnum=10&um=1&hl=tl&lr=lang_tl&sa=N


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DI NABUBULOK

- goma -bote

-plastik -etc

-lata
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Documents

What is Secondhand Smoke