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We’re living in DISRUPTIVE TIMES An interview with Martijn Aslander on the network and information society What is information? ‘I have no idea. I understand the concept of knowledge, but information? Is it data? Is it zeros and ones? I don’t know. It’s not something I worry about, by the way.’ How do you look at organisations? ‘Most organisations will seize to exist. They are not smart enough, too slow, too expensive, too sluggish, lack the ability to learn and people who work for organisations are not allowed to use free applications and tools that make everything a lot easier. We are living in a network and information society. If you merge these together you get what I call ‘the new renaissance’. If you connect networks – physical networks, social networks and information networks – to the available amount of information (which is growing exponentially) completely new forms of solutions and applications for issues of supply anddemand friction emerge. This may sound abstract, but nearly everything on this planet is about supplyanddemand friction. Organisations are founded in order to get something done. But it gets easier all the time to get something done faster, nicer, kinder, more fun, better, cheaper (and for free, even) outside of the organisation than inside of it, because of the way we have shaped them for thirty to forty years. Thanks to the internet and all that free technology people are inventing smart things as we speak, making the essence of your organisation obsolete. We are living in disruptive times and you could think of that as scary and complicated but you could also be fascinated by it, because it saves us all a lot of hassle. But it’s the end of the line for many organisations as we know them today. Developments are going so fast that you can hardly design a strategy for it, or manage it. The only way to deal with it is to tinker and try, that’s the only way. Especially now that DNAstorage is coming. The incredible amount of data you can store in a medium like DNA is insane. You can make millions of copies per hour and it lasts a few hundred years. Quantum computing is imminent, super materials are on their way. The sky is the limit.’ How are we going to deal with this? ‘We don’t know yet. Time will tell. That’s the strange thing about these times; we don’t have any answers, we can only observe which way things are moving. I look at it from swarm technology. From the concept of swarms. With ants, the queen doesn’t dish out orders, it’s much more subtle. Ants are incredibly good at ‘Ecosystems can’t be controlled, you can build them at best, see what happens and improve them if necessary.’

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Page 1: We're Living in Disruptive Times

 We’re  living  in    

DISRUPTIVE  TIMES      An  interview  with  Martijn  Aslander  on  the  network  and  information  society            What  is  information?  ‘I  have  no  idea.  I  understand  the  concept  of  knowledge,  but  information?  Is  it  data?  Is  it  zeros  and  ones?  I  don’t  know.  It’s  not  something  I  worry  about,  by  the  way.’      How  do  you  look  at  organisations?  ‘Most  organisations  will  seize  to  exist.  They  are  not  smart  enough,  too  slow,  too  expensive,  too  sluggish,  lack  the  ability  to  learn  and  people  who  work  for  organisations  are  not  allowed  to  use  free  applications  and  tools  that  make  everything  a  lot  easier.    We  are  living  in  a  network    and  information  society.  If  you  merge  these  together  you  get  what  I  call  ‘the  new  renaissance’.  If  you  connect  networks  –  physical  networks,  social  networks  and  information  networks  –  to  the  available  amount  of  information  (which  is  growing  exponentially)  completely  new  forms  of  solutions  and  applications  for  issues  of  supply-­‐and-­‐demand  friction  emerge.  This  may  sound  abstract,  but  nearly  everything  on  this  planet  is  about  supply-­‐and-­‐demand  friction.    Organisations  are  founded  in  order  to  get  something  done.  But  it  gets  easier  all  the  time  to  get  something  done  faster,  nicer,  kinder,  more  fun,  better,  cheaper  (and  for  free,  even)  outside  of  the  organisation  than  inside  of  it,  because  of  the  way  we  have  shaped  them  for  thirty  to  forty  years.      Thanks  to  the  internet  and  all  that  free  technology  people  are  inventing  smart  things    as  we  speak,  making  the  essence  of  your  organisation  obsolete.    We  are  living  in  disruptive  times  and  you  could  think  of  that  as  scary  and  complicated  but  you  could  also  be  fascinated  by  it,  because  it  saves  us      

   all  a  lot  of  hassle.  But  it’s  the  end  of  the  line  for  many  organisations  as  we  know  them  today.    Developments  are  going  so  fast  that  you  can  hardly  design  a  strategy  for  it,  or  manage  it.  The  only  way  to  deal  with  it  is  to  tinker  and  try,  that’s  the  only  way.      Especially  now  that  DNA-­‐storage  is  coming.  The  incredible  amount  of  data  you  can  store  in  a  medium  like  DNA  is  insane.  You  can  make  millions  of  copies  per  hour  and  it  lasts  a  few  hundred  years.    Quantum  computing  is  imminent,  super  materials  are  on  their  way.  The  sky  is  the  limit.’        How  are  we  going  to  deal  with  this?  ‘We  don’t  know  yet.  Time  will  tell.  That’s  the  strange  thing  about  these  times;  we  don’t  have  any  answers,  we  can  only  observe  which  way  things  are  moving.    

 I  look  at  it  from  swarm  technology.  From  the  concept  of  swarms.  With  ants,  the  queen  doesn’t  dish  out  orders,  it’s  much  more  subtle.  Ants  are  incredibly  good  at  

‘Ecosystems  can’t  be  controlled,  you  can  build  them  at  best,  see  what  

happens  and  improve  them  if  necessary.’  

 

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exchanging  information,  working  smart  together  and  getting  things  done.  They’re  the  most  successful  species  on  earth.  Self  organisation  and  self  management,  these  are  new  concepts,  new  themes,  that  come  into  sight  due  to  technology’s  possibilities.    We  are  on  the  eve  of  working  with  such  mechanisms.  It’s  just  that  we  feel  the  need  to  control  things,  because  we  are  afraid  and  insecure.  En  controlling  things  works  best  from  a  central  hierarchical  approach,  it  makes  you  the  boss  of  it.    

Swarm  leadership  is  about  observing  what  happens  and  situational  leadership;  it  takes  a  different  kind  of  leader  in  different  situations.  So  that’s  not  a  hierarchical  model  but  a  decentralized  one.  Ecosystems  can’t  be  controlled,  you  can  build  them  at  best,  see  what  happens  and  improve  them  if  necessary.’      What  do  we  need  as  a  society  in  transition?  ‘The  ability  to  learn.  The  skill  to  learn  faster  from  what  you  discover.  So  learning  faster  from  mistakes,  exchanging  mistakes,  shorter  feedback  loops,  more  iterations,  trial  and  error  and  a  different  attitude  towards  mistakes.    We  need  to  get  rid  of  the  current  business  culture  when  it  comes  to  mistakes.  That  if  you  make  a  mistake  you  won’t  get  promoted  within  your  organisation,  or  promoted  to  a  higher  position.  We  have  got  to  stop  punishing  people  for  mistakes,  we’ve  got  to  create  an  open  culture  which  enables  us  to  learn  faster  from  mistakes.      The  wrong  idea  everybody  has  is  that  self-­‐employed  people  are  sailing  solo.  They  are  not  alone,  they  are  together.  Faster  than  ever,  more  agile  than  ever.  And  they  make  a  living  sharing  their  knowledge  and  information  and  making  mistakes.    When  a  self-­‐employed  person  makes  a  mistake  he  misses  out  on  another  assignment,  but  not  a  lot  of  

harm  is  done.  Lessons  learned,  and  he  just  continues.  Organisations  are  not  safe  environments  to  make  mistakes.  So  people  start  acting  politically;  retaining  information,  manipulation,  a  lack  of  transparency.    I  can  see  that  organisations  are  lagging  behind.  A  new  kind  of  culture  needs  to  emerge.  And  to  be  honest  I  don’t  see  this  happening;  I  think  a  lot  is  simply  imploding.  And  that’s  not  a  bad  thing  per  se.    What  we  need  is  a  different  attitude.    I  often  visit  seminars  where  I’m  asked  to  be  a  keynote  and  there  I  explain:  Hire  for  attitude,  train  for  skills.  The  attitude  by  which  you  take  part  in  an  organisation,  how  you  approach  your  job,  is  more  crucial  than  ever.  It’s  better  to  hire  based  on  attitude  than  on  skills  and  experience.’      Will  we  be  earning  money  in  the  future?  ‘I  think  we’re  all  going  to  make  a  lot  less  money.  But  that’s  not  a  bad  thing.  The  past  hundred  years  we  have  been  busy  acquiring  possessions.  But  the  networked  society  is  not  about  possessions;  it’s  about  access.    The  digitalisation  of  society  really  means  a  dematerialisation  of  society.    You  never  hear  anyone  talk  about  this.  We  don’t  have  to  spend  800  euros  annually  on  cd’s,  because  we  can  use  Spotify  for  10  euros  a  month.  We  don’  have  to  spend  four,  five  hundred  euros  each  year  to  buy  dvd  boxes  with  series  on  them  –  to  put  them  on  a  shelf  –  if  you’ve  got  Netflix  for  8  euros  a  month.        

‘What  we  need  is  a  different  attitude.’    

‘The  digitalisation  of  society  really  means  a  dematerialisation  of  society.  You  never  hear  anyone  talk  about  this.’    

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My  smartphone,  which  cost  me  800  euros,  has  80.000  euros  worth  of  devices  in  it;  a  level,  a  compass,  a  dictaphone,  a  calculator,  and  so  forth.  Just  imagine:  80.000  euros  worth  of  devices  that  don’t  use  up  any  resources.  That  you  don’t  have  to  dig  up,  transport,  don’t  have  to  turn  into  semi-­‐finished  products,  don’t  have  to  assemble,  don’t  have  to  package  and  don’t  require  any  logistics  in  order  to  get  them  delivered  to  your  home.    You  just  use  a  digital  app.    I  think  eventually  we’ll  have  less  money.  So  I  have  to  laugh  a  bit  about  the  current  discussion  about  the  inequality  of  incomes.  If  you  were  unemployed  in  the  thirties,  you  may  have  had  nothing  to  eat.  If  you  were  unemployed  in  the  fifties,  you  may  have  had  something  to  eat,  but  no  TV.  If  you  were  unemployed  in  the  eighties,  you  may  have  had  a  tv  but  no  social  media,  no  eBay,  no  food  delivery,  no  exchange  mechanisms.    If  you’re  unemployed  today  then  you  have  all  the  knowledge  of  the  world  at  your  fingertips,  all  the  music,  all  the  movies,  everything  you  might  need  to  develop  as  a  person  and  get  yourself  a  life  again.  And  interact  with  others  at  the  same  time,  so  you’ll  feel  less  lonely.  I’m  not  saying  it’s  a  good  idea  to  be  unemployed,  but  if  there  has  to  be  a  moment  in  time  to  be  unemployed,  it’s  better  to  be  so  today  than  during  the  thirties,  fifties  or  eighties.’        What  do  you  mean  by  the  democratization  of  information?  ‘Well,  take  the  government  for  example.  We  have  no  clue  what  the  government  is  spending  all  her  money  on.  Yes,  we  read  a  budget  every  now  and  then,  but  we  can’t  see  where  the  money  is  going  on  the  detail  level  of  the  receipts  and  if  it’s  spent  in  a  smart  way.    What  I’ve  considered  to  be  quite  bizarre  for  years,  is  that  a  city  like  Amsterdam  spends  a  million  euros  on  a  website  and  doesn’t  ask  for  the  source  code  to  then  call  Rotterdam  and  say:  “Listen,  we’ve  just  bought  a  new  website  and  it  works  like  

a  charm,  I  think  you  need  one  as  well,  shall  we  send  you  the  code?”    So  all  these  cities  in  the  Netherlands  –  and  these  may  as  well  be  a  ministry,  water  boards  and  so  forth  –  are  all  doing  exactly  the  same  thing.  This  has  to  be  made  visible.  We  have  to  exchange  this  information,  so  that  the  people  can  contribute  with  ideas.  In  every  city  there  are  unemployed  smart  coders,  who  are  not  hired  because  they  are  far  too  smart,  so  we’re  giving  them  money  in  all  kinds  of  complicated  unemployment  benefit  programs,  while  on  the  other  hand    (just  look  at  the  current  debate  about  governmental  ICT  projects)  we’re  hiring  expensive  consultants  to  do  something  we  could  have  gotten  for  free  from  people  who  had  nothing  to  do  to  begin  with.    This  is  all  invisible  to  the  public  eye.    So  what  I  mean  by  the  democratization  of  information  is  that  if  we  just  make  all  this  knowledge  visible  and  shareable  we  can  collectively  solve  this  entire  puzzle  a  lot  faster.  Because  there  are  enough  people  who  have  the  time  and  the  inspiration  to  work  with  this  kind  of  information.  We’re  headed  towards  an  era  of  radical  transparency,  in  which  everyone  has  access  to  that  information.  And  I  think  that’s  a  good  thing.’          What’s  your  take  on  privacy?  ‘I  think  this  is  a  difficult  theme,  I  haven’t  figured  it  out  yet,  not  personally  either.  If  everyone  knows  everything  about  everyone,  then  all  we  have  to  learn  to  deal  with  is  shame.  If  I  know  what  you’ve  been  up  to  and  what’s  in  your  head  and  what  you’ve  done,  and  everyone  knows  everything  about  everyone,  well…  it’s  more  of  a  philosophical  question.      In  the  end  it’s  about  the  concentration  of  power.  In  this  entire  privacy  debate  you  always  end  up  with  the  fact  that    you  don’t  want  the  government  to  be  able  to  abuse  your  information.    And  this  is  what  is  happening  right  now.  To  which  extent  we  don’t  know,    sometimes  they  will  deal  with  it  with  integrity  ,  other  times  they  won’t  ...  hey,  that  sounds  funny:  can  you  abuse  information  with  integrity?  Yes,  I  think  so,  because  you  have  the  law  on  your  side  …  but  eventually  all  these  

It’s  better    to  be  

unemployed  today  than  during  the  thirties,  fifties  or  eighties.’  

 

Page 4: We're Living in Disruptive Times

mechanisms  are  exposed.  We’re  doing  it  ourselves,  too;  we  are  in  a  stage  of  transition  in  which  we  are  tapping  on  a  large  scale  and  don’t  claim  responsibility  about  what  it  is  we’re  doing.    Eventually  this  method  will  expire.    I  sometimes  joke:  “The  mice  outnumber  the  cats  and  the  mice  are  getting  increasingly  well-­‐organized  among  themselves,  so  the  cats  have  to  start  paying  attention.”’      What  do  you  think  is  going  to  happen?  ‘I  have  no  idea  whether  it  will  be  a  rough  or  a  soft  landing.  But  right  now  so  much  is  in  motion  simultaneously:  we’re  in  an  energy  transition,  in  an  education  transition,  in  a  healthcare  transition.  And  people,  especially  the  ones  who  are  employed  in  the  aforementioned  fields,  are  unsuspecting  of  what  is  going  on,  that’s  truly  bizarre.      We’re  in  the  middle  of  a  tremendous  transition  the  scale  of  which  we  haven’t  witnessed  before.      There’s  a  super  computer,  Watson,  made  by  IBM,  which,  a  few  years  back,  beat  the  best  Jeopardy  champions,  by  memorizing  everything  that’s  on  Wikipedia.  So  a  computer  has  memorized  Wikipedia,  deducted  the  algorithms  and  semantic  relationships  between  all  pages,  and  therefore  

knew  all  the  answers  –  trivia  answers!  –  and  beating  two  of  the  best  players  there  are.    If  you  extrapolate  this  to  the  next  ten  years  computer  power  will  expand  enormously.  Exponentially;  computers  are  not  just  getting  one  of  two  or  three  times  as  fast  and  smart,  no,  much  more.  And  a  lot  cheaper,  too,  so  owned  by  everybody.  And  if  you  can  teach  a  computer  all  of  Wikipedia  it  can  also  memorize  an  entire  law  book  and  all  jurisprudence  and  all  comments  on  this  and  all  the  rulings.      This  means  that  the  work  which  is  now  making  up  many  of  the  billable  hours  in  law  can  all  be  automated.  And  if  all  of  that  can  be  automated,  what  else  can?  The  speed  with  which  we  can  scan,  save,  connect,  combine  and  reshuffle  is  unimaginable.    Bots  are  created  that  can  make  news  items  based  on  tweets  and  Facebook  updates,  in  a  readable  context.  As  we  speak  accurate  news  reports  are  made  without  the  involvement  of  a  human  being.  Think  about  that.’      And  what  now?  ‘I  observe  an  enormous  emergence  of  yoga  schools  and  mindfulness  courses.  I  think  that  Adjiedj  Bakas,  the  well-­‐known  trend  watcher,  may  have  a  good  point  when  he  says:  “We’re  probably  going  to  be  bored  out  of  our  minds,  so  we’ll  have  to  become  really  good  at  killing  time.”    And  let’s  be  honest,  we  have  been  working  far  too  hard  the  past  couple  of  years.  We’ve  worked  very  hard  to  get  here.  How  about  enjoying  it?’  

     

 This  article    is  based  on  a  series  of  interviews  with  Martijn  Aslander  for  a  documentary  about  information.    Text:  Yvon  Mekkring  Translation:  Annedien  Hoen                  

‘I  have  no  idea  whether  it  will  be  a  rough  or  a  soft  landing.’