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What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

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Page 1: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,
Page 2: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

What is an Ombudsman?

A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially, and confidentially with a high degree of accountability.

A common and current definition of a parliamentary ombudsman is described as “a public official appointed by the legislature to receive and investigate citizen complaints against administrative acts of government”.

Also known as public, legislative or

classical Ombuds. Other types of Ombuds include:

executive (public or private sector); organizational (can be in public and private sector); academic; or hybrid.

Page 3: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

“Ombudsman” a gender neutral Swedish word that translates into

“Citizen’s Representative”

Defensor del Pueblo LATIN AMERICA

Médiateur de la République FRANCE, GABON, MAURITANIA, SENEGAL

Public Protector SOUTH AFRICA

Volksanwaltschaft AUSTRIA

Public Complaints Commissioner NIGERIA

Provedor de Justica PORTUGAL

Investigator-General ZAMBIA

Wafaqi Mohtasib PAKISTAN

Lokayukta INDIA

Control Yuan CHINA

The People’s Advocate ALBANIA

Chancellor of Justice ESTONIA

Ouvidor BRAZIL

Difensore Civico ITALY

What’s in a name?

Page 4: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Investigate complaints against various government agencies: • Provincial • Municipal • Territorial

• Corrections • Specialty areas, e.g. language rights

Classical / Legislative / Citizen’s Representative

Page 5: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

The Forum of Canadian Ombudsman (FCO) was formed in 2000 and has over 450 members providing a national network for all Ombudsmen sectors.

Did you know?

Page 6: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Provide confidential and independent assistance to students and faculty with concerns affecting studies and workplace. • Universities • Colleges

Academic Ombudsmen:

Page 7: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

The Association of Canadian Colleges and Universities Ombudspersons (ACCUO) was formed in 1983 and has 45 members representing 25 universities and 8 colleges across Canada.

Did you know?

Page 8: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Organizational / Corporate Ombudsman

• Insurance • Utilities • Retail

Offer employees/consumers access to a fair, impartial confidential process for addressing workplace/consumer concerns. • Banking • Health • Telecom

Page 9: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

King Charles the XII of Sweden was appointed in 1697. Concerned that his subjects wouldn’t be treated fairly when he went off to war, he created the “King’s Highest Ombudsman”.

In the beginning…

Page 10: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Lars Augustin Mannerheim was appointed as Sweden’s first parliamentary Ombudsman.

Fast forward to 1809…

Page 11: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

In 1965, Simon Fraser University appointed their first university Ombudsman

The Office of the Ombudsperson is jointly funded by the Simon Fraser Student Society (SFSS), Graduate Student Society at Simon Fraser University (GSS), and Simon Fraser University (SFU).

Meanwhile in Canada…

Page 12: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

April 7, 1967, George B. McClellan, commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, was selected as Alberta’s first Ombudsman by a special committee reporting to the legislature. The $20k a-year job, made Mr. McClellan the first provincial Ombudsman in Canada.

From Mountie to Provincial Ombudsman

Page 13: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

1967 Alberta and New Brunswick 1968 Québec (Le Protecteur du Citoyen) 1970 Manitoba 1971 Nova Scotia 1973 Saskatchewan

Parliamentary Ombudsman expand from sea to sea to sea…

Page 14: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

1975 Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador 1979 British Columbia 1996 Yukon 2014 the Northwest Territories legislative assembly voted in favour of drafting legislation for a Provincial Ombudsman To date, Prince Edward Island and Nunavut do not have an Ombudsman

Parliamentary Ombudsman expand from sea to sea to sea…

Page 15: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

More Modern Times… (to name just a few)

1970 Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

1975 University of Toronto Ombudsperson

1992 Office of the Correctional Investigator

1997 Ryerson University Ombudsperson

1997 Canadian Ski Patrol Association (Ontario Division)

1999 Canadian Franchise Ombudsman

2003 York University

2006 407 ETR

2007 Veteran’s Ombudsman

2007 Office of the Federal Ombudsman for Victims of Crime

2008 University of British Columbia

2008 Tarion Ombudsperson

…what does the future hold? Beer Ombudsman?

Page 16: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

• Independence • Impartiality • Fairness • Confidentiality • Credibility

What do all Ombudsmen have in common?

Page 17: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Independence

Visibly independent in purpose, administration and decision-making, from the institution / organization / government administration about which it has the mandate to receive complaints.

Serves only in this one capacity within the institution / organization / government administration and should not have any decision making role therein. Information regarding the Ombudsman’s mandate, sources of funding, method of appointment and reporting rules are publicly available.

What do all Ombudsmen have in common?

Page 18: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Impartiality

Reviews all information in an objective manner and without bias. Remains impartial and unaligned, in fact and perception and acts only to identify and address fairness concerns.

Shall not engage in any activity which could possibly lead to a possible conflict of interest. If any such situation arises, the Ombudsman shall immediately declare it and refrain from intervening in any way with regard to the situation or file.

What do all Ombudsmen have in common?

Page 19: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Fairness

Ombudsman’s conduct is rooted in the principles of fairness and natural justice and acts accordingly.

Fairness is considered to be a factor of process, interpersonal relations and outcome. Ombudsman pursues resolution of conflict using the approach that is appropriate to the circumstances, taking into account the relevant law and regulations, the general principles of good administration and good practice, professional standards and any relevant Code of conduct that may apply.

What do all Ombudsmen have in common?

Page 20: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Confidentiality

Ombudsmen holds in confidence all private communications, documents and other information received in the course of his/her interventions subject, however, to the needs of the investigation/intervention and the requirements of the law.

The extent and limits of his/her confidentiality duty shall be clearly explained. Shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard confidentiality and vigorously resist attempts to compel disclosure of such information, in any judicial or administrative hearing or inquiry.

What do all Ombudsmen have in common?

Page 21: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Credibility

Ombudsman shall act in good faith, his/her behaviour and mode of operation shall be such as to strengthen the integrity and effectiveness of the Ombudsman process.

Shall act so as to be recognized and respected by other members of the Ombudsman community and by the constituents who are served. The Ombudsman reports on its activities and on how the resolution of disputes is undertaken in whatever forum is appropriate given the circumstances, so as to promote transparency and accountability.

What do all Ombudsmen have in common?

Page 22: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

FCO Statement of Ethical Principles

• All of the foregoing definitions are taken from the FCO Statement of Ethical Principles (2014)

• Online at: http://www.ombudsmanforum.ca/en/?page_id=157/

Page 23: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Regardless of title or sector Ombudsmen promote and protect fairness in the design and delivery of the services they offer.

It is not always simple and it does not always

mean that everyone gets the exact same thing. Although there is no single answer, the

Ombudsman role can contribute to a high level of administrative fairness irrespective of how the role is founded as long as the prerequisites of independence, impartiality, confidentiality and commitment to contributing to an ethos of fairness are explicit in its design.

In closing…

Page 24: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Thank you to our hosts…

… looking forward to the next 50 years!

Page 25: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Sources of information

• Forum of Canadian Ombudsman (FCO) • Association of Canadian College and University

Organization (ACCUO) • International Ombudsman Institute (IOI) • International Ombudsman Association (IOA) • The Nature of Inquisitorial Processes in Administrative

Regimes Global Perspectives (Jacobs and Baglay 2013) • www.wikipedia.org

Page 26: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,
Page 27: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Qu’est-ce qu’un ombudsman?

Un spécialiste de la résolution des différends qui aide à résoudre des plaintes dans le respect de l’équité et de manière indépendante, impartiale et confidentielle.

Une définition commune et courante d'un ombudsman parlementaire est décrit comme «un fonctionnaire nommé par le législateur pour recevoir et examiner les plaintes des citoyens à l’égard d’actes administratifs du gouvernement". Aussi connu comme ombudsman publique, législative ou classique. Il existe également des ombudsmans organisationnels (du secteur public ou privé) ou au sein des collèges et universités.

Page 28: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

“Ombudsman” est un mot suèdois neutre qui signifie le “représentant

du citoyen”

Defensor del Pueblo AMÉRIQUE LATINE

Médiateur de la République FRANCE, GABON, MAURITANIE, SÉNÉGAL

Public Protector AFRIQUE DU SUD

Volksanwaltschaft AUTRICHE

Public Complaints Commissioner NIGER

Provedor de Justica PORTUGAL

Investigator-General ZAMBIE

Wafaqi Mohtasib PAKISTAN

Lokayukta INDE

Control Yuan CHINE

The People’s Advocate ALBANIE

Chancellor of Justice ESTONIE

Ouvidor BRÉSIL

Difensore Civico ITALIE

Que signifie “ombudsman”?

Page 29: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Enquête à l’égard de comportements impliquant divers organismes gouvernementaux. • Provincial • Municipal • Territorial

• Services correctionnels • Secteurs spécialisés (ex. Langue)

Classique/ Législatif / Représentant du citoyen

Page 30: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Le Forum canadien des ombudsmans (FCO) a été créé en 2000 et a plus de 450 membres qui pratiquent dans des secteurs variées au Canada.

Saviez-vous?

Page 31: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Offre un support confidentiel et indépendant aux étudiants et aux facultés qui vivent des difficultés impliquant les études et le travail. • Universités • Collèges

Ombudsmans des collèges et universités

Page 32: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

L’Association des ombudsmans des universités et collèges (AOUCC) a été créée en 1983 et a 45 membres provenant de 25 universités et 8 collèges à travers le Canada.

Saviez-vous?

Page 33: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Ombudsmans organisationnels

• Assurance • Services • Biens

Offre aux employés/consommateurs un accès à un processus équitable, impartial et confidentiel pour des enjeux impliquant le travail ou des biens et services

• Banques • Santé • Télécommunication

Page 34: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Charles XII de Suède est consacré roi en 1697. Préoccupé par le traitement que ses sujets recevraient pendant qu’il était parti en guerre, il créa un “ombudsman”.

A tout début…

Page 35: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Lars Augustin Mannerheim fût le premier ombudsman parlementaire suèdois.

Plus tard en 1809…

Page 36: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

En 1965, l’Université Simon Fraser créait le tout premier ombudsman au Canada.

Le Bureau de l’ombudsman était créé conjointement par la fédération étudiante (“SFSS”), la fédération des étudiants gradués (“GSS”) et l’Université Simon Fraser. (SFU).

Pendant ce temps au Canada…

Page 37: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Le 7 avril 1967, George B. McClellan, alors commissaire pour la Gendarmerie royale du Canada, était choisi pour devenir le premier ombudsman de la province d’Alberta par un comité spécial relevant du pouvoir législatif. Avec un salaire de 20,000$ par année, M. McClellan devenait le premier ombudsman provincial du Canada.

De la Gendarmerie royale à ombudsman provincial

Page 38: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

1967 Alberta et Nouveau-Brunswick 1968 Québec (Le Protecteur du Citoyen) 1970 Manitoba 1971 Nouvelle-Écosse 1973 Saskatchewan

D’autres ombudsmans parlementaires ont vu le jour au Canada…

Page 39: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

1975 Ontario, Terre-Neuve et Labrador 1979 Colombie-Britannique 1996 Yukon 2014L’assemblée législative des Territoires du Nord-

Ouest votait en faveur de la création d’un ombudsman

À ce jour, seuls l’Ile-du-Prince-Edouard et le Nunavut n’ont pas d’ombudsman.

D’autres ombudsmans parlementaires ont vu le jour au Canada…

Page 40: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Plus près de nous… (pour en nommer quelques-uns)

1970 Commissariat aux langues officielles

1975 Ombudsman de l’Université de Toronto

1992 Bureau de l’enquêteur correctionnel

1997 Ombudsman de l’Université Ryerson

1997 Association des patrouilleurs de ski (Ontario)

1999 Ombudsman des franchises canadiennes

2003 Ombudsman de l’Université York

2006 407 ETR (Route 407)

2007 Ombudsman des vétérans

2007 Bureau de l’ombudsman fédéral des victimes d’actes criminels

2008 Ombudsman de l’Université de Colombie-Britannique

…que nous réserve le futur? Un ombudsman de la bière?

Page 41: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

• Indépendance • Impartialité • Équité • Confidentialité • Crédibilité

Qu’est-ce que les ombudsmans ont en commun?

Page 42: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Indépendance

L’ombudsman doit être indépendant de l'organisation, l'institution ou l’administration gouvernementale à l’égard de laquelle il a le mandat de recevoir les plaintes quant à son rôle, son administration et sa prise de décision. .

L’ombudsman ne doit occuper que ce seul rôle au sein de l'organisation ou de l’administration gouvernementale. L’information concernant le mandat de l’ombudsman, les sources de financement, son mode de nomination et ses obligations de faire rapport sont accessibles au public.

Qu’est-ce que les ombudsmans ont en commun?

Page 43: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Impartialité

L’ombudsman analyse toute l'information d'une manière objective et sans parti pris. Il reste impartiale et neutre à l’égard des faits et des perceptions et agit afin de rétablir les situations d’injustice ou d’iniquités.

L’ombudsman ne doit pas se livrer à des activités qui pourraient le placer en situation de conflits d'intérêts. Si une telle situation se présente, l'ombudsman doit le déclarer immédiatement et ne pas intervenir d’aucune façon à l'égard de la situation ou du dossier.

Qu’est-ce que les ombudsmans ont en commun?

Page 44: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Équité

La conduite de l’ombudsman prend sa source dans les principes d'équité et de justice naturelle et il doit agir en lien avec ces principes.

L'équité est un élément qui s’apprécie à l’égard du processus, des relations interpersonnelles et des résultats. L’ombudsman s’implique dans la résolution des différends en utilisant l'approche qui est appropriée aux circonstances, en tenant compte de la loi, des règlements pertinents, des principes généraux de bonne administration et de bonnes pratiques, des normes professionnelles et des codes de conduite applicables.

Qu’est-ce que les ombudsmans ont en commun?

Page 45: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Confidentialité

L’ombudsman préserve la confidentialité de toutes les communications privées, documents et autres renseignements reçus au cours de ses interventions, sous réserve, toutefois, des besoins de l'enquête et de l’intervention et les exigences de la loi.

L'étendue et les limites du devoir de confidentialité doivent être clairement expliquées. L’ombudsman doit prendre toutes les mesures raisonnables pour protéger la confidentialité et résister vigoureusement à toute tentative pour l’obliger à divulguer des informations, devant toute audience, enquête judiciaire ou administrative.

Qu’est-ce que les ombudsmans ont en commun?

Page 46: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Crédibilité

L’ombudsman doit agir de bonne foi. Son comportement et son mode de fonctionnement doivent être de nature à renforcer l'intégrité et l'efficacité de ses interventions.

L’ombudsman doit agir de manière à être reconnu et respecté par les personnes qu’il dessert et ses pairs. L’ombudsman rend compte de ses activités et sur la façon dont il résout les différends, de manière à promouvoir la transparence et l’imputabilité.

Qu’est-ce que les ombudsmans ont en commun?

Page 47: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Énoncé des principes éthiques du FCO

• Toutes les définitions proviennent de l’Énoncé des principes éthiques du FCO (2014)

• Sur Internet: http://www.ombudsmanforum.ca/fr/?page_id=157/

Page 48: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Indépendamment de son titre ou de son secteur d’intervention, l’ombudsman doit promouvoir et protéger l'équité dans le cadre de toutes ses interventions. Le rôle d’ombudsman peut contribuer à préserver un haut niveau d'équité administrative, compte tenu des conditions d'indépendance, d'impartialité, de confidentialité à respecter.

En conclusion…

Page 49: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Merci…

…longue vie au rôle d’ombudsman!

Page 50: What is an Ombudsman? · What is an Ombudsman? A specialist in dispute resolution who assists with the resolution of complaints in a fair manner and operates independently, impartially,

Sources d’information

Forum canadien des ombudsmans (FCO) Association des ombudsmans des universités et collèges du Canada (AOUCC) Institut international de l’ombudsman (IIO) International Ombudsman Association (IOA) The Nature of Inquisitorial Processes in Administrative Regimes Global Perspectives (Jacobs and Baglay 2013) www.wikipedia.org