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Birmingham
London
Paris
Amsterdam
Brussels Koln
Frankfurt
Saarbrucken
Strasbourg
1.102.10
1.472.30
1.503.55
2.155.12
1.514.52
1.514.52
2.392.40
3.486.13
3.155.05
3.185.16
1.222.25
1.532.55
2.204.00
3.155.00
0.451.28
Travel Times:20091989HS2
hours The Trans-European HSL – Operational CoreSource: EC & WMEF
Optimal Operating Distances
For journeys under 4.5 hours, the EC regard HSR as competitive with air travel
HSR Impacts – undermined commercial viability of Air Routes between:
Paris-Brussels Cologne-Frankfurt Madrid-Barcelona
Nanjing-Wuhan Chongqing-Chengdu Tokyo-Nagoya
Tokyo-Sendai Tokyo-Niigata London-?
Future Impacts:
Spain plans to ensure that 90 % of its inhabitants have access to an HSR station within 50 km of their home
14
Asia & Oceania European Union Latin America and Caribbean
MENA North America Sub-Saharan Africa
2013 Imports 4124.311233 13621.554137 240.235219 617.792124 1454.304843 448.75401
2013 Ex-ports
4461.509273 8088.489012 448.524594 1192.944155 3182.075243 455.553158
1,000
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
11,000
13,000
15,000
West Midlands Trade by Partner Region2013 Source: HMRC & WMEF
Va
lue
of
Tra
de
(£
Mill
ion
)