WESTERN EXPANSION

REVIEW of Micro-LessonA. Land Gained After Revolution

1. West of Appalachain

2. East of Mississippi River

B. Northwest Territory

1. Land North of Ohio River

2. Biggest push for Settlement

3. Family Farms & Towns

a. No Slavery

C. Adding States

1. Based on Population

2. Once a State is Accepted it is EQUAL to all other

States

3. NO COLONIES- British Mistake

REVIEW of Micro-Lesson

Objective #2: Louisiana PurchaseA. Louisiana Purchase

1.Purchased from France – 1803a. $13 Million (Napoleon Sells)

• 2. Geographic Locationa. East- Mississippi Riverb. Most- Drainage System of

the Mississippi River (Mainly Missouri River)

3. Exploration Lewis & Clarka. Job: Explore the new territory of Louisiana

-Find a NW Passage-Find the true size of the territory-Discover Native Am. & Natural Resources

b. How?- Follow Missouri to End / Reach Pacific / Explore Rivers

REVIEW of Micro-Lesson

Objective #2: Louisiana PurchaseREVIEW of Micro-Lesson

REVIEW of Micro-Lesson

REVIEW of Micro-LessonB. Monroe Doctrine

1. Spain asks Europe for help in keeping colonies from

Independencea. Ex. Mexico 1821, Most

of South Am. By 18242. Monroe Doctrine (1823)

a. Named after President James Monroeb. Says: No European

power should interfere in the Americas (No More Colonies) and the U.S.

with enforce it!

(Problem #1- U.S. wasn’t strong enough yet!!)

I. Objective #1: Manifest DestinyDescribe Manifest Destiny*. What direction did the U.S. generally grow in? Describe which country and which type of people lost the most land from Manifest Destiny. Who did Americans believe gave them the right to get the land? Explain events seen in the ‘Manifest Destiny’ picture.

A. Where we going????1. Mountain Men

a. Early explorers head into new territory (Louisiana)

b. Trap Beaver (popular hats in Europe) *Send stories and goods back to states

2. Explorationa. John C. Freemont – Explores actual travel routes from Missouri to Calif. **Writes stories about trail and Calif.b. John Ogden- Sees Humboldt River

c. Joseph Walker- 1st to cross Salt Lake Desert & finds Humboldt River

Objective #3: Manifest Destiny"With a selected party of fifteen, among whom were some of my best men, including several Delawares, I was to attempt the crossing the mountain in order to get through to Sutter's Fort be-fore the snow began to fall. At the fort I could obtain the necessary supplies for the relief of the main party. Leaving them in good order, and cheerful at the prospect of escaping from the winter into the `Beautiful California Valley,' as it was then called, we separated, and I took up my route for the river which flows into Pyramid Lake, and which on my last journey I had named Salmon Trout River, I now entered a region which hardship had made familiar to me, and I was not compelled to feel my way, but used every hour of the day to press towards the pass at the head of the river."Fremont's route took him north, up the Walker River

 [From James G. Scrugham, Nevada: The Narrative of the Conquest of a Frontier Land (1935), vol. I, pp. 85-100]

XJOHN C. FREMONT

1845

Objective #1: Manifest DestinyB. Manifest Destiny

1. 1840’s – Belief that the U.S. and it’s people had the right to “colonize” & use all territory from Atlantic to

Pacific.

*John Quincy Adams- “It’s inevitable . . . as that the Mississippi flows to the sea.”

*John O’Sullivan- It’s America’s Manifest Destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us.”

Problems: Who Owns it??People Already there???

How to get it???? Reasons we need it???

C. Moving West 1. Industrial Revolution**Creation of a factory system and use of mechanical tools to improve life and productionEx. Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney (1793)Textile Mills by Francis Lowell (1814)Steam Boat by Fulton (1807)

2. Moving West (Mid-West)a. Roads / Rivers / Canals

-Roads (Turnpikes) allow for easier travel-Rivers, easiest but not always where you want

Industrial-> -Canals, Connect cities and major waterways **Erie Canal- Buffalo to NY (by Hudson R.)-Railroads, brand new (1832 NY & Erie RR)

3. Result = More Land to Use*Americans move further west along new transportation routes. (Connection to Civ.)

Objective #1: Manifest Destiny

Objective #1- Eastern Improvements

More WAYS TO GET CROPS TO MARKET!!!

=

MORE LAND TO USE!!!!

Objective #1- Eastern Improvements

Manifest Destiny

II. Objective #2: Native American RemovalExplain the impact of Western Expansion on Native Americans. What was the TRAIL of TEARS*? What president was most responsible for this treatment? How had Lewis & Clark described Native American land? What are Native Americans doing in the ‘Manifest Destiny Picture’?

A. Native Americans (East of Mississippi)1. Lands Lost Before Independence

a. Exploration & Disease / Coastal Colonial Areasb. Settlement after French & Indian War (Appalachian)

2. Land loss after Revolutiona. Settlers constantly pushing to Mississippi River Areab. Lewis and Clark tell of UNUSED land

**Many from trip become Mountain men and live, marry and become parts of tribes (Mainly west though)

B. Trail of Tears1. Indian Removal Act of 1832

a. Congress allowed President Jackson to buy land from tribes to move to Indian Territory

(Land West of Mississippi River unlike native land)

Objective #2: Native American Removal2. Cherokees Refuse

a. Cherokee sue in Supreme Court to stop removal (Jackson ignores order)b. 1835- some Cherokee sign treaty but most of 17,000

do not agree and will not accept itc. Many Cherokee had begun living lives like Southern

whites (including some slave owning)3. Forced Out

a. Jackson Uses Military – Sends 7,000 troops in to force b. Many die during summer boat trip & thousands die

during winter march4. Fighting Back

a. 1810 Tecumseh (Indiana) / 1832 Black Hawk (Ill.)

Objective #2: Native American Removal

III. Objective #3: Texas & the Mexican CessionExplain the events that led Texas and the Mexican Cession to become U.S. territory. What was Texas before it became a state. What issue kept Texas from becoming a state earlier? Who started the Mexican American War? What advantages did the U.S. have? Describe the results of the war and how much territory the U.S. gained.

A. TEXAS Republic1. Americans settle in Texas

a. Belongs to new country- Mexico (Free from Spain)b. Mexico wants more Spanish speakers**Limited Americans (Texans Upset)

2. Battle for Independencea. Mexico won early (More troops)

Ex. Alamob. Texans Start winningr- Capture Santa Anna (Dictator)c. Often Bloody battles / Mexicans execute Texansd. 1836-> TEXAS Independence (Independent Republic)

3. Becoming a Statea. Slow Early – North doesn’t like slaveryb. Finally Annexed- 1845

‘REMEMBER THE ALAMO!!!!!!’

Texas Independence Timeline

1821: Mexico becomes Independent

1824: Mexico hires land agents (empresarios), to bring people to Texas

1830: Mexico bans further settlement in Texas

1836: Texas declares Independence from Mexico, Battle of Alamo takes place

Battle of San Jacinto, Texans capture Mexican leader General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, force him to give Texas freedom

1845: United States annexes Texas, becomes a state

Objective #3: Texas & Mexican Cession

Objective #3: Texas & Mexican CessionB. Mexican American War

1. Troubles Begin

a. Mexico starts to welcome Americans into its territories

(New Mexico & California)

b. U.S. Annexes Texas (Upset Mexico)

2. War Fever?

a. For & Against!!! (Manifest Destiny – For)

b. Many Americans very opposed (Why?- fear more slave land)

3. Fighting in Mexico & California

a. U.S. attacks Mexico at Home (Mexico City)

b. U.S. Wins Easily!* (Has Factories, Organizeds Army & Navy)

4. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

a. Mexico cedes (gives) California & all of Southwest to USA

(New Mex., Arizona, Utah, Colorado, California, Nevada)

Vs.

Objective #3: Mexican Am. War

IV. Objective #4: California & OregonDescribe the reasons people migrated to California and Oregon. What time period did this immigration occur? Describe two ways in which people could get there. Name several of the trail routes that were traveled upon. Which went through Nevada? What mode of transportation did the settlers use over land?

A. Oregon1. Oregon Trail – 1840’s

a. Many hear how lush and great farmland Oregon has in the Willamette

Valley.b. Trail- Crosses the plains through the

South Pass (Rockies) up through Snake river (Idaho) and follows Columbia River to coast.

2. British / U.S. Competition!!a. Both U.S. and Britain claim territoryb. U.S. adds 5,000 more people & British

don’tc. 1846 agreement to set border at the

49th Parallel (Current Border with Canada)

B. The OVERLAND TRAIL1. Calf. & Oregon Trail the same until near Utah/Idaho

a. Starts in St. Louis or Iowa1. Some have already traveled from East Coast

b. Begin in Early or Late Spring1. Start too Early . . TOO COLD at start2. Start too Late . . . TOO COLD at End

2. Wagon Trainsa. From 10 to 50 wagons go together

1. More help if something goes wrongb. Cost about $600 per family (of 4)

1. Food, Animals, Suppliesc. You WALK mostly (let animals only pull supplies)

3. 2,000 miles worth of DANGERa. Native Americans not happy with settlersb. Weather Heat, Storms, Cold . . No where to hide!c. Lack of Civilization (No Rules???)

4. TAKES 6 MONTHS!!!!5. 5,000 people are in Oregon by 1845

Objective #4: California & Oregon

Objective #4: California & Oregon

Objective #5: California & Oregon

.....One of the wagons used by American pioneers, was invented by the Pennsylvania Dutch and called the CONESTOGA WAGON. The wagon was named for the Conestoga Valley in Pennsylvania, where it was first built during the early 1700's. Conestoga wagons carried most of the freight and people that moved westward over the Allegheny Mountains from the 1770's until about 1850. These wagons were sometimes called the camels of the prairies. Both ends of the wagon were built higher than the middle. A high, rounded, white canvas roof could be put on the vehicle, making it a covered wagon. Wheels with broad rims prevented bogging down in mud. The wheels could be removed and the wagon could be used as a boat. Conestoga wagons were drawn by teams of from four to six horses. .....The other wagon used by the American pioneers resembled the Conestoga but was smaller and sleeker. It was called a prairie schooner because, from a distance, its white top looked like the sails of a ship. The prairie schooner (covered wagon), was first built by the German farmers of Pennsylvania. .....On the long trip, sometimes as many as 200 wagons would join together to form a caravan called a wagon train. More common though was trains of 30 or fewer wagons. .....For a family going from Independence to Oregon or California in the 1840's, it would take about four to six months. They had to bring enough supplies for the trip because there were few places where they could buy goods along the way. Some of the travelers would trade items like food, clothing, and firearms among themselves or purchased them from one another.

Objective #5: California & Oregon

What modern transportation routes match up with the California Trails??

*Trails are in Red

ALTERNATIVE

To Overland Trail . . . . Take ship around

South America!!

Objective #4: California & OregonB. CALIFORNIA

1. California Culture- Large “Spanish Style” farms called

Ranchos run by Rancheros a. Not really big fans of Mexican Government

b. Immigrants move in after stories from Freemont

2. Won with Wara. Bear Flag Republic- Freemont captures N.

CA. and declares Independent Republic (Too Soon)

b. California won with Mexican Am. War

3. GOLD RUSH!! - 1848/49 (49’ers)a. Gold found at Sutter’s Mill

1848 b. 100,000 people come

between 1848-1849-By: Sea (Around S.A.) -Land over trails

c. Boomtowns: No Government / Rough & Rowdy

4. Becoming a State: 1850a. Banned Slavery: Created

trouble in Congress!b. Treat Rancheros Poorly and Take their land even though

most helped the U.S. in the war (Ex. Gov. Vallejo)

Objective #4: California & Oregon

Suck!!!!!!

Governor Vallejo

Objective #4- California & Oregon!!!

C. Mormons (Latter Day Saints)

1. Brigham Young moves group to Utah (1846)

a. Avoid Religious Persecution after leader killed in Ill.

2. Settle in most of Western Mountains (Idaho, Utah, Nevada)

TOTAL TERRITORY-Manifest Destiny