What are Health What are Health and Wellness?and Wellness?

Mr. Bower Mr. Bower

Health EducationHealth Education

Health LiteracyHealth Literacy

• Health LiteracyHealth Literacy: involves an : involves an individual’s capacity to obtain, individual’s capacity to obtain, interpret and understand basic interpret and understand basic health information and services that health information and services that will promote positive health and will promote positive health and wellness.wellness.

In order to be Health Literate, a person must In order to be Health Literate, a person must be:be:

1.1. A Critical Thinker and Problem SolverA Critical Thinker and Problem Solver– Can evaluate information and solve problems Can evaluate information and solve problems

encounteredencountered

2.2. A Responsible, Productive CitizenA Responsible, Productive Citizen– Must make decisions that promote health to himself Must make decisions that promote health to himself

and those around himand those around him

3.3. A Self-Directed LearnerA Self-Directed Learner– Able to gather and use accurate information Able to gather and use accurate information

throughout life.throughout life.– Able to gain knowledge based on issues that arise in Able to gain knowledge based on issues that arise in

various times of lifevarious times of life

4.4. An Effective CommunicatorAn Effective Communicator– Can communicate knowledge and information to Can communicate knowledge and information to

others in variety of formsothers in variety of forms

OUR GOAL……………OUR GOAL……………• Improved Improved Quality of lifeQuality of life

The degree of overall satisfaction that a The degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from lifeperson gets from life

So why has the emphasis of health shifted So why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the person’s quality of life???focus on the person’s quality of life???

• length of lifelength of life• Conditions we live underConditions we live under• Medical advancesMedical advances• Improvements in sanitationImprovements in sanitation

Life expectancyLife expectancy

• 1900 ____________________47 years1900 ____________________47 years• 1920 ____________________54.1 years1920 ____________________54.1 years• 1940____________________62.9 years1940____________________62.9 years• 1960____________________69.7 years1960____________________69.7 years• 1980____________________73.7 years1980____________________73.7 years• 1985____________________74.7 years1985____________________74.7 years• 2009____________________78 years2009____________________78 years

• Why is it easier to have a longer life in our Why is it easier to have a longer life in our country vs. some other places in the world?country vs. some other places in the world?

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html

• So just what determines So just what determines YOUR YOUR health and health and wellness???wellness???

Mainly your lifestyle!Mainly your lifestyle!Today’s leading causes of death are diseases Today’s leading causes of death are diseases

that are strongly influenced by your lifestyle.that are strongly influenced by your lifestyle.

In the early 1900’s the leading causes of In the early 1900’s the leading causes of diseases could be passed on from one diseases could be passed on from one person to anotherperson to another

Leading causes of deathLeading causes of death19001900 TodayToday

1. 1. pneumonia/influenzapneumonia/influenza 1. Heart disease1. Heart disease

2. tuberculosis2. tuberculosis 2.2. CancerCancer

3. 3. Diseases of the stomachDiseases of the stomach 3.3. StrokeStroke

4. Heart disease4. Heart disease 4.4. AccidentsAccidents

5.5. StrokeStroke 5. Lung disease5. Lung disease

6. Kidney Disease6. Kidney Disease 6. 6. pneumonia/influenzapneumonia/influenza

7. Accidents7. Accidents 7. diabetes7. diabetes

8. Cancer8. Cancer 8. suicide8. suicide

9. Childhood disease9. Childhood disease 9. Liver disease9. Liver disease

10. Diptheria10. Diptheria 10. Atherosclerosis10. Atherosclerosis

HealthHealth

• Health is not merely the Physical well-Health is not merely the Physical well-being of an individualbeing of an individual

• HealthHealth is the combination of your …… is the combination of your ……

3 Elements of Health3 Elements of Health

•Physical HealthPhysical Health•Mental/Emotional HealthMental/Emotional Health•Social HealthSocial Health

Physical HealthPhysical Health• Physical HealthPhysical Health

– The way the parts of the body and systems of The way the parts of the body and systems of the body work togetherthe body work together

• When you are physically healthy, your body…When you are physically healthy, your body…– Has the ability to cope with daily stressesHas the ability to cope with daily stresses– Has the strength and energy to pursue physical Has the strength and energy to pursue physical

challenges and fight off illnesses and infectionschallenges and fight off illnesses and infections– Has the strength and energy to deal with Has the strength and energy to deal with

mental, emotional and social changes in lifemental, emotional and social changes in life

Mental/Emotional HealthMental/Emotional Health

• Mental HealthMental Health– Mental health includes:Mental health includes:

• Your ability to meet the Your ability to meet the demands of daily life.demands of daily life.

• Your ability to use and Your ability to use and develop critical thinking develop critical thinking skillsskills

– People with good People with good mental health see…mental health see…• Learning new Learning new

information as a life information as a life process that is process that is enjoyableenjoyable

• Making mistakes as Making mistakes as a chance to learn, a chance to learn, grow, and changegrow, and change

• Emotional HealthEmotional Health– Emotional health includes:Emotional health includes:

• Your feelings about yourselfYour feelings about yourself• How you relate to othersHow you relate to others• Being in touch with your own Being in touch with your own

feelingsfeelings• Expressing your emotions in Expressing your emotions in

a healthful waya healthful way

– People with good emotional People with good emotional health…health…

• Avoid negative thoughts Avoid negative thoughts and emotionsand emotions

• Consider all options and Consider all options and situations, then rationally situations, then rationally expresses his/her expresses his/her emotions in response to emotions in response to the situationthe situation

Social HealthSocial Health

• Involves the way you Involves the way you get along with others.get along with others.

• Also involves:Also involves:– Your ability to make Your ability to make

and and keepkeep friends friends– Your ability to Your ability to

cooperate and cooperate and communicate with communicate with others around you.others around you.

– It involves a constant It involves a constant respect and sense of respect and sense of responsibility for self responsibility for self and others.and others.

Health TriangleHealth Triangle•In order to have In order to have optimal health, a optimal health, a person must be person must be equally healthy in all equally healthy in all three areas of the three areas of the triangle.triangle.

•When one side of the When one side of the triangle gets too triangle gets too much or little much or little attention, the triangle attention, the triangle becomes lopsided.becomes lopsided.

•To be truly healthy, To be truly healthy, you need to keep all 3 you need to keep all 3 sides of your health sides of your health triangle - and your life triangle - and your life - in balance- in balance

Health ContinuumHealth Continuum

• Your health is dynamic (always Your health is dynamic (always changing)changing)

• Your health is always changing its place Your health is always changing its place on the continuumon the continuum

• From day to day (year to year), you From day to day (year to year), you experience different levels of total experience different levels of total healthhealth

NOTE: NOTE: THIS CAN BE CONTROLLABLETHIS CAN BE CONTROLLABLE

The Health ContinuumThe Health Continuum

Many people function below the midpoint line

People on this side of the continuum usually exhibit a high degree of responsibility, discipline and positive direction in life. They accept the responsibility for maintaining their own health.

People on this side of the continuum usually do not take responsibility for maintaining their own health.

Improved Health and Wellness

Loss of Health and Wellness

High Level of Health

Premature Death

WellnessWellness

• WELLNESSWELLNESS – optimal health and – optimal health and vitality encompassing all 3 areas of vitality encompassing all 3 areas of health.health.

Wellness

(+) Physical Health

(+) Mental/Emotional

Health

(+) Social Health

WellnessWellness

• A person with a balanced life is said to have A person with a balanced life is said to have a high degree of wellness, or total health. a high degree of wellness, or total health.

• It comes from a way of living each day that It comes from a way of living each day that includes making decisions and practicing includes making decisions and practicing behaviors that are based on sound health behaviors that are based on sound health knowledge and healthful attitudes. knowledge and healthful attitudes.

• Achieving wellness is an ongoing, lifelong Achieving wellness is an ongoing, lifelong commitment to physical, mental/emotional, commitment to physical, mental/emotional, and social health. and social health.

Our GoalOur Goal

Healthy Eating Club, 2001

Optimal Health and Wellness

Promoting Your HealthPromoting Your Health

• In addition to becoming health In addition to becoming health literate, there are 3 ways to promote literate, there are 3 ways to promote your health and wellnessyour health and wellness

– (+) Lifestyle Factors(+) Lifestyle Factors– (+) Attitudes Toward Health(+) Attitudes Toward Health– Prevention of Injury and IllnessPrevention of Injury and Illness

(+) Lifestyle Factors(+) Lifestyle Factors• Lifestyle factorsLifestyle factors: are personal behaviors and habits : are personal behaviors and habits

related to the way that a person lives, that helps to related to the way that a person lives, that helps to determine their healthdetermine their health

• Seven (+) Lifestyle factorsSeven (+) Lifestyle factors– Sleep 7-8 hours per nightSleep 7-8 hours per night– Eat nutritious foods from each of the food groupsEat nutritious foods from each of the food groups– Refrain from smoking, tobacco products and those who do Refrain from smoking, tobacco products and those who do

use those productsuse those products– Eat breakfast dailyEat breakfast daily– Do 30 minutes of non-stop physical activity at least 3 times Do 30 minutes of non-stop physical activity at least 3 times

per weekper week– Do not use alcohol or other drugsDo not use alcohol or other drugs– Maintain recommended weight Maintain recommended weight

HOW MANY OF THESE LIFESTYLE HOW MANY OF THESE LIFESTYLE FACTORS DO YOU FOLLOW?FACTORS DO YOU FOLLOW?

(+) Health Attitudes(+) Health Attitudes

• It is not enough to just KNOW what to do to It is not enough to just KNOW what to do to stay healthy.stay healthy.

• You must BELIEVE that there is some benefit You must BELIEVE that there is some benefit to good health habits and problems for poor to good health habits and problems for poor health habits.health habits.

• Studies have shown that people with (+) Studies have shown that people with (+) attitudes are less likely to suffer injury and attitudes are less likely to suffer injury and illness than those who have (-) attitudes illness than those who have (-) attitudes (STRESS)(STRESS)

Prevention Prevention

• PreventionPrevention: practicing healthy habits to keep a : practicing healthy habits to keep a person well and free from disease and other person well and free from disease and other ailmentsailments

• Preventing injury and illness is the best way to Preventing injury and illness is the best way to promote healthpromote health

• Examples:Examples:– Wear seatbeltWear seatbelt– Wear helmetsWear helmets– Apply sunscreen Apply sunscreen – Avoid dangerous situations/areasAvoid dangerous situations/areas– Perform (+) lifestyle factorsPerform (+) lifestyle factors

Create your own Health Triangle

Health Triangle Directions

Three categories of risk Three categories of risk factors:factors:

1. Heredity risk factors1. Heredity risk factors

2. Environmental risk factors2. Environmental risk factors

3. Behavioral Risk Factors3. Behavioral Risk Factors

Three categories of risk Three categories of risk factors:factors:

1.1. Heredity risk factors – Heredity risk factors –

to some extent, a person’s health is to some extent, a person’s health is determined at the time he is born!determined at the time he is born!

Inherited risk factors such as…Inherited risk factors such as…• High blood pressureHigh blood pressure• Breast cancerBreast cancer• Heart diseaseHeart disease

Can you do anything about inherited Can you do anything about inherited risk factors?risk factors?

2.2. Environmental risk factors - Environmental risk factors - the surroundings in which one lives, the surroundings in which one lives,

both physical and social.both physical and social.Physical environmentPhysical environment – – includes both your outdoor and indoor includes both your outdoor and indoor

environment. Things such as…..environment. Things such as…..• AirAir

• WaterWater• Sun (radiation)Sun (radiation)

• Loud noisesLoud noises• Poisonous wastesPoisonous wastes• Smoke filled roomSmoke filled room

• Social EnvironmentSocial Environment – –

the people that you hang around the people that you hang around with…your family, friends, with…your family, friends, classmates.classmates.

• At your age, your friends have a At your age, your friends have a great influence on your level of great influence on your level of wellness.wellness.

WHY???WHY???

3.3. Behavioral Risk Factors – Behavioral Risk Factors –

are the day to day decisions that are the day to day decisions that you make.you make.

• They are often far more important They are often far more important to your health than both heredity to your health than both heredity and environmental risk factors.and environmental risk factors.

• You alone decide which behavioral You alone decide which behavioral risk factors you will face such as…risk factors you will face such as…

• Drugs, tobacco, foods, keeping Drugs, tobacco, foods, keeping anger and strong feelings bottled anger and strong feelings bottled up inside, not taking time to relaxup inside, not taking time to relax

• There are many behavior risks that There are many behavior risks that are worth taking! What would be are worth taking! What would be some of your choices?some of your choices?

Taking responsibility for Taking responsibility for your healthyour health

• You are at the age where you have You are at the age where you have more control over your life than at more control over your life than at any earlier age.any earlier age.

Three most common causes of Three most common causes of teenage death are not due to illness. teenage death are not due to illness.

Do you know the top three? (Hint: all Do you know the top three? (Hint: all three are linked to behavioral risk three are linked to behavioral risk factors.)factors.)

Three most common causes Three most common causes of teenage death are:of teenage death are:

• AccidentsAccidents

• SuicideSuicide

– HomicideHomicide

What risk behavior is common to all What risk behavior is common to all three?three?

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

• INFORMATION GATHERED FOR INFORMATION GATHERED FOR OTHER AGE GROUPS ALSO SHOW OTHER AGE GROUPS ALSO SHOW BEHAVIOR RISK FACTORS TO BE AT BEHAVIOR RISK FACTORS TO BE AT THE ROOT OF MANY OF THE THE ROOT OF MANY OF THE COUNTRY’S HEALTH PROBLEMS.COUNTRY’S HEALTH PROBLEMS.

• The practice of PREVENTION, or the The practice of PREVENTION, or the practice of healthy behaviors can help practice of healthy behaviors can help keep a person free of disease and other keep a person free of disease and other health problemshealth problems

How can you make changes How can you make changes for your health?for your health?

1.1. Awareness – Awareness – you must be aware of potential you must be aware of potential

health problems such as health health problems such as health concerns that run in your family’s concerns that run in your family’s history. Or, recognize unhealthy history. Or, recognize unhealthy signs and see a doctor for treatmentsigns and see a doctor for treatment

2.2. Knowledge –Knowledge – once you become aware of health once you become aware of health

problems, learn some of the facts problems, learn some of the facts about it!about it!

3.3. Decision Making – Decision Making –

even with awareness and knowledge, even with awareness and knowledge, it is not always easy to decide on the it is not always easy to decide on the best course of action. Consider your best course of action. Consider your values – the standards and beliefs that values – the standards and beliefs that are important to you. are important to you.

4.4. Apply the skill by practicing it. Apply the skill by practicing it.

Make it a Make it a habithabit, such as daily , such as daily exercise, healthy food choices, exercise, healthy food choices, healthy ways to release anger…healthy ways to release anger…

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions, Decisions, DecisionsDecisions

ObjectivesObjectives

• TSWBATTSWBAT– Understand vocabulary connected with Understand vocabulary connected with

the decision making and goal setting life the decision making and goal setting life skillsskills

– Make appropriate healthful decisions by Make appropriate healthful decisions by using the Decision Making modelusing the Decision Making model

– Show an understanding of the types of Show an understanding of the types of goals one can make for themselvesgoals one can make for themselves

– Create short-term and long-term goals in Create short-term and long-term goals in order to maintain a healthy lifeorder to maintain a healthy life

This person has to make

decisions that will determine his financial

future.What decisions have you made for yourself

that can affect your future?

Decision Making and Goal Decision Making and Goal SettingSetting

• When you make decisions or set goals, When you make decisions or set goals, you are experiencing power over how you are experiencing power over how healthy, happy and productive you can healthy, happy and productive you can be.be.

• Making responsible decisions and setting Making responsible decisions and setting MEANINGFUL goals are important skills MEANINGFUL goals are important skills that can promote individual, family and that can promote individual, family and community health.community health.

Decision Making SkillsDecision Making Skills

Decision Making Skills:Decision Making Skills: – steps that enable you to make a healthful steps that enable you to make a healthful

decision.decision.

These steps are designed to protect These steps are designed to protect your rights andyour rights and

health while respecting the rights and health while respecting the rights and health ofhealth of

others around you.others around you.

Decision Making SkillDecision Making Skill

• DDefine the problemefine the problem• EExplore the alternativesxplore the alternatives• CConsider the consequencesonsider the consequences

IIdentify your valuesdentify your values• DDecide and act on decisionecide and act on decision• EEvaluate the result valuate the result

DDECIDEECIDE

• DEFINE THE PROBLEM:DEFINE THE PROBLEM:– What are you trying to DECIDE?What are you trying to DECIDE?– State the issue clearlyState the issue clearly– Is it important and complex enough?Is it important and complex enough?

DDEECIDECIDE

• EXPLORE THE ALTERNATIVES:EXPLORE THE ALTERNATIVES:– List all of the possible choices you could List all of the possible choices you could

make to solve the problemmake to solve the problem– ““Doing nothing” can be an alternative Doing nothing” can be an alternative

to exploreto explore– Make sure choices are realisticMake sure choices are realistic

DEDECC IDEIDE

• CONSIDER THE CONSEQUENCES:CONSIDER THE CONSEQUENCES: Use the word HELP to guide your choices:Use the word HELP to guide your choices:

– HH (Healthful)- What health risks will this (Healthful)- What health risks will this option present, if option present, if any?any?

– EE (Ethical)- Does this choice reflect what you (Ethical)- Does this choice reflect what you and your and your family believe is right?family believe is right?

– LL (Legal)- Does this option violate any local, (Legal)- Does this option violate any local, state or federal state or federal laws?laws?

– PP (Parent Approval)- Would your parents or (Parent Approval)- Would your parents or guardians guardians approve of this approve of this choice?choice?

DECDECIIDEDE

• IDENTIFY YOUR VALUES:IDENTIFY YOUR VALUES:– The things you believe in strongly affect how The things you believe in strongly affect how

you live your lifeyou live your life– May or may not influence decisionsMay or may not influence decisions– Overlooking values may lead to Overlooking values may lead to

uncomfortable feelings about decision uncomfortable feelings about decision laterlater

– Consider long term goals as well as beliefs of Consider long term goals as well as beliefs of family, religion, and communityfamily, religion, and community

– Which choice is most in line with your values?Which choice is most in line with your values?

DECIDECIDDEE

• DECIDE AND ACT:DECIDE AND ACT:– Compare the alternativesCompare the alternatives– Choose the alternative that is best for youChoose the alternative that is best for you– There may be more than one “right” choiceThere may be more than one “right” choice– Act on the decision by breaking it down Act on the decision by breaking it down

into smaller steps and setting realistic into smaller steps and setting realistic deadlines for each stepdeadlines for each step

– Follow through with your planFollow through with your plan– Your decision should not be Your decision should not be Impulsive!Impulsive!

DECIDDECIDEE• EVALUATE THE RESULTS:EVALUATE THE RESULTS:

– After decision has been put into effect After decision has been put into effect take time to review it, how did it work take time to review it, how did it work out?out?

– How has it affected your life?How has it affected your life?– How has it affected others?How has it affected others?– What did you learn?What did you learn?– If you could do it over again, would you If you could do it over again, would you

do it differently?do it differently?

ReferencesReferences

• Health: A Guide to WellnessHealth: A Guide to Wellness. . Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 2003.Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 2003.

• Healthy Eating Club, 2001.