MINERALS

What are minerals?

If the word "mineral" makes you think of rocks, you're right! Minerals are substances like calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc that are found in rocks and the soil. They also are needed for optimal nutrition. There are 16 different minerals that are known to be needed in our diets. Several other minerals may be needed in very small amounts.

• MACRO-MINERALS: more quantity

• MICRO-MINERALS: LESS QUANTITY

TYPES OF MINERALS...

MACRO MINERALS MICRO- MINERALS

Sodium Iron

Potassium Zinc

Chloride Iodide

Calcium Selenium

Phosphorus Copper

Magnesium Fluoride

Sulfur Chromium

Manganese

TYPES OF MINERALS...

MINERALS COMPLETE OUR

DIET…

SOURCES OF MINERALS

MINERALS SOURCESIRON red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs

IODINE iodized salt, seafood, etc.

CALCIUM dairy products, egg, green leafy vegetables, etc.

PHOSPHORUS cheese, meat, cereal, etc.

FUNCTIONS,

IMPORTANCE,

DEFICIENCY &

EXCESS...

CALCIUM- MACROMINERAL• Important for healthy bones and

teeth; helps muscles relax and contract; important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health

• Deficiency- weak bones and teeth• Excess- renal insufficiency, increased

calcium excretion in urine and kidney stones

PHOSPHOROUS- MACROMINERAL• Important for healthy bones and

teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance

• DEFICIENCY- painful bones and breathlessness

• Excess- interferes with calcium absorption, leads to removal of calcium from the bones leading to weak bones, increased risk of heart diseases.

IRON- MICROMINERAL• Part of a molecule

hemoglobin found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body; needed for energy metabolism

• Deficiency- Anemia• Excess –can cause

premature aging, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, liver damage, heart disease and brain disorders

IODINE- MICROMINERAL

• Found in thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth, development, and metabolism

• DEFICIENCY –GOITRE• Excess- can lead to burning of

the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma

FACTORS

1. Age2. Occupation3. Season4. Likes/Dislikes5. Gender6. Economic condition of the

family

NUTRITIVE VALUE

• The maximum amount of iron you should consume is 45 mg. Consuming more than 2,500 mg of calcium per day might lead to kidney dysfunction, kidney stones and problems with soft tissues.

• Toxicity of zinc occurs when you have more than 40 mg per day.

NUTRITIVE VALUE

• The table below shows the nutritive values of all the minerals- MINERALS NUTRITIVE VALUES

Potassium 4700mgChlorine 2300mgSodium 1500mgCalcium 1300mg

Phosphorus 700mgMagnesium 420mgManganese 2.3mg

Copper 0.9mg

Effects on cooking

• Heating does not affect mineral levels. • Though minerals are not lost due to heat, but

are usually removed if cooked in boiling water,• Steaming is probably the best cooking method

with respect to mineral loss.

QUESTION BANK!

QUESTIONS…

Q1. What are minerals?ANS: Minerals are substances like calcium & iron that

are found in rocks and the soil. They are needed for optimal nutrition. Plants take in minerals with water. When these plants are eaten by animals, minerals are transferred too. We need these minerals in our diet, as they are very important.

QUESTIONS…

Q2. What are the 2 types of minerals? Give 2 e.g. for each.

Ans: The 2 types of minerals are: micro minerals and macro minerals. E.g. of micro mineral are; iron & iodine and that of macro minerals are; potassium & calcium.

QUESTIONS…

Q3. Match the following:

MINERALS SOURCESIRON iodized salt, seafood, etc.

IODINE red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs

CALCIUM cheese, meat, cereal, etc.

PHOSPHORUS dairy products, egg, green leafy vegetables, etc.

QUESTIONS…

Q4. Explain any 2 deficiency diseases due to minerals.

Ans: the 2 deficiency diseases are:Anemia: less amount of iron present andGoitre: less amount of iodine present.

Q5. Find out 4 deficiency diseases. I ON DO I Z V B N I OF

F M R HI I J KI KL I A

A B W E A K B O N E

I RO MA G N NE H E U X

G O I T R E M H F IN

Z X D BN K I MK LI N O

L P H I A V X ZI N T

P A IN F U L B O N E

QUESTIONS…Q6. ________is probably the best cooking method

with respect to mineral loss. ANS: STEAMINGQ7. Red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs are

examples of ________. ANS: IRONQ8. Calcium and _______ are e.g. of macro mineral.ANS: PHOSPHORUSQ9. The 2 factors of minerals are______ & ________.ANS: AGE, SEASON

DONE BY: MANMITHA, MANSI & NIRALI...