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8/8/2019 Wet Land Conservation Programme
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WET LANDWET LAND
CONSERVATIONCONSERVATIONPROGRAMMEPROGRAMME
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DEFINITIONDEFINITION
According to most widespread definition,
wetlands are defined as: lands transitional
between terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems where the water table is usually at
or near the surface or the land is covered
by shallow water.
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NATIONAL WETLANDNATIONAL WETLAND
CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME The Government of India has been implementing the
National Wetland Conservation Programme ( NWCP ) in
close collaboration with the State/UT Governmentssince the year 1985-86. Under the programme, 115
wetlands have been identified till now by
the Ministry which require urgent conservation and
management interventions.
Conservation of wetlands in the country so as to prevent
their further degradation and ensuring their wise use for
the benefit of local communities and overall conservation
of biodiversity.
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FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems.
They directly or indirectly support millions of people and
provide goods and services to them. Various goods and
services provided by wetlands are as follows:
Support all life forms through extensive food webs
Nutrients recycling
Water purification Floods mitigation
Maintenance of stream flow
Ground water recharging
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USES OF WET LANDSUSES OF WET LANDS
To control floods
To stablize the shore line
For waste water treatment They act as a buffer against the
devastating effect of cyclones
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MAJOR THREATSMAJOR THREATS
As per one of the studies, wetlands in our country aredisappearing at a rate of 2% to 3% every year.
Urbanization- increasing developmental pressure forresidential, industrial and commercial facilities.
Agricultural Activities- conversion of wetlands for paddyfields; construction of a large number of reservoirs,canals and dams; diversion of streams and rivers toprovide for irrigation
Deforestation-removal of vegetation in the catchmentleading to soil erosion
Pollution-unrestricted dumping of sewage, solid wastesand toxic chemicals from industries and households
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WET LANDS IN INDIAWET LANDS IN INDIA
India has totally 27,403 wetlands, of which
23,444 are inland wetlands and 3,959 are
coastal wetlands. Wetlands occupy 18.4% of the
countrys area of which 70% are under paddycultivation.
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Beneficial speciesBeneficial species
Wetlands are home to hundreds of species of
plants and animals. There is a wide variety of
animals that benefit from the wetlands.
The wetlands also become important because
many animals use the wetlands as a water
source. The bird population is one of the most
beneficial species. Over 80% of birds in the
United States are dependant on wetlands
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INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS FORINTERNATIONAL EFFORTS FOR
CONSERVATION OF WETLANDSCONSERVATION OF WETLANDS The Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in
1971, is an intergovernmental treaty which provides theframework for national action an international cooperationfor the conservation and wise use of wetlands and theirresources.
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was developed as ameans to call international attention to the rate at whichwetland habitats were disappearing, in part due to a lack ofunderstanding of their important functions, values, goods
and services.
Governments that join the Convention are expressing theirwillingness to make a commitment to helping to reverse thathistory of wetland loss and degradation.
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THE MOST SERIOUSLYTHE MOST SERIOUSLY
THREATENED WETLANDS INTHREATENED WETLANDS IN
INDIAINDIA
Dal Lake, Logtak Lake, Wular Lake, Salt
Lakes swamp, Harike Lake, The Sunderban,Chilka Lake, Dahar and Sanj lheels, Kolleru
Lake, Southern Gulf of Kutch, Estuaries of the
Karnataka coast, Gulf of Khambhat, Kaliveli
Tank and Vedayanthhtu Estuary, The CochinBackwaters, DiporBheel, Wetlands in the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Research needs to be reoriented to focus on the checksand balances within headwater landscapes and thedownstream impacts of changes in wetlands.
There is a need for better data, especially from longer-term environmental monitoring, for better managementmodels and for a greater sharing and utilisation ofexisting information.
The effective management of headwater wetlandsrequires new policy frameworks, changes in landhusbandry, more sensitive technological intervention andthe full integration of wetlands into environmentalmanagement planning
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