What is Geoscience?

Ms. Girard

Geoscience

Legacy High School

2015-2016

Essential Question:

What is Geoscience? How does it affect the outside

world? Your Life?

Earth Science

Is any area of science that deals with the composition,

structure and events or processes that occur on the

earth.

The 4 Branches of Earth Science

The 4 Branches of Earth Science

The 4 Branches of Earth Science

The 4 Branches of Earth Science

Activity 1: Questions/Discussion1. What type of earth science are you

interested in and why?

2. If you were a geologist, oceanographer, astronomer, or other type of earth science scientist, what would you be studying? (Example: I would be studying volcanoes in Hawaii.)

Mapping and Map Types Pg.

9

Ms. Girard & Ms. StarkGeoscienceLegacy High School

What are maps and map types? How do they

affect society? Where are maps used and how

are they used?

Essential Question

Mappinga representation, usually on a flat surface, as of the features

of an area of the earth or a portion of the heavens, showing them in their

respective forms, sizes, and relationships according to

some convention of representation

How do we make maps?

Cartography- the science of map making.

Cartographers are scientists who make maps. They collect data from a lot of

source

Remote sensing—gathering and analyzing information about an object without physically touching it.

How do we make maps?

• Map projections –a flat map that represents the curved surface of the earth.

• The problem is that it is hard to transfer a curved surface to a flat format.

• Distortions always happen in map projections.

1. CylindricalA cylindrical projection is the most common type of map. Imagine placing a movie screen around a globe in a cylinder shape. The projection that results is shown in this image. Near the equator there is very little distortion. But, the closer you get to the poles, the more distorted the map is. In this ex. Greenland appears to be many times larger than it really is.

Map Projections

1. Cylindrical Map

A conic projection map is created by placing a cone shaped screen on a globe. The resulting projection is more accurate than the cylindrical projection map discussed above. However, the further we travel down the map, the more distorted and less accurate the map becomes.

2. Conical Map

Conical Map

3. Planar/Azimuthal

A plane projection is created by placing an imaginary screen directly above or below a globe. The image that would result is called a plane projection. This type of map projection is not commonly used.

Planar/Azimuthal

Parts of a map:1. Compass directions

2. Legend(key) = explanation of symbols

3. Scale(the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance)

Types of Maps

1. Road maps

2. Weather maps

3. Satellite maps

Satellite Image of Las Vegas

4. Geologic maps- rocks, faults and folds

Mapping Activity

Latitude & Longitude

Discussion

Have you ever been to any other continent other than North America?

If yes…

• What continent was it and how did you like it?

If no…

• What other continent would you like to visit and why?

Draw in equator. Label and include degrees.

Draw in Prime Meridian. Label and include degrees.

Draw in the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Label and include degrees.Draw in the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle. Label and include degrees.

Draw in the prime meridian. Label and include degrees.

Latitude/Longitude Pg. 11

• One of the Greeks’ primary contributions to oceanography and seafaring is the latitude/longitude system.−Latitude lines run east-west.

−Longitude lines run north-south.

−They are numbered in degrees, then minutes and seconds like time. (1degree=1/360 of earth)

Latitude Lines

Longitude Lines

Latitude/Longitude Map

• Attach the Latitude/longitude map and use it to answer these analysis questions.

1. What is the latitude and longitude of these points?

A B C D E F G H

2. Explain the steps you took to find the answers to question #1.

5. Topographic Maps Pg. 13

TopographyTopographic Maps-show the surface shape(topography) of the land.

−Uses lines called contour lines to connect areas of equal elevation(height above sea level).• Isogram-line on a map that represents constant or equal values.

−Contour interval-the difference in elevation between contour lines.

−Relief-the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point on the map.

• lines pointing inward indicate a decrease in elevation=going down!

• What is the contour interval?

• What is the relief?

Time Zones

Time Zones

one of the 24 regions or divisions of the globe

approximately coinciding with meridians at successive hours

from the observatory at Greenwich, England.

The Prime Meridian is the

meridian with a longitude of 0°.

It was adopted officially in 1884 as a

line from which longitude east and

west are measured and as a basis for

standardized time zones. It passes through Greenwich, England, home of the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The Observatory was founded in 1675 and closed except as a museum in 1998. The prime meridian, together with its opposite meridian(the International Date Line at 180°) divide the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

The International Date Line is the imaginary line on the Earth that separates two consecutive calendar days. That is the date in the Eastern hemisphere, to the left of the line, is always one day ahead of the date in the Western hemisphere. Without the International Date Line travelers going westward would discover that when they returned home, one day more than they thought had passed, even though they had kept careful tally of the days. Likewise, a person traveling eastward would find that one fewer days had elapsed than he had recorded.

The International Date Line can be anywhere on the globe. But it is most convenient to be 180° away from the Prime Meridian that goes through Greenwich, England. It also is fortunate that this area is covered, mainly, by empty ocean. However, there have always been zigs and zags in it to allow for local circumstances.

− If it is 7am in Las Vegas, what time is it in New York City? _____________________

− If it is 1pm in most of Texas, what time is it in Calif?_

OutTent Paragraph—use the following terms correctly in a short paragraph. Each term must be highlighted!!!

• Map

• Earth

• Cartography

• Model

• Remote sensing