What is matter? Bellwork: Put a check next to each item on the sheet that you believe to be matter

What is matter? What is matter?

Bellwork:Bellwork: Put a check next to each item Put a check next to each item on the sheet that you believe to be on the sheet that you believe to be

matter. matter.

NotesNotes

How to Measure MASSHow to Measure MASS

MASS – the amount of MATTER in an object; measured in grams (gm)

Triple Beam Balance

Mass- digital scaleMass- digital scale

How to Measure VOLUMEHow to Measure VOLUME

(Liquid Volume) – The amount or liquid; measured in milliliters (ml)

Graduated Cylinder

A A meniscusmeniscus is the curve of the is the curve of the surface of the water in a graduated surface of the water in a graduated cylinder.cylinder.

Water "sticks" to the walls of the Water "sticks" to the walls of the graduated cylinder, but only on the graduated cylinder, but only on the sides and not the middle. sides and not the middle.

When you look at the surface, the When you look at the surface, the water level is not straight – it’s water level is not straight – it’s curved like a smile. curved like a smile.

Measurement should Measurement should be at the BOTTOM be at the BOTTOM of of the meniscus.the meniscus.

Read the meniscus Read the meniscus at eye level in to get at eye level in to get an accurate an accurate reading. Read the reading. Read the meniscus at eye meniscus at eye level. level.

Read the volume here

Volume of a regular solid objectVolume of a regular solid object

To measure the volume of a regular solid To measure the volume of a regular solid object (a cube or rectangular object), you object (a cube or rectangular object), you multiply its length, width, and height.multiply its length, width, and height.

Volume of an Irregular ObjectVolume of an Irregular Object

The volume of an irregular object can be The volume of an irregular object can be found by measuring displaced water in a found by measuring displaced water in a graduated cylinder.graduated cylinder.

NotesNotes

VolumeVolume – the amount of space that matter – the amount of space that matter takes up.takes up.

Of a Of a liquidliquid – measure in a beaker – measure in a beaker or g.c.or g.c.

Of a Of a regular solidregular solid – L x W x H – L x W x HOf an Of an irregular objectirregular object – –

displacement in a g.c. displacement in a g.c.

DensityDensityDensity – the amount of matter in a given Density – the amount of matter in a given

space.space.

Which is more dense a golf ball or table Which is more dense a golf ball or table tennis ball? Why?tennis ball? Why?

How do their volumes compare? Their How do their volumes compare? Their masses?masses?

DensityDensity

Density = Density = MassMass VolumeVolume

Density can help identify a Density can help identify a substancesubstance

Physical Properties (Fill in Spider)Physical Properties (Fill in Spider)

Ways to physically describe matter:Ways to physically describe matter:

densitydensity physical statephysical state (solid, liquid or gas (solid, liquid or gas

at certain temperatures and at certain temperatures and pressures) pressures)

color color odor odor solubility in watersolubility in water (the ability of (the ability of

substance to dissolve in water) substance to dissolve in water)

melting pointmelting point boiling pointboiling point hardness hardness malleabilitymalleability conductivity conductivity

Some more examples of physical Some more examples of physical properties are:properties are:

Chemical PropertyChemical Property

A A chemical propertychemical property describes an describes an object/substances’ ability to change into object/substances’ ability to change into something new. something new.

FLAMMABILITYFLAMMABILITYREACTIVITYREACTIVITY

Some examples of chemical Some examples of chemical properties are: properties are:

paper burns paper burns iron rusts iron rusts gold does not rust gold does not rust wood rots wood rots nitrogen does not nitrogen does not

burn burn silver does not react silver does not react

with water with water sodium reacts with sodium reacts with

water water

In each of these, the substance's In each of these, the substance's chemical property is its tendency chemical property is its tendency

to:to:

react react tarnish tarnish corrode corrode explode explode

Physical vs. Chemical PropertiesPhysical vs. Chemical Properties

WoodWood

Physical Property:Physical Property: Grainy textureGrainy texture

Chemical Property:Chemical Property: FlammableFlammable


Baking SodaBaking Soda

Physical Property:Physical Property: White powderWhite powder

Chemical Property:Chemical Property: Reacts with vinegar to Reacts with vinegar to

produce bubblesproduce bubbles


IronIron

Physical Property:Physical Property: Malleable (able to be Malleable (able to be

shaped)shaped)

Chemical Property:Chemical Property: Reacts with oxygen to Reacts with oxygen to

form rustform rust

DRAW IN NOTEBOOK DRAW IN NOTEBOOK

PhysicalPhysical Chemical Chemical

WoodWood

BikeBike

GasolineGasoline

PennyPenny

MentosMentos

Physical and Chemical Physical and Chemical ChangesChanges

Same or DifferentSame or Different

Physical ChangePhysical Change

Changes only the Changes only the physical propertyphysical property of the of the substancesubstanceAn example of a physical change occurs An example of a physical change occurs

when making a baseball bat. Wood is when making a baseball bat. Wood is carefully crafted into a shape which will allow carefully crafted into a shape which will allow a batter to best apply force on the ball. Even a batter to best apply force on the ball. Even though the wood has changed shape and though the wood has changed shape and therefore physical properties, the chemical therefore physical properties, the chemical nature of the wood has not been altered. The nature of the wood has not been altered. The bat and the original piece of wood are still the bat and the original piece of wood are still the same chemical substance. same chemical substance.

The material itself is the same before and after the change. The change CAN be “undone.”

Ice melting: an example of physical Ice melting: an example of physical changechange

Chemical ChangeChemical Change Occurs when one or more substances are Occurs when one or more substances are

changed into entirely NEW substanceschanged into entirely NEW substances They have different properties from the original They have different properties from the original

substancesubstance Some signs (or Some signs (or evidenceevidence) of chemical change ) of chemical change

are: are: a gas is produced, a gas is produced, the temperature changes, the temperature changes, a substance disappears, a substance disappears, a solid is formed a solid is formed a color change occurs, a color change occurs, a new odor is produced.a new odor is produced.

Examples of Physical and Examples of Physical and Chemical ChangesChemical Changes

Physical Changes Chemical Changes

Aluminum foil is cut in half. Milk goes sour.

Clay is molded into a new shape. Jewelry tarnishes.

Butter melts on warm toast. Toast is burnt

Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean. Rust forms on a nail left outside.

A juice box in the freezer freezes. Gasoline is ignited.

Rubbing alcohol evaporates on your hand. Hydrogen peroxide bubbles in a cut.

A stick is broke in two.Food scraps are turned into compost in a compost pile.

A window is shattered. A match is lit.

A car is wreckedYou take an antacid to settle your stomach.

Hair is cut Your body digests food.

More examplesMore examples

http://jcschools.net/write/sci/http://jcschools.net/write/sci/physchem_files/frame.htmphyschem_files/frame.htm

Summing it UpSumming it Up

Physical Change:Physical Change: The matter is the same.The matter is the same. The original matter can be recovered.The original matter can be recovered. The particles of the substance are rearranged.The particles of the substance are rearranged.

Chemical Change: Chemical Change: The matter is different. The matter is different. The old matter is no longer present. The old matter is no longer present. The original matter cannot be recovered. The original matter cannot be recovered.

Physical or Chemical Physical or Chemical Change?Change?

How do you know?How do you know?

(Fill in the sheet on page 66 for (Fill in the sheet on page 66 for these examples)these examples)

Physical or Chemical Change?Physical or Chemical Change?

http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/64/10/23051064.jpg

Burnt Toast


http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/64/10/23051064.jpg

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•the toast it burnt


http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=c7045675cf3c09dc71d6

http://www.andybrain.com/sciencelab/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/vinegar-and-baking-soda-after.jpg

Vinegar and Baking Soda


http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=c7045675cf3c09dc71d6

http://www.andybrain.com/sciencelab/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/vinegar-and-baking-soda-after.jpg

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•A gas is produced


http://www.uniongas.com/images/300px_meltingIce.jpg

Ice Melting


http://www.uniongas.com/images/300px_meltingIce.jpg

Physical•the process can be undone•hasn’t changed the chemicals

•still H2O


http://www.jthexport.co.uk/6inch_opt.jpg

Glowsticks


http://www.jthexport.co.uk/6inch_opt.jpg

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•energy is given off in the form of light


http://www.artsonia.com/museum/art.asp?id=67132&exhibit=11155&gallery=y

Bleach on Construction Paper


http://www.artsonia.com/museum/art.asp?id=67132&exhibit=11155&gallery=y

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•a substance disappears (color)•color change occurs


http://www.biologyhuman.com/files/page5_blog_entry35_1.png

Apples turn brown


http://www.biologyhuman.com/files/page5_blog_entry35_1.png

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•color change occurs


Alka-Seltzer and Water


Chemical •the process cannot be undone•a gas is produced•a substance disappears


Tarnished Penny

http://www.imaheatfan.com/catalog/36_1_b.JPG


http://www.imaheatfan.com/catalog/36_1_b.JPG

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•a color change occurs


http://www.oakworks.com/Oakworks-information/broken.jpg

Broken Pencil


http://www.oakworks.com/Oakworks-information/broken.jpg



Burned Paper

http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/AAexhibit/burnedpaper.jpg


http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/AAexhibit/burnedpaper.jpg

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•a substance has disappeared•a gas is produced•a color change occurs


http://www.virtual-meditation.com/files/1923950/uploaded/Candle.jpg

Burning Candle


http://www.virtual-meditation.com/files/1923950/uploaded/Candle.jpg

Chemical •the process cannot be undone•a substance has disappeared•heat is produced•a color change occurs


Torn Paper

http://www.sxc.hu/pic/m/n/n_/n_yfe/256011_torn_paper.jpg


http://www.sxc.hu/pic/m/n/n_/n_yfe/256011_torn_paper.jpg


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What is matter? Bellwork: Put a check next to each item on the sheet that you believe to be matter