What is Assisted What is Assisted Reproduction Technology?Reproduction Technology?

Jessica GuerreroJessica Guerrero

What is ART?What is ART?

►Group of high tech treatment methods Group of high tech treatment methods to improve infertility.to improve infertility.

►Techniques includeTechniques include In Vitro FertilizationIn Vitro Fertilization Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination Gamete Intra-Fallopian TransferGamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer And many moreAnd many more

History of ARTHistory of ART

► 1978- first successful 1978- first successful birth using In Vitro birth using In Vitro FertilizationFertilization

► 1984- first successful 1984- first successful birth using Gamete birth using Gamete Intra Fallopian Intra Fallopian TransferTransfer

► 1986-first successful 1986-first successful birth using Zygote birth using Zygote Intra Fallopian Intra Fallopian TransferTransfer

What is Infertility? What is Infertility?

► Inability to conceive a baby after one Inability to conceive a baby after one year of unprotected intercourse.year of unprotected intercourse.

►Affects the reproductive organs of Affects the reproductive organs of both men and women.both men and women.

► Infertility affects about 15% of couples Infertility affects about 15% of couples in the United States.in the United States.

Factors Affecting ConceptionFactors Affecting Conception

► Production of healthy Production of healthy sperm sperm

► Healthy eggs by the Healthy eggs by the womanwoman

► Unblocked fallopian Unblocked fallopian tubestubes

► The ability for the sperm The ability for the sperm to fertilize the eggto fertilize the egg

► The ability for the The ability for the embryo to implant in embryo to implant in the uterusthe uterus

Causes of Infertility in Causes of Infertility in WomenWomen

► The older a woman is The older a woman is the higher her the higher her chances of becoming chances of becoming infertile.infertile.

► Ovulation disorderOvulation disorder► Blocked fallopian Blocked fallopian

tubes caused by a tubes caused by a pelvic inflammatory pelvic inflammatory disease or disease or endometriosis (a endometriosis (a condition that causes condition that causes adhesions and cysts).adhesions and cysts).

Causes of Infertility in MenCauses of Infertility in Men

► Azoospermia-lack of Azoospermia-lack of sperm productionsperm production

► Inability to ejaculate Inability to ejaculate normallynormally

► Varicocele- veins in the Varicocele- veins in the scrotum are enlarged scrotum are enlarged which can heat the which can heat the inside of the scrotum inside of the scrotum and can affect sperm and can affect sperm production.production.

► Teratospermia- Teratospermia- increased percentage increased percentage of abnormal shapesof abnormal shapes

StatisticsStatistics

► Infertility affects more than 15% of the Infertility affects more than 15% of the couples in the United States.couples in the United States.

► About one-third of infertility cases are About one-third of infertility cases are caused by male factors.caused by male factors.

► In about 20% of infertile couples the cause In about 20% of infertile couples the cause is unknown.is unknown.

► The remaining one-third of infertile cases is The remaining one-third of infertile cases is caused by a combination of factors in both caused by a combination of factors in both partners. partners.

► The chances of becoming pregnant The chances of becoming pregnant decreases 3-5% per year after the age of 30.decreases 3-5% per year after the age of 30.

Most Common Choices of Most Common Choices of TreatmentTreatment

► In Vitro FertilizationIn Vitro Fertilization► Artificial Artificial

InseminationInsemination► Frozen EmbryosFrozen Embryos►Gamete Intra Gamete Intra

Fallopian TransferFallopian Transfer► Zygote Intra Zygote Intra

Fallopian TransferFallopian Transfer

Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination

► Sperm is collected Sperm is collected and placed into a and placed into a woman’s vagina, woman’s vagina, cervical canal or in cervical canal or in the uterus.the uterus.

► Sperm can come Sperm can come from your partner or from your partner or an anonymous an anonymous donor.donor.

In-Vitro FertilizationIn-Vitro Fertilization

► A woman’s eggs are A woman’s eggs are removed from the removed from the ovary and mixed ovary and mixed with sperm in a with sperm in a laboratory. Then laboratory. Then once fertilized, the once fertilized, the embryos are placed embryos are placed into the woman’s into the woman’s uterus.uterus.

Gamete Intra-Fallopian TransferGamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer(GIFT)(GIFT)

► A mixture of a A mixture of a woman’s eggs and woman’s eggs and sperm are placed sperm are placed into the fallopian into the fallopian tube during a tube during a laparoscopy.laparoscopy.

►Once inserted, Once inserted, fertilization is fertilization is allowed to occur.allowed to occur.

Zygote Intra-Fallopian TransferZygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer(ZIFT)(ZIFT)

►Mixture of In Vitro Mixture of In Vitro Fertilization and Fertilization and Gamete Intra Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer.Fallopian Transfer.

► Fertilization takes Fertilization takes place outside the place outside the uterus and placed uterus and placed into the fallopian into the fallopian tubes.tubes.

Intra-Cytoplasmic Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm InjectionSperm Injection

► Sperm is injected Sperm is injected directly into the eggs directly into the eggs in a laboratory.in a laboratory.

► Used if infertility Used if infertility originates from the originates from the male such as:male such as: Low numbers of Low numbers of

spermsperm Severe TeratospermiaSevere Teratospermia

Frozen EmbryosFrozen Embryos

► Embryos may be Embryos may be taken from an taken from an individual and stored individual and stored for later use.for later use.

►Once ready to use, Once ready to use, they can be thawed they can be thawed and then placed into and then placed into the uterus.the uterus.

► This allows a higher This allows a higher chance of pregnancy.chance of pregnancy.

Selecting an ART ProgramSelecting an ART Program

►Qualifications and Qualifications and experience of the experience of the clinic and its clinic and its personnel.personnel.

► Support services Support services availableavailable

► CostCost► Success rates of Success rates of

that specific that specific programprogram

How Does this Affect Me?How Does this Affect Me?► Knowing your body, as well Knowing your body, as well

as taking care of your body as taking care of your body increases your chances of increases your chances of becoming pregnant. becoming pregnant.

► If you are considering having If you are considering having children in the future, the children in the future, the best thing to do is practice best thing to do is practice safe sex, take care of your safe sex, take care of your body and stay away from body and stay away from harmful contaminants such harmful contaminants such as smoking and other types as smoking and other types of drugs. of drugs.

► Fertility affects us all, male or Fertility affects us all, male or female and attending the female and attending the doctor regularly can increase doctor regularly can increase your chances of becoming your chances of becoming pregnant in the future.pregnant in the future.

Works CitedWorks Cited► ““Age and Female Fertility.”2006. American Fertility Association. 8 March 2006. Age and Female Fertility.”2006. American Fertility Association. 8 March 2006.

http://theafa.org/faqs/afa_ageandfemaleinfertility.htmlhttp://theafa.org/faqs/afa_ageandfemaleinfertility.html► ““Assisted Reproductive Techonologies.” Assisted Reproductive Techonologies.” Society for Assisted Reproductive TechnologySociety for Assisted Reproductive Technology. .

2005. 8 March 2006. <http://www.sart.org>2005. 8 March 2006. <http://www.sart.org>► ““Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A guide for Patients.” Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A guide for Patients.” United States Department of United States Department of

Health & Human Services.Health & Human Services. 2003. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 8 March 2003. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 8 March 2006. http://asrm.org/Patients/patientechnologybooklets/Art.pdf2006. http://asrm.org/Patients/patientechnologybooklets/Art.pdf

► ““Embryo Freezing.” IVF-Infertility.com. 15 October 2005. 8 March 2006. http://www.ivf-Embryo Freezing.” IVF-Infertility.com. 15 October 2005. 8 March 2006. http://www.ivf-infertility.com/ivf/frozen.phpinfertility.com/ivf/frozen.php

► Insemination. 1 March 2005, Home ed., InfoTrac. College of the Sequoias Library, Visalia, Insemination. 1 March 2005, Home ed., InfoTrac. College of the Sequoias Library, Visalia, CA. 1 March 1999.CA. 1 March 1999.

► The Reproductive System. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, c2004The Reproductive System. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, c2004► ““Male Infertility.” Familydoctor.org. 3 March 2005. American Academy of Family Male Infertility.” Familydoctor.org. 3 March 2005. American Academy of Family

Physicians. 8 March 2006. http://familydoctor.org/766.xmlPhysicians. 8 March 2006. http://familydoctor.org/766.xml► Understanding Fertility and Infertility: The Sourcebook for Reproductive Problems, Understanding Fertility and Infertility: The Sourcebook for Reproductive Problems,

Treatments and Issues. New York: CheckmarkBooks.c2003Treatments and Issues. New York: CheckmarkBooks.c2003► ““What is Infertility?” Frequently Asked Questions About Infertility. 2006. American What is Infertility?” Frequently Asked Questions About Infertility. 2006. American

Society for Reproductive Medicine. 8 March Society for Reproductive Medicine. 8 March 2006.http://www.asrm.org/Patients/faqs.html#Q1:2006.http://www.asrm.org/Patients/faqs.html#Q1:

► Wisot, Arthur L et. Al. Conceptions & Misconceptions: The Informed Consumer’s Guide Wisot, Arthur L et. Al. Conceptions & Misconceptions: The Informed Consumer’s Guide through the Maze of In Vitro Fertilization and other Assisted Reproduction Techniques.through the Maze of In Vitro Fertilization and other Assisted Reproduction Techniques.

► ““Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer.” Pregnancyinfo.net. 2005. 8 March 2006. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer.” Pregnancyinfo.net. 2005. 8 March 2006. http://www.pregnancy-info.net/infertility_medical_options_zift.htmlhttp://www.pregnancy-info.net/infertility_medical_options_zift.html