What is Cognitive Radio?

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What is Cognitive Radio?

An Overview of Cognitive Radio Network Technology

November 2012

Solving the

Spectrum

Crisis



What Is Cognitive Radio?

Cognitive radio networks, like xG’s xMax system, represent an innovative approach to wireless engineering in which radios are designed with an unprecedented level of intelligence and agility

Cognitive radios are able to monitor, sense, and detect the conditions of their operating environment, and dynamically reconfigure their own characteristics to best match those conditions

Cognitive radio technology enables radio devices to use spectrum (i.e., radio frequencies) in entirely new and sophisticated ways



How Cognitive Radio Works

Using complex calculations, cognitive radios can identify potential impairments to communications quality in their environment, for example, interference, path loss, shadowing and multipath fading

They can then adjust their transmitting parameters, such as power output, frequency, and modulation to ensure an optimized communications experience for users



Conventional (“dumb”)Radios

Designed with the assumption that they were operating in interference-free spectrum

Unable to dynamically change parameters, channels or spectrum bands in response to interference

View congested radio spectrum as essentially unusable for communications due to heavy interference

Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios



Cognitive Radios

xMax cognitive radios have been engineered from the ground up to function in challenging conditions

Can view their environment in great detail, allowing them to quickly identify unused “gaps” in spectrum that are not being used

Can instantly find and tune to other spectrum if interference is detected on the frequencies being used (example - xMax samples, detects and determines if interference has reached unacceptable levels up to 33 times a second)




Cognitive radios can use frequencies and find available bandwidth where other radios can only see static

xMax uses Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) to identify spectrum not being used, detects and mitigates interference, locks on a signal, and sends/receives

Increases throughput and range while minimizing interference




Can access unused frequencies to extract more wireless bandwidth

“Sees through” the spectrum clutter, eliminates interference, and allows optimal use of licensed and unlicensed spectrum

Designed to be frequency agnostic – its cognitive “identify and utilize” spectrum sensing technology can be used to power radios in any frequency band

Is able to exploit both licensed and/or free unlicensed spectrum, i.e., delivers a solution to users who have spectrum, and those who do not

xMax Cognitive Radios Improve

Spectrum Efficiency



Why Cognitive Radio is Important

Demand for mobile data services is expected to outstrip network capacity by as early as 2013

U.S. commercial networks are operating at 80% of total capacity, with 26% at full capacity

Reclaiming and reallocating needed spectrum in traditional ways takes years and costs billions

Cognitive radio represents a technology solution to increasing spectrum capacity and utilization



Cognitive Radio Uses

Incumbent Wireless Carriers: allows incumbent wireless providers to dramatically increase capacity of their networks and reduce interference

Rural Broadband Telcos: can help independent local providers overcome the obstacle of high cost/scarcity of spectrum to deploying wireless in underserved rural markets

Department of Defense/Military Applications: satisfies the need for a mobile, interference-resistant, scalable, frequency agile, cost-efficient wireless system

Public Safety: provides resilience and continuity of operations in wireless-impaired environments that is NOT AVAILABLE from commercial wireless systems

Utilities/Smart Grids: provides an efficient means of measuring and reporting usage

Mobile Content Providers: gives content providers (Google, Facebook, etc.) control of their own content delivery systems

Cable Markets: allows operators without spectrum to have a competitive entry into the wireless market



Cognitive Radio in the News

"4G on the Baby Monitor Frequency" "Despite Calls for Spectrum Sharing,

Technological, Regulatory Questions

Linger"

"Companies Try to Create Room

on Radio Spectrum”

"Adaptive Radio: The Next Big Thing

in Wireless?"

“xMax Cognitive Radio System Brings

Hope to Rural Broadband”

"TV White Space Rules Open the Door

for Even More Innovation"

“Preparing the Pieces of Upcoming

Defense Communications”

“Military official: xG Technology

System a Potential Game Changer”

"Rural America's (other) Great

Broadband Hope”

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/429543/4g-on-the-baby-monitor-frequency/

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/429543/4g-on-the-baby-monitor-frequency/

http://www.bna.com/despite-calls-spectrum-n12884910468/




http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/07/technology/as-wireless-spectrum-is-squeezed-sharing-is-seen-as-solution.html?_r=1






http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-17/adaptive-radio-the-next-big-thing-in-wireless

http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-17/adaptive-radio-the-next-big-thing-in-wireless

http://www.mobilitytechzone.com/topics/4g-wirelessevolution/articles/2012/05/11/290003-xmax-cognitive-radio-system-brings-hope-rural-broadband.htm




http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com/special-reports/tv-white-space-rules-open-door-even-more-innovation



http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=2695&zoneid=40




http://urgentcomm.com/networks_and_systems/news/xmax-potential-game-changer-20111031





http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/18/rural-broadband/?iid=SF_F_LN





Macclenny, FL

Ft. Lauderdale, FL

Lewisville, AR

Urban/Suburban – Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Showcases xMax cognitive radio and interference mitigation technology delivering high-quality mobile voice and broadband data

Delivers traditional cellular range at less than 1/10 the transmission power

Transparent integration with common smartphones and laptops without using commercial cellular connection or data plans

Rural – Lewisville, Arkansas

Ongoing deployment trials with Townes Tele-Communications, Inc.

System demonstrated excellent range in low-noise areas

Meets need for cost-effective, high-performance wireless capability in under-served rural markets

Mixed – Macclenny, Florida

$3.3 million purchase order from Northeast Florida Telephone Co., Inc.

Allows NEFCOM to provide wireless voice and advanced broadband in Baker County

Delivers cost-effective modern service-suite to small community

xMax Cognitive Radio in Action: Commercial



Military - US Army - TX, NM, NJ ► Successfully completed initial trials with the US Army

With technicians in the Army Research Laboratory and in the hands of soldiers training in field exercises

► Conducted at

Battle Management Command in Fort Bliss, TX

Signal Center of Excellence in Fort Gordon, GA

Communications Electronics Research and Development Command (“CERDEC”) at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD

► Meets the need for extremely mobile, scalable, frequency agile, cost-efficient communications, with highly flexible deployment schemes for hostile electronic environments

“During a test, a military jammer managed to shut down all the Army’s

communications systems, except for the xG network’s xMax solution.”

Mike McCarthy, Dir. Operations, Fort Bliss, TX

White Sands, NM

xMax Cognitive Radio in Action: Military



Cognitive Radio: Experts’ Perspectives

“The only way to solve people’s need to communicate wirelessly is by new technology. You can’t create new spectrum. “ Dr. Martin Cooper, past president of Motorola and inventor of the cell phone

“xG has leading-edge products, solutions and capabilities in cognitive radio that solve a very real and growing concern. The explosive proliferation of bandwidth-consuming devices will only accelerate the need for the cognitive radio technology xG is pioneering.”

Jack Grubman, TMT Industry Expert. 2012

“Cognitive-radio technology from xG Technology is a ‘potential game changer’ in battlefield communications based on its flexible deployment model and ability to operate in spectral environments fraught with interference and targeted jamming.”

Mike McCarthy, Director of Operations, Brigade Modernization Command, CERDEC, 2011

“Unlike other cognitive radio systems currently being trialed, xMax features advanced inter-ference detection and avoidance capabilities designed to work around both intentional and unintentional interference.” Andrew Seybold, Mobile Wireless Consultant, 2011

“In areas with no cost-effective broadband coverage, xG has the ability to deploy a cost effective, full-function cellular system serving government and/or consumer communications needs and open new possibilities for operators.” Craig Mathias, International Expert in Wireless Communications, 2011

“There are no realistic alternatives to xMax for a business wishing to deploy a dedicated mobile network without owning a spectrum license.” PA Consulting Group Report, 2010



For additional information about xMax cognitive radio solutions, please contact:

xG Technology, Inc. 240 South Pineapple Ave., Suite 701 Sarasota, FL 34293 941.953.9035 www.xgtechnology.com www.xgtechnology.com/blog

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What is Cognitive Radio?