What is a suffix?

• A suffix is a word part that is added to the end of a word. Sometimes it changes the meaning of a word and its part of speech.

Suffix -ed

• The suffix –ed is added to verbs (action words) to place the action in the past.

(For example: Today I clean, yesterday I cleaned the house.)

-ed has three sounds.

If a base word ends in the sound /d/or /t/, adding -ed makes another syllable that says /ed/ and is pronounced as an extra syllable. For example: faintED

Some regular past tense words that say /ed/

acted frosted

added shouted

ended avoided

painted started

crowded counted

started floated

pointed landed

sounded printed

-ed says /d/• If the base word ends in a voiced consonant sound, the

ending ed says /d/ (For example: arrive/arrived; waved is pronounced /wayvd/)

• The -ed ending is not pronounced as an extra syllable.

Some regular past tense words that say /d/

called crawled

yelled destroyed

stayed screamed

rained allowed

screamed yelled

spelled frowned

learned enjoyed

failed listened

-ed says /t/If the base word ends in an unvoicedconsonant sound, the ending -ed says /t/(jumped). Unvoiced consonant soundsare c, ch, f, gh, k, ks, p, s, sh, t...etc– the –ed sound sounds like /t/ and is notpronounced as an extra syllable. (Forexample: forced – pronounced /forst/)

Some regular past tense words that say /t/

asked wished

helped walked

packed mixed

laughed cracked

passed dressed

forced fixed

licked bumped

thanked jumped

Add –ed to a regular verb

The most common spelling characteristicof the regular past tense of a verb is that -ed is added to the base form of the verb:for example, opened, knocked, stayed, etc.

(Examples of irregular verbs are go, went, gone. We will learn these later).

*note: Words ending in w,x,y,z do not follow this rule, simply add ED, Examples: snow > snowed

One-syllable words: If the word ends in a CVC pattern, it gets a double consonant + ED. Examples: rub – rubbedstop - stopped

Two-syllable words:•If the stress is on the first syllable, the word only gets one consonant + ED.Examples: visit – visitedopen – opened•If the stress is on the second syllable, the word gets a double consonant + ED.Examples: refer – referredadmit - admitted

Rule 1: Words ending with a C-V-C Pattern

Rule 2: Words ending in E

If the word ends in E, simply add DExamples: smile – smiledfine - fined

Rule 3: Words ending in Y

Consonant + Y If the word ends in Y, and has a consonant before it, change the y to i and add ed.Examples: study – studiedmarry - marriedVowel + YIf the word ends in Y, and has a vowel before it, simply add ED.Examples: play – playedstay - stayed

Rule 4: Other words...

Words ending in two vowels + a consonant If the word ends in two vowels + a consonant, simply add ED.Examples: dream -dreamedrain - rained

Words ending in a double consonant:If the word ends in a double consonant, simply add ED.Examples: park -parkedearn- earned