BELLWORK 3/28

• What does a stalemate mean?

a contest, dispute, competition, etc., in which neither side can gain an advantage or win

THE WAR BREAKS OUT

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3/28 War Breaks Out 31

EQ: How did World War I unfold?

THE WAR BREAKS OUT

1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria visited Bosnian capital on June 28,1914

.2. 7 assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group, plot against him

A) ASSASSINATION of the ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND

3. 19-year-old Gavrilo Principshot the Archduke and his wife, Sophie

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS

B) AUSTRIA-HUNGARY’S ULTIMATUM

1. Germany gave “blank check” of military support to Austria-Hungary

2. Serbia refuses to let Austria-Hungary’s officials run an investigation in Serbia

3. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914

- Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary

4. Within one week, almost all of Europe plunged into war:- Germany declares war on Russia and France- Britain declares war on Germany

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS

C) Schlieffen Plan, August 1914-German invasion of France through Belgium

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?

- Resistance in Belgium

- British Expeditionary Force (BEF)

- Advanced too quickly for soldiers and supply lines

- Eastern Front drew troops

- First Battle of the Marne, 6-12 September 1914-Culmination of German Advance-led to trench warfare

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS

D) Trench Warfare

- machine guns- rapid-firing artillery- Foxholes- Trenches- Muck- Rats- Poison gas

“The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, their eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful. Fatally injured victims sometimes took four or five weeks to die of mustard gas exposure”

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

TRENCH FOOT

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS

Schneider Obusiers de 520. This French 520mm (20.5 in) howitzer was

the biggest gun of the Great War. It could deliver a 3,100 lb shell (600 lbs

of explosive) over 10 miles. The gun car was just under 100 feet long and

weighed 290 tons.

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

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BELLWORK 3/30

• What does a stalemate mean?

a contest, dispute, competition, etc., in which neither side can gain an advantage or win

Date Title Page #

3/28 War Breaks Out (Continuing from Tues) 31

PROCESS

E) Total War

Lack of clear and achievable war aims

No sacrifice too great (as opposed to limited war)

Whole societies mobilized (prepared) for war

Industrialized countries could wage war, seemingly indefinitely

Key: Armaments and uniform production

Costly: e.g. Germany 1914: 36 million $/day (five times 1870)

1918: 146 million/day

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

All countries involved in the war applied the full force of industrial mass-production to the manufacture of weapons and ammunition.

Women on the home-front played a crucial role in this by working in munitions factories. This complete mobilization of a nation's resources, or "total war" meant that not only the armies, but also the economies of the warring nations were in competition.

Total War

Attrition: gradually wearing someone or something down. Outlast the enemy

For a time, in 1914-1915, some hoped that the war could be won through an attrition of resources - the enemy's supply of artillery shells could be exhausted in futile exchanges.

The war of attrition then focused on another resource: human lives.

In the Battle of Verdun in particular, German Chief of Staff Erich Von Falkenhayn hoped to "bleed France white" through repeated attacks on this French city.

In the end, the war ended through a combination of attrition of men and resources, advances on the battlefield, arrival of American troops in large numbers, and a breakdown of morale and productivity on the German home-front due to an effective naval blockade of her seaports.

F) War of Attrition

G) Massive death

- 337,000 German soldiers lost

- 377,000 French soldiers lost

- French “won”

Battle of Verdun

Battle of the Somme

420,000 British casualties

200,000 French casualties

About 500,000 German casualties

British and French gained 7 miles

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

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WW1 Casualties

World War 1 Casualties

Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Casualties

G) Massive deathover 30 million dead or wounded in battle

PROCESS

H) America Enters

Zimmerman Telegram – Germany attemptedto ally with Mexico against US

Submarine warfare took lives of many Americans –sinking of Lusitania

Declared War 1917

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS

I) RUSSIAN withdrawal and REVOLUTION WWI Exposed Russia’s economic

weaknesses

People revolted against the Czar, the army backed the people

Vladimir Lenin and Bolsheviks formed a communist government and overthrew provisional government in 1917 (October Revolution)

“peace, bread, and land”

Signed harsh peace treaty with Germany (Brest-Litovsk)

Allies upset, unsuccessfully helped opposition forces fight against communism

EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?

PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?