Upload
verena
View
44
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
What are the Roles of Pressure Groups?. Presenter: 张少媚 Number27,class6. The roles of pressure groups in Britain and China. In Britain 1 Definition of pressure groups 2 Classification of pressure groups ( two ways to classify pressure groups) and functions 3 Advantages - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
What are the Roles of What are the Roles of Pressure Groups?Pressure Groups?
Presenter: 张少媚 Number27,class6
The roles of pressure groups The roles of pressure groups in Britain and Chinain Britain and China
In Britain 1 Definition of pressure groups 2 Classification of pressure groups ( two
ways to classify pressure groups) and functions
3 Advantages 4 DisadvantagesThe situation in China and my personal
opinion
In BritainIn Britain Definition of pressure groups Definition of pressure groups
“interest group”,”lobby group”,”protest group”
An organized group that does not put up candidate for election,but seeks to influence government policy or legislation.
Aims:to influence the people who have power to make decisions.
Represent and a variety of interest
Classification of pressure Classification of pressure groupsgroups
One way to classify pressure groups is based on aims.They are promotional groups and sectional groups.
Promotional groups : 1 Aim to promote a particular cause,(also called ‘cause’ gro
ups ) 2Examples:Shelter,CND,Greenpeace 3Suported by everybody,regardless of profession or economic pos
ition 4Some have few members but a great deal of influence (e.g. Liber
ty) some have many members but little influence(e.g.CND)
Sectional group: 1Seek to represent the common interest
of a particular section of society 2membership restricted 3stand to gain personally or
economically 4Examples:Trade Union,NUT,BMA
In “pressure groups,politics and democracy in Britain”(Philip Allan,1989),Wyn Grant,classify pressure groups based on their status and methods.He called them insider groups and outsider groups.
Insider groups: 1have strong links with decision makers an
d are regularly consulted 2considered to be legitimate and have access to
decision-makers(example) 3abide by “the rules of the game” 4government can have a reliable represe
ntative who gathers locals opinions
outsider groups: 1Work outside the governmental
decision making progress 2resort to illegal methods,endangering
their life and disobeying the law
Methods used to draw Methods used to draw attentionattention
Low cost actions Choosing to read/view political items in the media. Talking about political subjects in the family Voting Talking in public places about politics Signing petitions consumer boycott Attending political meetings Financial contribution to party or cause
Strike over pay or working conditions Personally lobbying politicians Taking part in peaceful demonstrations Being active in theorganisation of a party pr
otest group. High cost actionsViolent protests Trespassing Vandalism
AdvantagesAdvantages---also the important role of ---also the important role of
British politicsBritish politics serve as vital intermediary institutions between
government and society; assist in the dispersal of political power; and provide important counterweights to balance the concentration of power.
enable new concerns and issues to reach the political agenda, thereby facilitating social progress and preventing social stagnation. (e.g. the women’s and environmentalist movements)
increase social cohesion and political stability by providing a ‘safety-valve’ outlet for individual and collective grievances and demands.
assist the surveillance of the government , improve the accountability of decision makers to electorates.
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
improve participation, but in an unequal way Few groups have procedures for consulting
their members may be ignored if they do not confirm with the
ideology or agenda of the decision makers. some groups operate increases social
discontent and political instability by intensifying the sense of social frustration and injustice
The situation in China and my The situation in China and my personal opinionpersonal opinion
Hong Kong: Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese
Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade Unions (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Federation of Trade Unions (pro-China) [LEE Chark-tim, president]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG Man-kwong, president]; Liberal Democratic Federation [HU Fa-kuang, chairman
Macau:Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop];
Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
China:no substantial political opposition groups ex
ist, although the government has identified the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals
But at the moment or for a long time,it is impossible for China to have pressure groups.As the official in China believe,such organizations as “Four gangs”,Falungong sect have a great bad influence on the Chinese government and its people.They are very sensitive to such organizations,to say nothing of pressure groups.But pressure groups do have its strengths.We should not overemphasize the disadvantages and ignore the advantages.
In my own opinion,pressure In my own opinion,pressure groups should exist in Chinagroups should exist in China
China is trying to build a wealthy,democratic and civilized society,it should listen to different views.
Non-biased decision can be reachedImportant issues be raised and discussed Pressure groups represent
sectional public interest
help to provide checks on the government to see if they are in balance with their ongoing activities
the law can be changed to reflect the views of the public
makes government more efficient, the information and advice provided by groups helps to improve the quality of government policy and legislation.
Some people may doubt violent pressure groups will disturbing balance and order in China.How to
avoid such things happen?
Resort to peaceful protestingHave social cohesionUsing police to maintain the orderStrengthen the publicity of education
Suitable ways to influence the Suitable ways to influence the governmentgovernment
Campaigning and peaceful pressure are the best way to influence the government.
Using media,broadcasting their views on air.collecting a petition to conduct their own research and
surveys then publish the results in newspapers, TV and radio.
conclusionconclusion
China is not as developed as Britain,no matter the level of people’s civilization and social system.But China can do its best to optimize the social system .Pressure groups can exist in China to help to fulfill its people’s wishes and protect their interest.Owing to the situation in our country, China still has a long way to go.
Referencewww.google.comwww.bbc.co.ukwww.yahoo.com<< 英国社会 >>
Thank you for joining me!