Western Powers Rule Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia: Southeast Asia: Vietnam and Vietnam and PhilippinesPhilippines

Imperialism in Southeast AsiaImperialism in Southeast Asia

BackgroundBackground

Since the beginning of the 16Since the beginning of the 16thth century, Europeans traded along century, Europeans traded along the coasts of Asia and the East the coasts of Asia and the East Indies.Indies.

As trade grew, these regions As trade grew, these regions became more and more ideal for became more and more ideal for European imperialists. European imperialists.

Factors for imperialismFactors for imperialism

Pacific Rim landsPacific Rim lands– Strategic location along sea route to Strategic location along sea route to

ChinaChina– Sources of tropical agriculture – Sources of tropical agriculture –

sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pineapple – as coconuts, bananas, pineapple – as well as minerals and oilwell as minerals and oil

Who invaded?Who invaded?

DutchDutch: Chain of Indonesia – Dutch : Chain of Indonesia – Dutch East IndiesEast Indies

BritishBritish: Malay Peninsula (Singapore, : Malay Peninsula (Singapore, Malaysia, Burma)Malaysia, Burma)

FrenchFrench: Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, : Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) Cambodia)

United StatesUnited States: Pacific Islands : Pacific Islands (Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, (Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawaii)Hawaii)

(Siam was the only country that (Siam was the only country that remained independent)remained independent)

Resistance…?Resistance…?

In the Philippines, a In the Philippines, a revolutionary movement revolutionary movement occurred and Emilio occurred and Emilio Aguinaldo declared Aguinaldo declared independence in 1898. independence in 1898.

However, during the However, during the Spanish-American War, the Spanish-American War, the United States conquered United States conquered the Philippines.the Philippines.

This did not stop Aguinaldo, This did not stop Aguinaldo, he again declared he again declared independence in 1899 but independence in 1899 but this led to war between the this led to war between the two groups.two groups.

5,000 American and 5,000 American and 200,000 casualties 200,000 casualties

Emilio Aguinaldo was the revolutionary leader for the Philippines. He resisted the pressure of the United States but his movement was destroyed.

Effects: PositiveEffects: Positive

Cash crops and goods increased Cash crops and goods increased the economythe economy

Roads, harbors, and rail systems Roads, harbors, and rail systems were created were created

Education, health and sanitation Education, health and sanitation improvedimproved

Unified areasUnified areas

Effects: NegativeEffects: Negative

Migrants from other parts of Asia came Migrants from other parts of Asia came to work on plantations or in minesto work on plantations or in mines

Cultural and racial makeup of area was Cultural and racial makeup of area was alteredaltered

Racial and religious clashes occurredRacial and religious clashes occurred

What has happened What has happened since?since? When the British encouraged Chinese When the British encouraged Chinese

immigrants to flee to Malaysia, the immigrants to flee to Malaysia, the became the majority of the population. became the majority of the population. Today, conflict still occurs between the Today, conflict still occurs between the native Malays and the Chinese native Malays and the Chinese occupants.occupants.

Clashes of religion and culture Clashes of religion and culture between Muslims, Hindus, Christians between Muslims, Hindus, Christians and Buddhists still go on today.and Buddhists still go on today.

Southeast Asia is split up into several different sections, each controlled by a different country.

Overall…Overall…

The negative effects of The negative effects of imperialism in Southeast Asia are imperialism in Southeast Asia are by far greater than the positive by far greater than the positive effects. The conflicts that still go effects. The conflicts that still go on today can be accounted for by on today can be accounted for by the imperialists that invaded in the imperialists that invaded in the 19the 19thth century. century.