What exactly is a mutated gene? Nope, thats not it. Mutations Change in genetic material Some have little effect on gene expression or protein function. Some have a large effect. Harmful mutations may cause cancers or genetic disorders. Good mutations might make altered proteins which would be beneficial in different or changing environments. (Lead to evolution/natural selection) Types of Mutations Gene Mutation (Point Mutation) changes in one or a few nucleotides. Chromosomal Mutation changes in number or structure of entire chromosome Comic Book Mutation completely unrealistic mutation that takes place in comic books and movies. Examples of Point Mutations Substitution Change of one base to another. Usually only changes one amino acid in final protein. Examples of Point Mutations Insertion Addition of 1 or more bases in nucleotide sequence. Causes frameshift Deletion Removal of 1 or more bases. Causes frameshift Types of Mutations The, Dog, Car, Arm, Red